RESUMO
Trichophyton, Microsporum, Nannizzia and Epidermophyton genera cause dermatophytosis, the most common and highly contagious infectious skin disease. Rio de Janeiro is one of the most visited cities in the Southern Hemisphere, located in the most visited state of Brazil. This retrospective study investigated epidemiological and laboratorial aspects of dermatophytosis in Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil, by using spatiotemporal analysis. More than half of all individuals were infected by one or more dermatophytes. A variation between 18 and 106 years-old of the studied population was verified, and women more frequently affected. Patients were more frequently infected by Trichophyton spp., most of them T. rubrum, followed by T. mentagrophytes. M. canis and N. gypsea were more frequently isolated in the age group between 40 and 60 years old, while T. rubrum predominates among younger patients. All species presented homogeneous distribution while T. tonsurans appears to be restricted to the Rio de Janeiro capital and E. floccosum to the municipality of Macaé (190 Km apart from RJ). Rio de Janeiro state presented spatial clusters of dermatophytosis with high density in Guanabara Bay (E. floccosum, M. canis, N. gypsea, T. tonsurans) and Niterói (T. rubrum, T. mentagrophytes) but low density in Macaé (E. floccosum). Significant spatiotemporal clusters on dermatophytosis cases were detected in distinct municipalities (p-value ≤ 0.05). The Vulnerability Index (r = 0.293) and Demographic Density (r = 0.652) distributed according to neighborhoods in Niterói were direct related with dermatophytosis cases whereas Income (r = -0.306) was inversely correlated (p-value ≤ 0.05). The dermatophytosis spatiotemporal distinct distribution after two major international events in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, highlight the pressing need for specific measures of its prevention and controlling. This is particularly relevant in touristic tropical localities which must consider both socio-economical and traveler's medicine variables.
Assuntos
Arthrodermataceae , Canidae , Dermatomicoses , Tinha , Animais , Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Estudos Retrospectivos , Tinha/epidemiologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Trichophyton , MicrosporumRESUMO
Trichophyton benhamiae is a zoonotic dermatophyte that can cause tinea corporis, tinea faciei and tinea capitis, producing inflammatory lesions, especially in children. In this publication, we describe 7clinical cases of pediatric patients that occurred in our institution between July 2019 and January 2020. All patients underwent a conventional mycological study. The identification of fungi isolates was confirmed by MALDI-TOF MS and sequencing of the ribosomal DNA. T. benhamiae was identified as the etiological agent, whose epidemiological link in all cases was the contact with Guinea pigs. This is the first description of infections caused by T. benhamiae in Argentina. This dermatophyte can be misidentified as other more frequent dermatophytes when performing conventional studies. Molecular technology should be used to reach a definitive diagnosis. It is important to have epidemiological data from patients such as contact with non-traditional pets, especially Guinea pigs, for an adequate presumptive diagnosis of this dermatophytosis.
Assuntos
Arthrodermataceae , Tinha , Animais , Argentina/epidemiologia , Arthrodermataceae/genética , DNA Ribossômico , Cobaias , Tinha/diagnóstico , Tinha/epidemiologia , Tinha/veterinária , Trichophyton/genéticaAssuntos
Microsporum , Tinha , Surtos de Doenças , Humanos , Tinha/diagnóstico , Tinha/epidemiologiaAssuntos
Tinha Favosa , Tinha , Arthrodermataceae , Camboja/epidemiologia , Humanos , Tinha/diagnóstico , Tinha/epidemiologia , Vietnã/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Dermatophytosis is a common cutaneous mycosis worldwide whose prevalence in Brazil is still unknown. This systematic review has estimated the burden of dermatophytoses from updated literature data reported in the general Brazilian population. We used the following databases: Web of Science, Medline/PubMed, Embase, The Cochrane Library and Scopus for studies published between 2011 and 2020. Original articles with an emphasis on prevalence data for dermatophytosis in the Brazilian population, and diagnosed by culture exam or molecular biology were eligible. We also assessed the methodological quality of the studies. A total of 24 articles met the inclusion criteria and were reviewed. The occurrence of dermatophytoses found in the studies ranged from 4-88.50â%. The pooled prevalence of dermatophytosis for the population studies was 25â% (95â% CI: 24.7-25.3â%). The size of the samples used in the studies ranged from 45 to 36â446 participants, and ages ranged up to 98 years old. The populations studied involved mostly women. The presence of tinea unguium (toenail and fingernail) and tinea pedis were the most frequent dermatophytosis, and we observed a predominance of Trichophyton rubrum, T. interdigitale and T. mentagrophytes. The studies were primarily conducted in patient groups with suspected mycoses and were not entirely representative of the general population. Yet we believe that in the future, more collaborative strategies would improve both diagnostic capacity and epidemiological methodologies, associating the prevalence of dermatophytosis with social and environmental risk factors. This review helps to better understand future epidemiological trends in Brazil and the world.
Assuntos
Tinha/epidemiologia , Arthrodermataceae/classificação , Arthrodermataceae/isolamento & purificação , Brasil/epidemiologia , Humanos , Onicomicose/epidemiologia , Onicomicose/etiologia , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Tinha/etiologia , Tinha dos Pés/epidemiologia , Tinha dos Pés/etiologiaRESUMO
Superficial dermatomycosis are prevalent pathologies in the medical field and their diagnosis is fundamentally clinical. Histopathology is not considered part of his study, however, the diagnosis is exceptionally obtained by biopsy, when dermatomycosis was not suspected. Unpublished retrospective work is carried out on patients who had the histopathological diagnosis of superficial dermatomycosis between the years 2000-2019 at the HCUCH, based on selection criteria, obtaining 19 patients, in which the following were analyzed: age, gender, clinical characteristics, location, presumptive diagnosis and mycological and histological examinations. He stressed, as was our hypothesis, that dermatomycosis was not clinically suspected, since the presumptive diagnoses were various dermatoses. The most suspected dermatosis was psoriasis, as a result that 57.8% of the dermatoses studied had erythematous scaly plaques on examination. Another relevant fact is that only 21% of the cases underwent a direct mycological prior to the biopsy, which was negative ('' false negative''). It is concluded, then, that superficial dermatomycosis should be considered clinical simulators of other dermatoses, so clinical suspicion and support of mycological examination and fungal culture is essential. (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Dermatomicoses/diagnóstico , Tinha/epidemiologia , Dermatomicoses/classificação , Dermatomicoses/etiologia , Dermatomicoses/epidemiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Dermatophytosis is one of the most frequent superficial mycoses in the world. MAIN AIM: To describe the cases of skin dermatophytosis and its main aetiologic agents in patients referred to a Mycological Reference Laboratory in Medellín, Colombia. METHODS: A retrospective study was carried out with records of patients referred between 1994 and 2016 to the Corporación para Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB), Medellín-Colombia, because of clinical suspicion of skin dermatophytosis. RESULTS: Of a total of 5628 clinical records of patients with suspicion of skin dermatophytosis analysed, 2780 (49.4%) had a proven or probable dermatophytosis diagnosis, 2774 cultures were performed, and aetiologic agents were isolated in 2576 samples (92.9%). The most frequently isolated aetiologic agents were Trichophyton rubrum (44.3%), followed by Trichophyton mentagrophytes complex (33.3%), Epidermophyton floccosum (12.4%), Nannizzia gypseum complex (5.7%, formerly Microsporum gypseum), Microsporum canis (3.5%) and Trichophyton tonsurans (0.8%). The most frequent clinical forms were tinea pedis (72.7%) and tinea corporis (12.7%). In addition, a group of patients (0.9%) developed mixed infections by two dermatophyte agents and another (4.1%) developed infections in more than one anatomical site. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study are coherent with previous reports where T rubrum and T mentagrophytes complex were the main causative agents of dermatophytosis. However, the increased incidence of N gypsea complex over M canis is worth highlighting.
Assuntos
Dermatomicoses/epidemiologia , Fungos/isolamento & purificação , Tinha/microbiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Arthrodermataceae/classificação , Arthrodermataceae/isolamento & purificação , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Dermatomicoses/microbiologia , Epidermophyton/classificação , Epidermophyton/isolamento & purificação , Fungos/classificação , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Microsporum/classificação , Microsporum/isolamento & purificação , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Pele/microbiologia , Pele/patologia , Tinha/epidemiologia , Trichophyton/classificação , Trichophyton/isolamento & purificação , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Ringworm are skin and its annexes infections. Trichophyton tonsurans is an emergent anthropophilic fungus that might cause outbreaks. AIM: To describe a ringworm outbreak by T tonsurans in an elementary school in Valparaíso, Chile. METHODS: A descriptive study was run between June and August, 2018. Students and his closest relatives in contact with them who were clinically diagnosed with ringworm have been considered a case. Mycological studies of samples had been carried out through morphophysiology tests. Data are shown in numbers and percentages. RESULTS: There were 18 cases, 16 kids (15 from kindergarten) and 2 adults. Attack rate was 68% in kindergarten. Nine cases were boys with average age of 6 years old. For 14 cases their nationality was Chilean and in 1 case Haitian. First case was a Chilean boy, and primary case was a Haitian boy. The most frequent location was face. Ten cases yielded positive cultures for T tonsurans. Most of the patients needed terbinafine treatment after a therapeutic failure performed with clotrimazole. CONCLUSION: T. tonsurans outbreak ocurred mainly in kindergarten male. The most frequent location was face. Most of the patients needed terbinafine treatment after a therapeutic failure with clotrimazole.
Assuntos
Surtos de Doenças , Tinha/epidemiologia , Trichophyton/isolamento & purificação , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Chile/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Tinha/microbiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Dermatophytosis is a cutaneous disease caused by filamentous keratinophilic fungi belonging to the genera Trichophyton, Microsporum and Epidermophyton, which present a high prevalence in the general population, being among the most common mycoses affecting about 20% of the world's population. OBJECTIVE: To carry out the epidemiological survey of cases of dermatophytosis in patients from the Sistema Único de Saúde in a regional Laboratory in the period of 5 years (2009 to 2013). METHODS: A retrospective study (January 2009 to December 2013) was carried out with a qualitative and quantitative design, through the registry book of the laboratory, Mycology Sector, where cases of patients with suspected dermatomycosis were analyzed. RESULTS: In a 5-year period, a total of 4467 cases were suspected of having a fungal infection. Of these, 68.74% (3071) cases were of dermatomycosis. In relation to cultures with fungal growth, 12.54% (385 cases) were dermatophyte fungi and 7.97% (245 cases) non-dermatophyte fungi were isolated. Among the species identified, there was a higher prevalence of T. rubrum complex (75%), T. mentagrophytes complex (11.68%) and M. canis (7.01%). Regarding the sites analyzed, nail involvement was the most frequent in 75% of the cases. STUDY LIMITATIONS: This work is representative in the studied region. CONCLUSIONS: Dermatomycosis samples are the most frequent among all samples of fungal infections from these patients, with the nail being the most affected area and the fungi T. rubrum complex and T. mentagrophytes complex the most frequent.
Assuntos
Tinha/epidemiologia , Adulto , Brasil/epidemiologia , Epidermophyton/isolamento & purificação , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Microsporum/isolamento & purificação , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Unhas/microbiologia , Programas Nacionais de Saúde , Prevalência , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores Sexuais , Tinha/microbiologia , Trichophyton/isolamento & purificação , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Resumen Introducción: Las tiñas son infecciones que afectan la piel y anexos. Trichophyton tonsurans es un hongo antropofílico emergente que puede provocar brotes. Objetivo: Describir un brote de tiña por T. tonsurans en una escuela de Valparaíso. Materiales y Método: Estudio descriptivo realizado entre junio-agosto de 2018. Se consideró caso a todo alumno de la escuela y a familiares directos en contacto con ellos, con diagnóstico clínico de tiña. El estudio micológico de las muestras tomadas se realizó a través de pruebas morfo-fisiológicas. Los datos se expresaron en números y porcentajes. Resultados: Hubo 18 casos, 16 niños (15 del kindergarten) y dos adultos. Tasa de ataque en kindergarten fue de 68%. Nueve casos fueron varones con promedio de edad de 6 años. Catorce de nacionalidad chilena y una haitiana. El caso índice fue un niño chileno y el primario el niño haitiano. La localización más frecuente fue en el rostro. Diez casos tuvieron cultivo con desarrollo de T. tonsurans. La mayoría requirió tratamiento con terbinafina por fracaso terapéutico con clotrimazol. Conclusiones: El brote por T. tonsurans ocurrió principalmente en varones del kindergarten. La principal localización fue en el rostro. La mayoría de los casos requirió terbinafina como tratamiento por fracaso terapéutico con clotrimazol.
Background: Ringworm are skin and its annexes infections. Trichophyton tonsurans is an emergent anthropophilic fungus that might cause outbreaks. Aim: To describe a ringworm outbreak by T tonsurans in an elementary school in Valparaíso, Chile. Methods: A descriptive study was run between June and August, 2018. Students and his closest relatives in contact with them who were clinically diagnosed with ringworm have been considered a case. Mycological studies of samples had been carried out through morphophysiology tests. Data are shown in numbers and percentages. Results: There were 18 cases, 16 kids (15 from kindergarten) and 2 adults. Attack rate was 68% in kindergarten. Nine cases were boys with average age of 6 years old. For 14 cases their nationality was Chilean and in 1 case Haitian. First case was a Chilean boy, and primary case was a Haitian boy. The most frequent location was face. Ten cases yielded positive cultures for T tonsurans. Most of the patients needed terbinafine treatment after a therapeutic failure performed with clotrimazole. Conclusion: T. tonsurans outbreak ocurred mainly in kindergarten male. The most frequent location was face. Most of the patients needed terbinafine treatment after a therapeutic failure with clotrimazole.