RESUMO
Supervisor's supporting comments Keyller B Borges carried out his MS and PhD studies in toxicology under my supervision. During the time he spent in my laboratory, he worked on the development of analytical methods and studied the biotransformation of several drugs by fungi. Characteristics such as dedication, ability, initiative and dynamism had been the basis for the success of his projects developed under my supervision, resulting in several publications in prestigious periodics of the area. Therefore, I consider Dr Keyller highly capable for the development of activities in the area of bioanalysis.
Assuntos
Química Analítica/educação , Pesquisadores , Toxicologia/educação , Brasil , HumanosRESUMO
La actualización de los recursos humanos en el campo de la salud ambiental en Cuba es una necesidad. El diplomado que se propone posibilita el desarrollo de competencias y habilidades en temáticas utilizadas en las funciones laborales de quienes optan por esta modalidad de superación profesional. El Diplomado en Toxicología Ambiental, Microbiología y Química Sanitaria constituye una contribución en la búsqueda de la excelencia en la gestión de los laboratorios de ensayo de muestras ambientales en el país. El diseño curricular elaborado está acorde con los objetivos propuestos para el perfil del egresado y se caracteriza por la actualización en los temas tratados y la inserción de lecturas complementarias que apoyan el estudio independiente del diplomante. La modalidad a distancia le concede al diplomado un valor de generalización del conocimiento amplio en estas ramas del saber, por la capacidad de acceso a través de las redes telemáticas del país.
Updating of human resources in the environmental health field in Cuba is a need. Masterliness proposed allows the development of competences and abilities in the subjects used in labour tasks of those opting by this modality of professional excelling. Masterliness in Environmental Toxicology, Microbiology, and Health Chemistry is a contribution in search of excellence in management of laboratories of environmental samples assays in our country. Curriculum design elaborated is in agreement to objectives proposed for graduate profile and it is characterized by the updating of the subjects discussed, and the insertion of complementary readings supporting the independent study of diplomate. Distant modality allows to student to value the generalization of extensive wisdom in these branches of knowledge by access ability through telematic networks of the country.
Assuntos
Humanos , Educação a Distância , Educação Profissionalizante , Microbiologia/educação , Toxicologia/educaçãoRESUMO
Industrialization that Latin America has experienced during the past 50 years, the increase of population and the growth of chemical-related industries has generated a variety of environmental problems that must be addressed. After assessing these profound changes, greater emphasis should be placed on the study of environmental health and toxicology. Latin American countries face many problems that are common to other developing nations. Therefore, there is a demand for safety assessment and regulatory control of chemicals that create a need for increasing numbers of toxicologists. To meet this demand, educational programs in toxicology have to be designed. This paper utilizes a consultation questionnaire that includes toxicology-network members, scientists and educational institutions where toxicology is taught. An analysis of the information collected is made, with an emphasis on what we currently lack and on future challenges for toxicology professionals. Although the response from the study institutions was 65% (13 countries out of 20), the paper aims to assess the present situation of toxicology. The convenience for a certification/recognition for toxicologists is also evaluated. Action needs to be taken to promote scientific development based on regional specific needs that require increasing at the number of toxicology programs, and promoting of cooperation between academics and researchers. Among the limitations we have are the variability of curricula, objectives and priorities. The increasing globalization of markets and regulations requires the harmonization of graduate/postgraduate programs to ensure that risk assessment and management are dealt with uniformly. Cooperation among our countries and international assistance should play a more prominent role in the promotion of regional integration and the more efficient utilization of international experience in defining educational policies.
Assuntos
Toxicologia/educação , América LatinaRESUMO
Em um universo de centenas de casos envolvendo problemas de toxicologia ocupacional atendidos ao longo de 17 anos (1984 a 2001) por uma instituição governamental especializada em Saúde e Trabalho, foi constado que a grande maioria deles tinha sido anteriormente conduzido de forma equivocada pelos médicos do trabalho. Isto mostrou uma falha no ensino deste conhecimento a estes profissionais, e a partir deste fato, o ensino de toxicologia para os médicos, e especialmente para os médicos do trabalho, foi estudado, assim como os conceitos fundamentais das boas práticas da toxicologia ocupacional. A fim de se propor maneiras objetivas de melhoria dos cursos, foram analisados em profundidade dez casos extraídos do universo existente através do método qualitativo de estudos de casos, muito utilizado na área de educação, e a partir da compreensão das causas que levaram aos conceitos equivocados, e que tiveram suas conseqüências nos erros cometidos, foram elaboradas propostas de mudança da forma de se ministrar o conhecimento de toxicologia aos médicos do trabalho no Brasil
In a universe of hundreds of cases related to occupational toxicology, assisted over 17 years (from 1984 to 2001) in a governmental institution specialized in Occupational Health, it was observed that the great majority of them had been inadequately managed by the occupational physicians previously. This fact showed a flaw in the knowledge to these professionals. Based on this finding, a study was designed to evaluate the teaching of toxicology for physicians, particularly occupational physicians, as well as to assess the essential concepts of the good practices of occupational toxicology. In order to suggest objective measures to improve the courses, ten cases were deeply analyzed using a case study, a qualitative research methodology frequently used in the Education area. Based on the understanding of the causes responsible by the equivocal concepts, a set of proposals for changing the teaching of toxicology to occupational physicians in Brazil has been created.
Assuntos
Humanos , Exposição Ambiental/prevenção & controle , Erros Médicos , Médicos do Trabalho/educação , Medicina do Trabalho/educação , Riscos Ocupacionais , Toxicologia/educação , Prevenção de Acidentes , Brasil , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Monitoramento Ambiental , Exposição Ocupacional , Literatura de Revisão como Assunto , Condições de TrabalhoRESUMO
Este trbajo intenta poner en evidncia la importancia de la cración de una red toxicologica provincial en el ámbito de salud, con el fin de satisfacer de manera más rápida y eficiente las demandas que se presentan en los distintos nosocomios. Se entiende por red, un proceso de construcción permanente tanto individual como colectivo. Es un modo de mirar la realidad y trabnajar con ella, poruqe el trabajo desde los vñínculos y las relaciones es trabajar en inclusión. Esta proyección pretende que a partir de las dos instituciones referentes, el Hospital de Niños de la Santísima Trinidad y el Hospital de Urgencias, se eleven el número de centros toxicológicos, con el fin de poder responder a toda la población demandante
Assuntos
Toxicologia/educaçãoRESUMO
This paper summarizes experiences from long-term ongoing cooperation between Swedish research institutions and institutions at the National Universities in Nicaragua and Costa Rica. 24 researchers and teachers from the Central American institutions and ten Swedish research students have been trained. In addition to three full doctoral and three licentiate (two-year PhD program) theses, the two programs have so far published 15 articles in English-language, international, refereed journals and about three times as many abstracts for conferences in more than ten countries. A "sandwich" model for training is recommended, where the southern researchers come to the wealthier partner for collaborative analyses and write-ups of the publications, while spending 50-75% of their time in their home countries for data collection. Such collaboration should be planned for a time span of at least eight years and include substantial numbers of researchers and students. Means to minimize the risk of brain drain are suggested. The collaboration has been important for the globalization of the research cultures at the participating institutions and has trained international experts.
Assuntos
Saúde Ambiental , Intercâmbio Educacional Internacional , Saúde Ocupacional , Pesquisa/educação , Costa Rica , Nicarágua , Suécia , Toxicologia/educaçãoAssuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Toxicologia/classificação , Toxicologia/educação , Toxicologia/legislação & jurisprudência , Toxicologia/métodos , Toxicologia/normas , Exposição a Praguicidas , Resíduos de Praguicidas/análise , Resíduos de Praguicidas/classificação , Resíduos de Praguicidas/efeitos adversos , Intoxicação , Intoxicação/classificação , Intoxicação/diagnóstico , Intoxicação/epidemiologia , Intoxicação/patologia , Intoxicação/terapia , Gestão da Qualidade Total , América LatinaRESUMO
Industrial development has resulted in an increased release of chemicals and other agents into the environment, resulting in damage to the environment as well as increasing the risk of adverse effects on human health. Environmental toxicology (ET) is the discipline responsible for assessing the risks to human health and the environment from the effects of new chemicals and those already present in the environment. The development of human resources in toxicology is therefore a priority in both Latin America (LA) and the European Union (EU), although LA professionals are more involved in risk evaluation than in risk assessment compared to their EU colleagues. A solid background in general toxicology will enable those interested in environmental issues to tackle local problems. Moreover, the increasing globalization of markets and, therefore, of the necessary regulations, requires harmonisation of postgraduate programmes to ensure that risk assessment and management related to the environment are dealt with uniformly and by highly qualified scientists. The Inaugural Meeting of the ALFA-OMET Toxicology', a 2-year programme supported by the European Commission, offered the opportunity to discuss a number of these issues. The present status of existing ET courses in the EU and LA and the corresponding professional profiles in the two regions were examined, and a harmonized academic curriculum for a postgraduate professional profiles in the two regions were examined, and a harmonized academic curriculum for a postgraduate course in environmental toxicology was developed. Finally, a course programme for toxicology and a specialization in environmental toxicology designed by a panel of experts was discussed, and its relevance as a model for other specialisation programmes was analysed. Exercises such as those performed by ALFA-OMET may be useful not only in promoting discussion for the implementation of national and international professional registers in LA, but also in encouraging the same, ongoing process in the EU.
Assuntos
Poluentes Ambientais/toxicidade , Toxicologia/educação , Europa (Continente) , América LatinaRESUMO
Imperiosa resulta la integración de la toxicología a la atención primaria de salud para alcanzar la meta dwe " Salud para todos en el año 2000". Elartículo presenta el modelo cubano de atención primaria conocido como " plan del médico de la familia". Aborda las particularidades de la formación del médico general integral como recurso humano fundamental de ste plan; resalta lo inadecuado que resulta su formación actual en toxicología, especialmente para enfrentar las labores de promoción de salud y prevención de ls principales riesgos tóxicos. Se exponen los conocimientos que deben dominar los médicos de la etención primaria sobre toxicología. Se analiza el papel de las investigacion en la atención primaria y propone algunos temas de investigación en toxicología susceptibles de realizarse en la atención primaria(AU)