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Abstract This was a forthcoming study of those patients, who undergo in-vitro fertilization (IVF) and freeze-all embryo, who acquiesce for the study. The number of participated patients (n=350) in this study, underwent for IVF. The blood sample was collected from patients to evaluate the level of serum progesterone in vacuum vials on the day of ovulation trigger. After 36 hrs of ovulation trigger, ovum picked up was done. Quantitative methods were used to estimate the level of serum progesterone through the electrochemiluminescence immunoassay and correlation of serum progesterone with embryo transfer (ET) outcomes. Main outcome of this current study was to evaluate the value of mean serum progesterone level i.e.0.868± 0.712 ng/ml and 0.88±0.723 ng/ml was found in case of pregnancy positive and negative respectively, at p=0.216 value. In antagonist (n=40) and agonist (n=310) cases, it was 8(20%) and 37(11.94%) PL occurrence was noted at p=0.143 respectively. An overall value of the premature lutenization (PL) occurrences was 13.63% and 15.25% observed in both positive and negative cases of pregnancy at p=0.216 respectively. This study concluded that 12.66% of PL occurrences were recorded in the case of IVF. Study results proved, there were no significant effect of PL on pregnancy outcomes.

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Estradiol cypionate (EC) or GnRH have been widely used for ovulation induction in timed embryo transfer (TET). EC administration increases the proportion of cows that show estrus, whereas GnRH promotes more synchronized ovulations. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the potential beneficial effects of combining EC and GnRH in TET. In experiment 1, no difference was observed on serum progesterone concentrations on Day 6 and 13 after GnRH treatment between GnRH and EC+GnRH groups. In experiment 2, pregnancy per embryo transfer (P/ET) did not differ (p = 0.69) between GnRH (62.8%) and EC+GnRH (58.7%) groups. In conclusion, combining EC and GnRH for ovulation induction does not increase progesterone secretion and pregnancy rate after TET in cattle.(AU)

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Pregnancy rates after embryo transfer (ET) are disappointing in donkey species. This study aims to report two successful ET of mini-donkey embryos using Brazilian Northeastern jennies as recipients. Eighteen embryo flushes were performed 9 days post-ovulation in two non-pregnant mini-donkeys jennies (11 and 7 cycles per jenny). Eleven embryos (61%, 11/18) were collected and transferred to Brazilian Northeastern jennies 4-6 days post-ovulation by conventional (n = 6) or an alternative (n = 5) technique. The alternative method consisted of inserting a Polansky equine vaginal speculum smeared with lubricant in the vagina of the recipient jenny. The arms of the speculum were extended to allow the visualization of the cervix. Then, using an adapted crafted, elongated, toothed tissue grasping forceps, the external cervical os was held, and the cervix was gently pulled backward, aiming to straight the cervical canal. The ET gun was inserted through the vagina and cervix by visual inspection, and the embryo was released into the uterine lumen. All embryos collected were Grade 1 and classified as Expanded Blastocysts. No jennies become pregnant after conventional ET (0/6), whereas two recipient jennies (40%, 2/5) become pregnant and delivered offspring in the following year after ET using the alternative technique. In conclusion, Brazilian Northeastern jennies can be used as embryo recipients using the alternative method proposed in the present study. However, further investigations are needed to improve the knowledge and results of ET in donkey species.

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The Developmental Origins of health and Disease state that environmental conditions during pregnancy affect long term outcomes in offspring. In the present paper, effects of maternal size and breed as well as maternal nutrition on offspring size, growth and production traits are described. Although birthweight is mostly not affected, metabolic perturbations are often observed in adult offspring. In animal production, however, the relation between developmental conditions and long-term offspring outcome may remain unnoticed. Nevertheless, improving dams' health and nutrition before and during pregnancy may help improving production traits in domestic animals.(AU)

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The Developmental Origins of health and Disease state that environmental conditions during pregnancy affect long term outcomes in offspring. In the present paper, effects of maternal size and breed as well as maternal nutrition on offspring size, growth and production traits are described. Although birthweight is mostly not affected, metabolic perturbations are often observed in adult offspring. In animal production, however, the relation between developmental conditions and long-term offspring outcome may remain unnoticed. Nevertheless, improving dams' health and nutrition before and during pregnancy may help improving production traits in domestic animals.

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OBJECTIVES: To compare reproductive outcomes using two different soft catheters i.e. Set TDT® and Cook® Sydney IVF. The primary outcome was defined as a positive ß-human chorionic gonadotropin (ß-hCG) test. METHODS: Our prospective study recruited 68 patients undergoing in vitro fertilization cycles in a private fertility clinic in Porto Alegre, Brazil, between January 2014 and April 2016. They were divided into two groups according to the catheter that would be used for the embryo transfer, and the groups were matched by age. The total number of patients in each group was: 34 for the TDT and 34 for the Cook Sydney. All the patients were submitted to a ß-hCG test 12 days after the embryo transfer for pregnancy outcome evaluation. RESULTS: Ten out of 34 patients from the TDT group had a positive outcome for pregnancy, corresponding to 29.4%. The Cook Sydney group had 9 patients out of 34 with positive outcomes, corresponding to 26.5%. Comparing the efficacy of both catheters for the primary outcome, there was no significant difference (p>0.05) between the TDT and the Cook Sydney catheters. CONCLUSION: The TDT and the Cook Sydney catheters efficacies were similar for embryo transfer during assisted reproductive technology cycles.

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A partir de los registros de transferencia de embriones producidos in vitro de tantos años de la central genética en el municipio de San Pedro de los Milagros Antioquia – Colombia, se buscó retrospectivamente si existía unarelación sobre la cantidad de ovocitos y embriones viables producidos por las donadoras. Dependiendo de la raza,se buscó determinar si existe una influencia de la donante. Las variables analizadas fueron: el toro, la raza, el lote, la historia reproductiva de las donadoras, las cuales se encontraban en iguales condiciones de manejo, tanto sanitarias y nutricionales. La evaluación de los resultados se realizó mediante el modelo estadístico de Chi-cuadrado.Para la comparación entre el porcentaje de ovocitos viables y el porcentaje de embriones producidos se realizó unaprueba de análisis de varianza (ANOVA) y una prueba de Fisher con un intervalo de confianza del 95% y un valorde p>0.05. Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la producción de embriones (40% vs 29%), taurus e indicus, respectivamente. Se concluye, que las donadoras taurus producen mayor número de embrionesque las indicus.

From the many years of transfer records of embryos produced in vitro at the genetics center in the municipality ofSan Pedro de los Milagros, Antioquia, Colombia, we examined retrospectively if there was a relationship betweenthe number of viable oocytes and embryos produced by the donors. Depending on the race, we sought to determine whether there is an influence by the donor. The variables analyzed were: the bull, race, batch, and reproductive history of the donors, all of which were in similar health and nutritional conditions. The evaluation of the results was carried out with the Chi- Square test statistical model. In order to compare between the percentage of viable oocytes and the percentage of embryos, an analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed as well as a Fischer test, with a confidence interval of 95% and a p-value of p>0.05. Statistically significant differences were found in the production of embryos (40% vs 29%) taurus and indicus, respectively. The conclusion is that taurus donors produce greater numbers of embryos than indicus donors.

A partir dos registros de transferência de embriões produzidos in vitro nos muitos anos da central genética nomunicípio de San Pedro de los Milagros, Antioquia- Colômbia procuramos retrospectivamente se há uma relaçãoentre a quantidade do número de oócitos viáveis e embriões produzidos por doadores. Dependendo da raça,buscou-se determinar se há uma influência do doador. As variáveis analisadas foram: o touro, a raça, o lote, a história reprodutiva dos doadores, os quais encontravam-se nas mesmas condições de manejo, saúde e nutrição. A avaliação dos resultados foi realizada utilizando o modelo de teste estatístico Chi-quadrado. Para a comparação entrea porcentagem de oócitos viáveis e a porcentagem de embriões produzidos foram realizados um teste pela análisede variância (ANOVA) e um teste de Fisher, com intervalo de confiança de 95% e um valor de p>0.05. Foramencontradas diferenças estatisticamente significativas na produção de embriões (40% vs 29%), taurus e indicus,respectivamente. A conclusão é que os doadores taurus produzem um número maior de embriões que os doadoresindicus.

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OBJECTIVE: To visualize by microhysteroscopy any possible lesions on the endocervix and endometrium made by the catheters commonly used for embryo transfer (ET). DESIGN: Prospective descriptive study. Tertiary fertility center (IFER). PATIENT(S): Twenty-three infertile patients underwent a mock transfer before a microhysteroscopy during the postovulatory phase (days 2-5 after ovulation) of the cycle with a Tomcat catheter (n = 5), Frydman's catheter (n = 5), Frydman's set (n = 3), or Wallace's catheter (n = 10). INTERVENTION(S): Mock ETs and subsequent mycrohysteroscopies.Visualization, description, and documentation of endocervical and endometrial lesions. RESULT(S): The lesions in all 23 patients were described and documented (tunnel-like, groove-like, punch-out, crater-like). The Wallace catheter appears to be less traumatic to the endometrium (but it seems that it is important to take care to not pass the internal os with the outer sheath). The Tomcat catheter and the Frydman's set caused the more significant lesions that were observed. CONCLUSION(S): In this preliminary study, for the first time endometrial lesions caused by the ET catheters were directly visualized and documented. Some of these observed lesions appear to be capable of compromising the success of ET.

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Este trabalho testou a hipótese de que a dificuldade no ato da transferência embrionária poderia alterar o índice de gravidez num programa de fertilizaçao in vitro. Assim sendo, um total de 79 transferências embrionárias foram analisadas quanto à complexidade de execuçao, e divididas em dois grupos: a) Quando a transferência embrionária é considerada tecnicamente fácil (passagem cervical de cateteres de Frydman sem resistência) - 52 casos. b) Quando a transferência embrionária é considerada tecnicamente díficil(necessidade de manipulaçao para a passagem de cateteres de Frydman ou uso de cânula metálica) - 27 casos. O índice de gravidez no grupo A (32,69 por cento por transferência) foi significativamente maior (p

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