RESUMO
PURPOSE: The patterns or trajectories of serious antisocial behavior (ASB) in children are examined to determine the extent to which context, gender, and the severity and persistence of ASB from childhood/early adolescence to later adolescence/early adulthood is associated with negative outcomes. METHODS: A four wave longitudinal study obtained data on two multi-stage probability household samples of Puerto Rican background children (5-13 years at baseline) living in the San Juan Metropolitan Area of Puerto Rico (PR) and the South Bronx (SBx) of New York. The outcomes studied were any psychiatric disorder including substance use disorders and teenage pregnancy. RESULTS: Both males and females raised in the SBx had much higher risk of serious ASB (42.3%) as compared to those in PR (17.8%). Concurrent ASB4 + in the fourth wave was strongly related to SUD and MDD for both males and females at Wave 4. CONCLUSIONS: Serious ASB is likely to persist at least to the next developmental period of a child and is likely to be associated with substance use disorders and major depression later in life.
Assuntos
Transtorno da Personalidade Antissocial , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias , Adolescente , Adulto , Transtorno da Personalidade Antissocial/diagnóstico , Transtorno da Personalidade Antissocial/epidemiologia , Criança , Feminino , Hispânico ou Latino , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Gravidez , Porto Rico/epidemiologiaRESUMO
The present research built on the Self-Reported Delinquency interview and the Antisocial Behavior Scale to develop an updated brief instrument to measure antisocial behavior. College students (n = 3188, 67.75% women) from the USA, Argentina, the Netherlands and Spain completed an online survey. Analyses that combined approaches from the Classical Test Theory and Item Response Theory were conducted to select the items for the brief version. Findings suggested that a 13-item Brief Antisocial Behavior Scale (B-ABS) fulfilled the high-quality criteria: salient factor loadings, adequate discrimination, variability in response endorsement, adequate fit based on infit/outfit values, nondifferent item functioning across the four participating countries, and Cronbach's alpha and ordinal omega coefficients higher than .70. The B-ABS scores generally significantly correlated with personality scores, mental health and marijuana outcomes, showing criterion-related validity evidence. Our overall findings suggest that B-ABS adequately assesses antisocial behavior in young adults from different countries/cultures.
Assuntos
Transtorno da Personalidade Antissocial/diagnóstico , Saúde Mental , Personalidade , Adolescente , Adulto , Transtorno da Personalidade Antissocial/psicologia , Argentina , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Países Baixos , Escalas de Graduação Psiquiátrica , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Espanha , Estados Unidos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
The symptoms of antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) and broader personality trait domains such as negative emotionality (NEM) may prove detrimental for marital quality. Previous research with European Americans has found that ASPD negatively predicts couple functioning, even when controlling for NEM. The current study extends previous work by testing whether ASPD (as well as a history of early conduct disorder) and NEM are related to marital quality trajectories in a sample of 450 Mexican-origin couples followed over 9 years. Consistent with other studies, there was a slight average decline in relationship quality over the course of the study along with differences between couples in the initial level of relationship quality and rate of change. Results indicated that NEM was a stronger correlate of initial levels of marital quality than ASPD. Findings underscore the relevance of NEM as a personality trait domain relevant for relationships.
Assuntos
Transtorno da Personalidade Antissocial/diagnóstico , Casamento/psicologia , Emoções , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Americanos MexicanosRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: although psychopathy is a clinical construct of great importance for both the clinical and forensic field, previous Latin American research has been focused mainly on males. OBJECTIVES: determine the prevalence of psychopathy and of antisocial personality disorder in imprisoned female population. To explore the distribution scores obtained with the PCL-R and to test its psychometric characteristics. METHOD: a randomized sample of 210 participants was obtained from the 570 women imprisoned in the female prison in Santiago, Chile, in June 2014. The participants were evaluated by two independent researchers with the Hare Psychopathy Checklist and the Interpersonal Measure of Psychopathy. The information was obtained from different sources and the interviews were all video-registered for its double check. RESULTS: Prevalence of psychopathy was 11,9% and antisocial personality disorder 43,8%. The results assert that the Psychopathy Checklist - Revised is reliable and valid to be used in women and provide the norms for the professionals working with inmate female population.
Assuntos
Transtorno da Personalidade Antissocial , Prisioneiros , Transtorno da Personalidade Antissocial/diagnóstico , Transtorno da Personalidade Antissocial/epidemiologia , Lista de Checagem , Chile/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , PsicometriaRESUMO
A tríade sombria maquiavelismo, narcisismo e psicopatia tem sido tradicionalmente avaliada via inventários de autorrelato. Entretanto, instrumentos de autorrelato podem estar suscetíveis à aquiescência ou tendência a concordar com itens mesmo quando possuem conteúdo antagônico. O presente estudo teve por objetivo investigar a dimensionalidade de dois populares instrumentos de autorrelato da tríade, o Dirty Dozen e o Short Dark Triad, verificando a interferência do viés da aquiescência na estrutura fatorial de cada medida. Participaram do estudo 449 universitários (média de idades= 23,47; DP = 6,76; 64% mulheres). O controle da aquiescência produziu soluções fatoriais mais interpretáveis do que a tradicional modelagem bi-factor, amplamente utilizada na área. Os achados também revelam fragilidades na composição teórica de ambos os instrumentos. Argumenta-se que a economia das medidas breves da "tríade sombria" não deve vir desencontrada de uma estrutura fatorial que reflita o conhecimento atual sobre a multidimensionalidade desses traços
The Dark Triad Machiavellianism, narcissism and psychopathy has been traditionally assessed via self-report inventories. Self-report instruments might be susceptible to acquiescent responding or the tendency to manifest agreement with items even when they are semantically opposed. We investigated the dimensionality of two popular self-report instruments of the Dark Triad, the Dirty Dozen and the Short Dark Triad, and inspected the interference of the acquiescence bias in the factor structure of each measure. Participants were 449 students (mean age of 23.47 years; SD = 6.76; 64% females. Controlling for acquiescence produced factor solutions that were more theoretically interpretable than the standard bi-factor modeling, largely used in the field. Findings also raise questions about the theoretical underpinnings of both instruments. We argue that, despite valuable, brief measures of the Dark Triad traits should not come at the expense of a structure adequately reflecting the current knowledge about the multidimensionality of these traits
La Tríada Oscura (maquiavelismo, narcisismo y psicopatía) se ha evaluado a través de inventarios de autoinformes. El instrumento de autoinforme puede ser susceptible de responder o de la tendencia a manifestar acuerdo con los elementos, incluso cuando se oponen semánticamente.Investigamos la dimensionalidad de dos instrumentos populares de autoinforme de la Tríada, Dirty Dozen y Short Dark Triad, e inspeccionamos la interferencia del sesgo de aquiescencia en la estructura de factores de cada medida. Los participantes fueron 449 estudiantes (edad promedio de 23.47 años; SD = 6.76; 64% mujeres. El control de la aquiescencia produjo soluciones factoriales que eran teóricamente más fáciles de interpretar que el modelo bifactor estándar, ampliamente utilizado en el campo. Los hallazgos también plantean preguntas sobre los fundamentos teóricos de ambos instrumentos. Los rasgos de la Tríada, no deben realizarse a expensas de una estructura que refleje adecuadamente el conocimiento actual sobre la multidimensionalidad de estos rasgos
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Adulto Jovem , Testes Psicológicos , Autorrelato , Maquiavelismo , Narcisismo , Transtorno da Personalidade Antissocial/diagnóstico , PsicometriaRESUMO
Objective: To examine the utility of the Self-Report Psychopathy-Short Form (SRP-SF) to assess psychopathic traits in female offenders and to test gender-based item modifications. Method: A South American sample of female offenders (n=210) was assessed with the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R); 110 subjects also completed the standard SRP-SF, while 109 completed a version with items rewritten to be more relevant for females. The underlying latent structure of the PCL-R and both versions of the SRP-SF were examined. Results: Most of the modified items showed higher average item responses. The PCL-R showed a stronger association with the modified SRP-SF than with the standard SRP-SF. The four-factor model showed very good fit in accounting for the PCL-R data, consistent with previous research. For both SRP-SF versions, the results indicated good model fit. Structural equation models were tested separately, in which a superordinate SRP-SF factor was set to predict a broad factor reflecting chronic misconduct. Both versions showed good model fit, and the SRP-SF superordinate factor significantly predicted a chronic misconduct factor. Conclusions: Both versions of the SRP-SF adequately reflected psychopathic features in this female sample; the modified items added robustness to representation of these features.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Idoso , Prisioneiros/estatística & dados numéricos , Autorrelato , Transtorno da Personalidade Antissocial/diagnóstico , Chile , Análise de Variância , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Modelos TeóricosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To examine the utility of the Self-Report Psychopathy-Short Form (SRP-SF) to assess psychopathic traits in female offenders and to test gender-based item modifications. METHOD: A South American sample of female offenders (n=210) was assessed with the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R); 110 subjects also completed the standard SRP-SF, while 109 completed a version with items rewritten to be more relevant for females. The underlying latent structure of the PCL-R and both versions of the SRP-SF were examined. RESULTS: Most of the modified items showed higher average item responses. The PCL-R showed a stronger association with the modified SRP-SF than with the standard SRP-SF. The four-factor model showed very good fit in accounting for the PCL-R data, consistent with previous research. For both SRP-SF versions, the results indicated good model fit. Structural equation models were tested separately, in which a superordinate SRP-SF factor was set to predict a broad factor reflecting chronic misconduct. Both versions showed good model fit, and the SRP-SF superordinate factor significantly predicted a chronic misconduct factor. CONCLUSIONS: Both versions of the SRP-SF adequately reflected psychopathic features in this female sample; the modified items added robustness to representation of these features.
Assuntos
Transtorno da Personalidade Antissocial/diagnóstico , Prisioneiros/estatística & dados numéricos , Autorrelato , Adulto , Idoso , Análise de Variância , Chile , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Modelos TeóricosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Previous research has identified different, but not mutually exclusive, etiological pathways (i.e., the positive affect regulation pathway, the negative affect regulation pathway and the deviance proneness pathway) to alcohol use and misuse in which personality characteristics play a key role. OBJECTIVES: The present study aimed to simultaneously and cross-culturally examine all these personality pathways to alcohol use in a large sample of young adult drinkers (N = 1280) from the US, Argentina, and Spain. METHOD: Structural equation modeling was conducted to test the models. Multi-group models were conducted to test model invariance across countries and gender groups. RESULTS: In the whole sample, low conscientiousness and extraversion were related to alcohol outcomes through enhancement drinking motives (i.e., positive affect regulation pathway), low emotional stability was related through coping drinking motives (i.e., negative affect regulation pathway), and low conscientiousness and low agreeableness were related through antisocial behavior (i.e., deviance proneness pathway). The model was invariant between gender groups. Some minor, yet significant, differences across countries arose. Specifically, antisocial behavior was a significant mediator of the association between agreeableness and alcohol use, but only in the US subsample. CONCLUSIONS: The present findings suggest that risky-personality pathways for alcohol use and alcohol-related problems may be generalized across gender groups and cultures in young adults.
Assuntos
Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/etnologia , Alcoolismo/etnologia , Transtorno da Personalidade Antissocial/etnologia , Comparação Transcultural , Personalidade , Adolescente , Adulto , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/psicologia , Alcoolismo/diagnóstico , Alcoolismo/psicologia , Transtorno da Personalidade Antissocial/diagnóstico , Transtorno da Personalidade Antissocial/psicologia , Argentina/etnologia , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Motivação/fisiologia , Personalidade/fisiologia , Comportamento Social , Espanha/etnologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Estados Unidos/etnologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Inhalant use disorder (IUD) is associated with deficits in executive functions (EFs). We described latent profiles of EFs and distribution of neuropsychiatric disorders and patterns of severity of use across these profiles. METHODS: Individuals with IUD were recruited at community-based residential facilities for substance use treatment in Mexico City. Latent profile analysis was conducted with the following tasks: self-ordered pointing, Stroop, Iowa gambling, Wisconsin Card Sorting and Tower of Hanoi. RESULTS: Three latent profiles were extracted from nâ¯=â¯165: lowest performances of inhibition of response and processing speed; lowest performance of self-monitoring, intermediate performance of inhibition of response and relatively spared processing speed; and intermediate performance of processing speed and self-monitoring, and relatively spared inhibition of response. CONCLUSION: Between-group differences were observed mainly for antisocial personality disorder and lifetime suicidal. Findings remark the need for identifying distinct profiles of EFs within these populations to better understand the transdiagnostic heterogeneity of EFs.
Assuntos
Transtorno da Personalidade Antissocial/diagnóstico , Transtorno da Personalidade Antissocial/psicologia , Função Executiva/efeitos dos fármacos , Abuso de Inalantes/diagnóstico , Abuso de Inalantes/psicologia , Testes Neuropsicológicos , Administração por Inalação , Adulto , Transtorno da Personalidade Antissocial/epidemiologia , Função Executiva/fisiologia , Feminino , Jogo de Azar/diagnóstico , Jogo de Azar/epidemiologia , Jogo de Azar/psicologia , Humanos , Abuso de Inalantes/epidemiologia , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Teste de Stroop , Centros de Tratamento de Abuso de Substâncias/tendências , Ideação SuicidaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Although the social and economic consequences of Colombian internal conflicts mainly affected the civilian population, they also had other implications. The ex-combatants, the other side of the conflict, have been the subject of many studies that question their personality structures and antisocial features. Results suggest that ex-combatants usually have characteristics of an antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) that is related with their behaviour. METHODS: Quantitative EEG (qEEG) was used to evaluate differences in cortical activity patterns between an ex-combatants group and a control group. The Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R) was used to assess the presence of ASPD in the ex-combatants group, as well as the Diagnostic Interview for Genetic Studies (DIGS) for other mental disorders classified in the DCI-10. RESULTS: There are significant differences in psychopathy levels between groups, as well as in alpha-2 and beta waves, especially in left temporal and frontal areas for alpha-2 waves and left temporal-central regions for beta waves. CONCLUSIONS: qEEG measurements allow spectral resting potential to be differentiated between groups that are related with features typically involved in antisocial personality disorder, and to correlate them with patterns in the questionnaires and clinical interview.