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INTRODUCTION: The use of machine learning (ML) methods would improve the diagnosis of respiratory changes in systemic sclerosis (SSc). This paper evaluates the performance of several ML algorithms associated with the respiratory oscillometry analysis to aid in the diagnostic of respiratory changes in SSc. We also find out the best configuration for this task. METHODS: Oscillometric and spirometric exams were performed in 82 individuals, including controls (n = 30) and patients with systemic sclerosis with normal (n = 22) and abnormal (n = 30) spirometry. Multiple instance classifiers and different supervised machine learning techniques were investigated, including k-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Random Forests (RF), AdaBoost with decision trees (ADAB), and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGB). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The first experiment of this study showed that the best oscillometric parameter (BOP) was dynamic compliance, which provided moderate accuracy (AUC = 0.77) in the scenario control group versus patients with sclerosis and normal spirometry (CGvsPSNS). In the scenario control group versus patients with sclerosis and altered spirometry (CGvsPSAS), the BOP obtained high accuracy (AUC = 0.94). In the second experiment, the ML techniques were used. In CGvsPSNS, KNN achieved the best result (AUC = 0.90), significantly improving the accuracy in comparison with the BOP (p < 0.01), while in CGvsPSAS, RF obtained the best results (AUC = 0.97), also significantly improving the diagnostic accuracy (p < 0.05). In the third, fourth, fifth, and sixth experiments, different feature selection techniques allowed us to spot the best oscillometric parameters. They resulted in a small increase in diagnostic accuracy in CGvsPSNS (respectively, 0.87, 0.86, 0.82, and 0.84), while in the CGvsPSAS, the best classifier's performance remained the same (AUC = 0.97). CONCLUSIONS: Oscillometric principles combined with machine learning algorithms provide a new method for diagnosing respiratory changes in patients with systemic sclerosis. The present study's findings provide evidence that this combination may help in the early diagnosis of respiratory changes in these patients.
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Diagnóstico por Computador , Aprendizado de Máquina , Oscilometria , Transtornos Respiratórios/complicações , Transtornos Respiratórios/diagnóstico , Escleroderma Sistêmico/complicações , Escleroderma Sistêmico/diagnóstico , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Algoritmos , Inteligência Artificial , Biometria , Computadores , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Espirometria , Adulto JovemAssuntos
Betacoronavirus , Infecções por Coronavirus/etiologia , Serviços de Assistência Domiciliar , Pandemias , Pneumonia Viral/etiologia , Transtornos Respiratórios/terapia , Respiração Artificial/efeitos adversos , COVID-19 , Cuidadores , Criança , Infecções por Coronavirus/prevenção & controle , Infecções por Coronavirus/transmissão , Suscetibilidade a Doenças , Visita Domiciliar , Humanos , Transmissão de Doença Infecciosa do Paciente para o Profissional/prevenção & controle , Pandemias/prevenção & controle , Equipamento de Proteção Individual , Pneumonia Viral/prevenção & controle , Pneumonia Viral/transmissão , Transtornos Respiratórios/complicações , Risco , SARS-CoV-2 , TelemedicinaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Cognitive impairment has emerged as an important concern in clinical practice in aging population. Several comorbid factors contribute to etiopathogenesis; one disease of interest is chronic respiratory disease. AIM: The aim of this study is to investigate the association of chronic respiratory disease with risk of cognitive impairment in older Mexicans. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data were obtained from 2782 Mexicans, aged ≥60 years, enrolled in waves I (2001) and III (2012) of the Mexican Health and Aging Study, a prospective cohort of nationally representative sample of older Mexicans. Participants' self-reported responses were used to categorize them into having respiratory disease or not. Study outcome included participants categorized into "cognitively impaired" or "cognitively normal" groups. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to investigate the relationship. RESULTS: Overall, 16% of cohort participants reported cognitively impaired at Wave III. Compared with older Mexicans without chronic respiratory disease diagnosis, those diagnosed were not significantly associated with risk of cognitive impairment [adjusted odds ratio (OR): 0.94, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.58-1.58]. CONCLUSION: Chronic respiratory disease is not significantly associated with risk of cognitive impairment in older Mexican adults.
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Disfunção Cognitiva/etiologia , Transtornos Respiratórios/complicações , Idoso , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , México , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos ProspectivosRESUMO
Introducción: Los síntomas nocturnos son frecuentes en asmáticos y pueden relacionarse con la gravedad, el grado de control del asma y la función pulmonar. Objetivos: Determinar las características demográficas, clínicas y espirométricas de pacientes asmáticos con síntomas nocturnos, que acuden a consulta externa de neumología. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal en 50 pacientes asmáticos con síntomas nocturnos, atendidos por consulta externa en el Hospital Neumológico Benéfico Jurídico, en el período comprendido de mayo de 2017 a mayo de 2018. Resultados: Predominó el sexo femenino (74,0 por ciento), la edad entre 40 y 59 años (52,0 por ciento), los antecedentes familiares de asma o alergia (60,0 por ciento) y múltiples comorbilidades asociadas (78,0 por ciento). La hipersomnia diurna estuvo presente en 80,0 por ciento de los casos, con una frecuencia significativamente elevada en pacientes con asma persistente moderada y severa, disminución de la reversibilidad aguda al broncodilatador, mal control de la enfermedad y limitación de la actividad física. Conclusiones: Los síntomas nocturnos en los pacientes asmáticos son frecuentes y se relacionan con la hipersomnia diurna, la gravedad del asma, el grado de control, la respuesta al broncodilatador y limitación de la actividad física(AU)
Introduction: Nighttime symptoms are frequent in asthmatics and can be related to severity, degree of asthma control and lung function. Objectives: To determine the demographic, clinical and spirometric characteristics of asthmatic patients with nocturnal symptoms, who go to an outpatient pulmonology clinic. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 50 asthmatic patients with nocturnal symptoms, they were assisted in the outpatient consultation at the Hospital Neumológico Benéfico Jurídico, from May 2017 to May 2018. Results: Female sex (74.0 percent), age ranging 40 and 59 years (52.0 percent), family history of asthma or allergy (60.0 percent) and multiple associated comorbidities (78.0 percent) predominated. Daytime hypersomnia was present in 80.0 percent of cases, with significantly elevated frequency in patients with moderate and severe persistent asthma, decreased acute reversibility to the bronchodilator, poor disease control, and limited physical activity. Conclusions: Nocturnal symptoms in asthmatic patients are frequent and are related to daytime hypersomnia, asthma severity, degree of control, response to the bronchodilator and limitation of physical activity(AU)
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Espirometria/métodos , Estado Asmático/complicações , Distúrbios do Sono por Sonolência Excessiva/etiologia , Narcolepsia/complicações , Transtornos Respiratórios/complicações , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Estudos TransversaisAssuntos
Artéria Gástrica/anormalidades , Mucosa Gástrica/irrigação sanguínea , Hemorragia Gastrointestinal/diagnóstico , Transfusão de Sangue , Endoscopia , Hemorragia Gastrointestinal/etiologia , Hemorragia Gastrointestinal/terapia , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Recém-Nascido Prematuro , Doenças do Prematuro/diagnóstico , Doenças do Prematuro/etiologia , Doenças do Prematuro/terapia , Terapia Intensiva Neonatal , Masculino , Transtornos Respiratórios/complicações , Transtornos Respiratórios/terapiaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory gingival process that has been associated with the severity of respiratory diseases. In Mexico a prevalence of 78% was found in population with social security and > 60 years old. The aim of this study is to establish the association between periodontal disease and respiratory diseases according to the inpatient days. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to December 2011. We included hospitalized patients, ≥ 18 years of age, without sedation or intubated. A dentist classified patients into two groups according to the severity of the periodontal disease: mild-to-moderate and severe. We estimated medians of inpatient days by disease and severity. Negative binomial models were adjusted to estimate incidence rate ratios and predicted inpatient days. RESULTS: 3,059 patients were enrolled. The median of observed and predicted inpatient days was higher in the group of severe periodontal disease (p < 0.05). Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, tuberculosis, and influenza had the highest incidence rates ratios of periodontal disease (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The severity of periodontal disease is positively -associated with inpatient days of patients with respiratory diseases.
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Tempo de Internação/estatística & dados numéricos , Doenças Periodontais/complicações , Transtornos Respiratórios/complicações , Transtornos Respiratórios/epidemiologia , Adulto , Idoso , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doenças Periodontais/epidemiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Severe periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory gingival process associated with systemic diseases. OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of severe periodontal disease and its association with respiratory diseases among hospitalized patients at the Institute of Respiratory Diseases "Ismael Cosio Villegas" (INER) in 2011. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was developed. The severe periodontal disease was diagnosed by the Department of Stomatology. The International Classification of Diseases 10th revision was used. A multinomial logistic was fit to estimate relative-risk. RESULTS: Three thousand and fifty-nine patients were included; 772/3,059 (25.2%) had severe periodontal disease. After controlling for age, sex, inpatient days, death, and socioeconomic status, the infectious respiratory diseases that were significantly associated with severe periodontal disease were: HIV/AIDS (RR: 10.6; 95% CI: 9.1-23.3; p < 0.0001); pneumonia (RR: 2.6; 95% CI: 2.2-5.7; p < 0.0001); pulmonary tuberculosis and its sequels (RR: 2.1; 95% CI: 1.6-4.9; p < 0.0001); and lung abscess (RR: 2.6; 95% CI: 1.6-7.8; p = 0.002). Lung cancer and pleural diseases were also significantly associated with severe periodontal disease. CONCLUSIONS: High prevalence of severe periodontal disease was observed in the different respiratory diseases. Severe periodontal disease was associated with both infectious and non-infectious respiratory diseases. It is important to study an oral health intervention.
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Doenças Periodontais/complicações , Doenças Periodontais/epidemiologia , Transtornos Respiratórios/complicações , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Hospitalização , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Centros de Atenção TerciáriaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: overweight and obesity in adolescents are major public health problems with particular interest, because of their potential association with risk factors for development of diseases. The study aimed to determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity in adolescents in southern Portugal and investigate the association with risk factors for development of cardiovascular, respiratory and musculoskeletal diseases. METHODS: the sample consisted of 966 adolescents aged 10 to 16 years. The calculation of body mass index (BMI), evaluation of blood glucose, total cholesterol and triglycerides, blood pressure, spirometry and application of low back pain (LBP) questionnaire were performed. RESULTS: 178 (18.4%) adolescents were overweight and 52 (5.4%) obese. None of the variables revealed a statistically significant association with overweight and obesity. The presence of high blood pressure was observed in 200 (20.7%) individuals and hypertension in 158 (16.4%) adolescents. Overweight and obese adolescents are 2.3 times more likely to develop signs of pre-hypertension and hypertension. 559 (57.9%) students had restrictive respiratory disorders and 23 (2.4%) had obstructive disorders. Those who were overweight and obese had 0.64 probability of having restrictive respiratory disorders. CONCLUSION: there was a high prevalence of overweight and obesity in Portuguese adolescents and these showed a statistically significant relationship with the development of pre-hypertension and hypertension, and restrictive respiratory disorders.