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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical functioning of the criticism avoidance dimension from the Dimensional Clinical Personality Inventory 2 (Inventário Dimensional Clínico da Personalidade 2 [IDCP-2]), establishing a clinically relevant cut-off for the typical traits of avoidant personality disorder (AvPD) for screening purposes. METHODS: We administered the IDCP-2 to a sample of 2,276 subjects aged 18 to 90 years (mean = 26.95, standard deviation = 9.71). Of the total sample, 1,650 were women (67%) and most were college students (72.7%). The sample was divided into psychiatric patients diagnosed with other personality disorders (PDs) (n = 53), patients diagnosed with AvPD without comorbidities (n = 10), patients with AvPD with comorbidities (n=42) and those without a known diagnosis of PD (nonpsychiatric patients; n=2,171). RESULTS: We checked for psychometric properties, assessed the adequacy of psychometric assumptions, and proceeded to focus analyses. The Wright item-person map showed the predominance of patients with AvPD in high levels of the scale. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) post hoc comparisons pointed to significant and expressive differences for almost all the comparisons; in the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, we observed a sensitivity of 79% and a specificity of 87%. CONCLUSION: We found a suitable cut-off for the dimension, and results suggest that the dimension may help clinicians discriminate between patients with and without high levels in the symptoms of AvPD.

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Abstract Objective: To investigate the clinical functioning of the criticism avoidance dimension from the Dimensional Clinical Personality Inventory 2 (Inventário Dimensional Clínico da Personalidade 2 [IDCP-2]), establishing a clinically relevant cut-off for the typical traits of avoidant personality disorder (AvPD) for screening purposes. Methods: We administered the IDCP-2 to a sample of 2,276 subjects aged 18 to 90 years (mean = 26.95, standard deviation = 9.71). Of the total sample, 1,650 were women (67%) and most were college students (72.7%). The sample was divided into psychiatric patients diagnosed with other personality disorders (PDs) (n = 53), patients diagnosed with AvPD without comorbidities (n = 10), patients with AvPD with comorbidities (n=42) and those without a known diagnosis of PD (nonpsychiatric patients; n=2,171). Results: We checked for psychometric properties, assessed the adequacy of psychometric assumptions, and proceeded to focus analyses. The Wright item-person map showed the predominance of patients with AvPD in high levels of the scale. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) post hoc comparisons pointed to significant and expressive differences for almost all the comparisons; in the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, we observed a sensitivity of 79% and a specificity of 87%. Conclusion: We found a suitable cut-off for the dimension, and results suggest that the dimension may help clinicians discriminate between patients with and without high levels in the symptoms of AvPD.

Resumo Objetivo: Investigar o funcionamento clínico da dimensão evitação a críticas do Inventário Dimensional Clínico da Personalidade 2 (IDCP-2), estabelecendo um ponto de corte relevante para traços típicos do transtorno da personalidade evitativa (avoidant personality disorder - AvPD), para finalidade de triagem. Métodos: Nós aplicamos o IDCP-2 em uma amostra de 2.276 pessoas com idade entre 18 e 90 anos (média=26,95; desvio padrão=9,71). Dessa amostra, 1.650 eram mulheres (67%) e a maioria era de universitários (72,7%). A amostra foi dividida em pacientes psiquiátricos com outros transtornos de personalidade (PD; n = 53), pacientes com AvPD sem comorbidades (n = 10), pacientes com AvPD com comorbidades (n=42) e aqueles sem diagnóstico conhecido de PD (pacientes não psiquiátricos; n=2.171). Resultados: Foram verificadas as propriedades psicométricas, investigando a adequação dos pressupostos psicométricos, e então procedemos às análises principais. O mapa Wright de itens-pessoas mostrou a predominância de pacientes com AvPD nos níveis mais altos da escala. Análises post hoc, pela análise de variância (ANOVA), apontou para diferenças significativas e expressivas para quase todas as comparações; na curva ROC, nós observamos sensibilidade de 79% e especificidade de 87%. Conclusão: Foi encontrado um ponto de corte adequado para a dimensão, e os resultados sugerem que a dimensão pode auxiliar clínicos a discriminar pacientes com elevação nos traços do AvPD de pacientes sem elevação nesses traços.

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Durante el proceso de envejecimiento se producen una serie de cambios que a veces pueden sorprender desfavorablemente a aquellos individuos más frágiles. La pérdida de la continuidad identitaria constituye uno de los retos más significativos de los muchos que se presentan en la vejez y puede ocasionar imprevisibles consecuencias, entre las cuales la tentativa de suicidio aparecería como una manera última y desesperada de recuperar el control perdido. La vejez trae aparejados diversos cambios, que no son vividos de igual manera por todos; la característica de cada pérdida o de cada alteración determinará la repercusión en cada uno; por eso, poder comprenderlos en esta vivencia nos permite abrirnos hacia un nuevo entendimiento de esta etapa de la vida. A través de ella analizaremos tres historias de personas que perdieron en el camino aquello que las definía como seres humanos. (AU)

During the aging process several changes occur that may surprise unfavorably those who are more fragile. One of the most significant challenges that occur in the elderly is related with the lost of the previous identity which can lead to unforeseeable consequences, where the suicide attempt may seem to be the last and the most desperate way to regain control. Old age involves various changes and losses which will be experienced differently by every person according to their one personality and life story. To be able to fully comprehend this process will allow us to understand this stage of life in each singularity. In this article we will analyze three life stories illustrating people who lost the meaning of what defined them as human beings. (AU)

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El diagnóstico de los trastornos temporomandibulares es un tema muy controvertido dentro del campo de la salud, desde una perspectiva psicológica son muy escasas las referencias en este sentido, sobretodo las enfocadas a analizar los niveles de ansiedad en estos pacientes. En los últimos años se han realizado diferentes investigaciones que validan la inclusión de factores psicológicos como parte de la etiología del diagnóstico, dentro de los factorespsíquicos más asociados se presentan la ansiedad como rasgo y la ansiedad como estado. El propósito de este trabajo es presentar una revisión sobre la relación existente entre los niveles de ansiedad y los trastornos temporomandibulares.

The diagnosis of temporomandibulardisorders is very controversial within the fieldof health issue, from a psychological perspectiveare very few references in this regard,especially focused on analyzing anxiety levelsin these patients. In recent years there have beenvarious studies that validate the inclusionof psychological factors as part of the etiology,diagnosis, within the psychological factorsmost associated trait anxiety and state anxietyas presented. The purpose of this paper is topresent a review of the relationship betweenanxiety levels and temporomandibular disorders.

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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effectiveness of aromatherapy massage using the essential oils (0.5%) of Lavandula angustifolia and Pelargonium graveolens for anxiety reduction in patients with personality disorders during psychiatric hospitalization. METHOD: Uncontrolled clinical trial with 50 subjects submitted to six massages with aromatherapy, performed on alternate days, on the cervical and the posterior thoracic regions. Vital data (heart and respiratory rate) were collected before and after each session and an anxiety scale (Trait Anxiety Inventory-State) was applied at the beginning and end of the intervention. The results were statistically analyzed with the chi square test and paired t test. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant decrease (p < 0.001) of the heart and respiratory mean rates after each intervention session, as well as in the inventory score. CONCLUSION: Aromatherapy has demonstrated effectiveness in anxiety relief, considering the decrease of heart and respiratory rates in patients diagnosed with personality disorders during psychiatric hospitalization.

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OBJECTIVE To investigate the effectiveness of aromatherapy massage using the essential oils (0.5%) of Lavandula angustifolia and Pelargonium graveolens for anxiety reduction in patients with personality disorders during psychiatric hospitalization. METHOD Uncontrolled clinical trial with 50 subjects submitted to six massages with aromatherapy, performed on alternate days, on the cervical and the posterior thoracic regions. Vital data (heart and respiratory rate) were collected before and after each session and an anxiety scale (Trait Anxiety Inventory-State) was applied at the beginning and end of the intervention. The results were statistically analyzed with the chi square test and paired t test. RESULTS There was a statistically significant decrease (p < 0.001) of the heart and respiratory mean rates after each intervention session, as well as in the inventory score. CONCLUSION Aromatherapy has demonstrated effectiveness in anxiety relief, considering the decrease of heart and respiratory rates in patients diagnosed with personality disorders during psychiatric hospitalization. .

OBJETIVO Investigar la efectividad del masaje con aromaterapia utilizando aceites esenciales de Lavandula angustifolia y Pelargonium graveolens (0,5%) para la disminución de la ansiedad de pacientes con Trastornos de Personalidad durante la estancia en hospital psiquiátrico. MÉTODO Ensayo clínico no controlado con 50 sujetos sometidos a seis masajes con aromaterapia, realizados en días alternados, en la región cervical y torácica posterior. Fueron recogidos datos vitales (frecuencias cardiaca y respiratoria) antes y después de cada sesión y se aplicó una escala sobre ansiedad (Inventario de Ansiedad Estado-Rasgo), en el inicio y término de la intervención. Los resultados fueron analizados estadísticamente mediante la prueba t pareada y de chi cuadrado. RESULTADOS Hubo disminución estadísticamente significativa (p<0,001) de los promedios de las frecuencias cardiaca y respiratoria tras cada sesión de intervención, así como en el puntaje del inventario. CONCLUSIÓN La aromaterapia demostró ser efectiva en el alivio de la ansiedad, considerando la reducción de las frecuencias cardiaca y respiratoria en pacientes diagnosticados con trastornos de la personalidad durante la hospitalización psiquiátrica. .

OBJETIVO Investigar a efetividade da massagem com aromaterapia utilizando óleos essenciais de Lavandula angustifolia e Pelargonium graveolens (0,5%) para diminuição da ansiedade de pacientes com Transtornos de Personalidade durante a internação psiquiátrica. MÉTODO Ensaio clínico não controlado com 50 sujeitos submetidos a seis massagens com aromaterapia, realizadas em dias alternados, na região cervical e torácica posterior. Foram coletados dados vitais (frequências cardíaca e respiratória) antes e após cada sessão e foi aplicada uma escala sobre ansiedade (Inventário de Ansiedade Traço-Estado), no início e término da intervenção. Os resultados foram analisados estatisticamente com o teste t pareado e qui-quadrado. RESULTADOS Houve diminuição estatisticamente significativa (p<0,001) das médias das frequências cardíaca e respiratória após cada sessão da intervenção, assim como na pontuação do inventário. CONCLUSÃO A aromaterapia demonstrou ser efetiva no alívio da ansiedade, considerando a diminuição das frequências cardíaca e respiratória em pacientes diagnosticados com transtornos da personalidade durante a internação psiquiátrica. .

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Personality disorders are common in nonpsychotic siblings of patients with schizophrenia, and some personality traits in this group may be associated with an increased risk for full-blown psychosis. We sought to establish if faulty right-hemisphere activation induced by social cognitive tasks, as previously described in patients with schizophrenia, is associated with specific personality symptoms in their unaffected siblings. We observed that cluster B personality symptoms in this group were inversely related to activation in the right temporo parietal junction (rTPJ, a structure critical in social cognitive processing) in response to a basic emotion processing task and also to social competence, whereas in contrast to our initial hypothesis, cluster A traits were not associated with right hemisphere activation during emotion processing or with social competence. These findings suggest the existence of clinical traits in at-risk individuals which share a common neurobiological substrate with schizophrenia, in regards to social performance.

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The aim of the current study was to compare personality traits, presence of oral myofunctional dysfunctions, and other parafunctional habits in bruxing and nonbruxing children. Fifty-four patients aged 10 to 15 years were seen at the Comprehensive Pediatric Dental Clinic and examined by dentists using the RDC/TMD; speech therapists and psychologists were included in the study. Patients were divided into two groups: bruxing (A) and nonbruxing (B). Mean age was 13.1 years, S.D. 1.6. No significant differences in age or gender were found between groups. Group A comprised 44.44% of the population and showed a high frequency of middle conscientiousness scores and low frequency of low neuroticism scores. Presence of TMD, unilateral chewing, and high tongue tip position at rest were all significantly higher. Frequency of oral habits was higher in bruxers, who showed significantly increased gum chewing, and lip, cheek, and object biting compared to nonbruxing controls. Bruxism is considered a risk factor for temporomandibular dysfunction (TMD).

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INTRODUCTION: Several lines of evidence have well established a relationship between Bipolar Disorder and Cluster B Personality Disorders. The study compares mood spectrum and temperamental symptoms, personality traits and clinical characteristics among outpatients (n = 63) diagnosed with major depression (MD), bipolar disorder (BD), cluster B personality disorders (PD-B) and comorbidity of BD + PD-B. METHOD: The diagnosis was determined with structured interviews (MINI and SCID II) and symptom assessments with evaluation and diagnostic instruments (MOODS-SR, BI, TEMPS-A and IPDE). Differences between groups were explored with post hoc analysis and analysis of variance. RESULTS: Patients with BD+PD-B comorbidity presented an earlier onset and more severity in suicide attempts, hospitalizations and self-harm behaviors. They showed more characteristics of cyclothymic and irritable temperament and more cluster A and B personality traits, than patients with BD only. PD-B patients obtained intermediate scores in manic like symptoms: higher than patients with depression and lower than patients with bipolar disorder. However, the Bipolarity Index clearly distinguished patients with BD or with comorbidity (BD+PD-B) from the other diagnostic groups (PD-B and MD). CONCLUSIONS: BD+PD-B comorbidity presents a more severe type of emotional dysregulation compared to the other diagnostic groups, including BD and PD-B alone. Assessing temperament, personality traits, emotional dysregulation in mania and depression, self-harm and hospitalizations severity and age onset could facilitate differential diagnosis and enhance effectiveness of treatments for BD, PD-B and their comorbidity.

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Differences in pathological personality traits and disturbances in brain metabolites between non consumers, abstinent and non abstinent consumers were assessed. Participants (n=113) aged between 18-45 years with personality disorder (PD) were diagnosed with clinical interview and scales for depression, anxiety, impulsivity and dimensions of personality pathology. Brain metabolites were analyzed with magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Data were analyzed with ANOVA and multiple comparisons. Abstinent and non-abstinent differentiated from non-consumers in emotional deregulation, inhibition, and restricted expression; abstinent and non-abstinent differentiated from each other in self-aggression, dissocial behaviour, conduct disorder, stimulus seeking and intimacy problems. N-Acetyl Aspartate and creatine values were lower between non-abstinent in prefrontal, anterior cingulate cortex, cerebellar vermis and superior corona radiata. For abstinent, choline levels were greater in cerebellar vermis and n-acetyl aspartate were lower in dorso-lateral prefrontal and anterior cingulated cortex and insula. Regarding personality traits, insecure attachment, narcissism, lability, self-aggression and anxiety characterize consumers and abstinent, while suspiciousness, rejection and character hardness are found in consumers (non-abstinent and abstinent). Compulsive traits, unplanned body impulsiveness and lack of control in emotional regulation predominated in non-abstinent and participants with co-morbidities. Detachment and inhibition predominate in alcohol abuse disorder and narcissistic traits in substance abuse.

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