RESUMO
The Inventory of Depression and Anxiety Symptoms-Expanded version (IDAS-II) is one of the few tools designed to assess internalizing symptoms based on dimensional models. We conducted two studies, the first testing internal validity aspects of the IDAS-II and the second testing the external validity of the scales. In the first study we adapted the IDAS-II to Brazilian Portuguese and tested its internal structure, including a higher order factorial solution coherent with the internalizing spectrum, the stability of the factor structure, and its measurement invariance for sex and racial groups. Participants were 2,379 Brazilian adults. In the second study, we investigated the IDAS-II scales' associations with broad pathological personality traits in Brazilian (N = 245) and North American (N = 402) samples. The results of the first study indicated that the IDAS-II scales are grouped into three first-order factors (Distress, Obsessions/Fear, and Positive Mood), replicating Wester et al. (2022) and Petre et al. (2023). Our results also suggested the plausibility of an internalizing second-order factor for the IDAS-II Brazilian version. The multigroup confirmatory factor analysis shows that this scale is invariant for males and females and for White and Black/Brown people. In the second study, the IDAS-II scales demonstrated mostly coherent associations with broad domains of pathological personality traits. Besides the internal validity of the Brazilian IDAS-II, our results also provide information about its external validity and expand its nomological network, as it is the first study reporting its associations with broad domains of pathological personality traits. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
Assuntos
Ansiedade , Psicometria , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Brasil , Adulto , Adulto Jovem , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Ansiedade/psicologia , Ansiedade/diagnóstico , Depressão/psicologia , Depressão/diagnóstico , Escalas de Graduação Psiquiátrica/normas , Fatores Sexuais , Análise Fatorial , Transtornos da Personalidade/diagnóstico , Transtornos da Personalidade/psicologia , Adolescente , Transtornos de Ansiedade/diagnóstico , Transtornos de Ansiedade/psicologia , Idoso , Inventário de PersonalidadeRESUMO
Este artigo pretende verificar a quantidade de pesquisas publicadas no mundo nos últimos cinco anos e sua predição para com o comportamento humano. Foram encontrados 75 artigos nas bases de dados Scielo, Medline e Lilacs, a través de uma busca utilizando descritores em português e na língua inglesa no Portal Periódicos.capes. Os resultados apontaramque os estudos encontrados tiveram relação aos transtornos da personalidade, referindode forma direta a comportamentos relacionados aos esquemas desadaptativos como preditores dos transtornos da personalidade. Outros temas considerados foram o suicídio, o divórcio, a violência conjugal, patologias orgânicas e/ou dor crônica, a parentalidade,comportamentos erráticos, saúde e validação de escalas. Conclui-se que esta revisão tem sua importância na análise criteriosa dos estudos sobre os EIDs e sua relação com a personalidade, já que a teoria cognitiva traz a priori que os comportamentos disfuncionais estão relacionados com os Esquemas Iniciais Desadaptativos AU
Este artículo tiene como objetivo verificar la cantidad de investigaciones publicadas en el mundo en los últimos cinco años y su predicción para el comportamiento humano. Se encontraron un total de 75 artículos en las bases de datos Scielo, Medline y Lilacs, a través de una búsqueda con descriptores en portugués e inglés en el Portal Periódicos.capes. Los resultados mostraron que los estudios encontrados estaban relacionados con los trastornos de personalidad, refiriéndose directamente a conductas relacionadas con esquemas desadaptativos como predictores de trastornos de personalidad. Otros temas considerados fueron suicidio, divorcio, violencia conyugal, patologías orgánicas y/o dolor crónico, crianza, comportamiento errático, salud y validación de escalas. Se concluye que esta revisión es importante en el análisis cuidadoso de los estudios sobre las EID y su relación con la personalidad, ya que la teoría cognitiva muestra a priori que las conductas disfuncionales están relacionadas con los Esquemas Desadaptativos Iniciales AU
This article aims to verify the amount of research published in the world in the last five years and its prediction for human behavior. A total of 75 articles were found in the Scielo, Medline and Lilacs databases, through a search using descriptors in Portuguese and English on the Portal Periódicos.capes. The results showed that the studies found were related topersonality disorders, referring directly to behaviors related to maladaptive schemas as predictors of personality disorders. Other topics considered were suicide, divorce, marital violence, organic pathologies and/or chronic pain, parenting, erratic behavior, health and validation of scales. It is concluded that this review is important in the careful analysis of studies on EIDs and their relationship with personality, since the cognitive theory shows a priori that dysfunctional behaviors arerelated to Initial Maladaptive Schemas AU
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Transtornos da Personalidade/psicologia , Suicídio , Transtornos de Adaptação/psicologia , Comportamento Problema/psicologia , Terapia Cognitivo-Comportamental , Experiências Adversas da InfânciaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of defense mechanisms at baseline on depressive symptoms after brief psychotherapies and after 6-months of follow-up among depressed patients with and without cluster B personality disorders (PDs). METHODS: This quasi-experimental study nested within a randomized clinical trial included a clinical sample of adults (18-60 years) diagnosed with major depressive disorder using the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview. The Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III was applied to assess PD, the Defense Style Questionnaire 40 was used to analyze defense mechanisms, and the Beck Depression Inventory was used to measure the severity of depressive symptoms. Adjusted analysis was performed by linear regression. RESULTS: The final sample consisted of 177 patients diagnosed with major depressive disorder, of whom 39.5% had cluster B PDs. Immature defenses at baseline significantly predicted the persistence of depressive symptoms at post-intervention and at 6-months of follow-up only in patients with PDs. CONCLUSION: In depressed patients with cluster B PDs, immature defenses predicted a poor response to brief therapies. The assessment of immature defenses at baseline can help identify patients at greater risk of poor therapeutic results and enable more appropriate treatment choices.
Assuntos
Transtorno Depressivo Maior , Humanos , Adulto , Transtorno Depressivo Maior/terapia , Transtorno Depressivo Maior/diagnóstico , Transtornos da Personalidade/psicologia , Psicoterapia , Escalas de Graduação Psiquiátrica , Mecanismos de DefesaRESUMO
Despite the prevalence of personality disorders (PD) and their association with several harmful health outcomes, previous reports found a low number of studies on PDs conducted in Brazil. We conducted a narrative review to investigate the current state of research in Brazil focusing on PDs. The search was performed in BVS-Psi, PePSIC, and Google Scholar databases. We focused on papers published in Brazilian journals as a criterion to select studies conducted in Brazil and/or coordinated by Brazilian researchers. A total of 177 papers were included. Approximately 60% of papers were empirical studies, although only 47.17% of them had clinical samples. Borderline and Antisocial were the most recurrently investigated PDs. Two scales were usually administered, IDCP and PID-5. SCID-II was administered in less than 5% of empirical studies. We proposed an agenda for research on PDs in Brazil, including guidelines and directions eminently urgent to the studies to be conducted in Brazil. (AU)
Apesar da prevalência dos transtornos da personalidade (TP) e a associação com diversas consequências prejudiciais, estudos prévios encontraram um número escasso de pesquisas conduzidas no Brasil. Nós conduzimos uma revisão narrativa para investigar o estado atual de pesquisas no Brasil com foco em TP. A busca foi realizada nas bases BVS-Psi, PePSIC e Google Acadêmico. Nós focamos em artigos publicados em periódicos brasileiros como critério para seleção de estudos conduzidos no Brasil e/ou coordenados por pesquisadores brasileiros. No total, 177 artigos foram selecionados. Aproximadamente 60% eram estudos empíricos, embora apenas 47.17% destes, incluíram amostras clínicas. Os TPs mais investigados foram Borderline e Antissocial. As duas escalas mais aplicadas foram o IDCP e o PID-5. A SCID-II foi aplicada em menos de 5% dos estudos empíricos. Nós propomos uma agenda para pesquisas sobre TP no Brasil, incluindo diretrizes e direções urgentes para estudos a serem conduzidos no Brasil. (AU)
A pesar de la prevalencia de los trastornos de la personalidad (TP) y su asociación con varias consecuencias nocivas, estudios previos han encontrado un escaso número de estudios realizados en Brasil. Se realizó una revisión narrativa para pesquisar el estado actual de la investigación en Brasil con un enfoque en el TP. La búsqueda se realizó en las bases de datos BVS-Psi, PePSIC, y Google Scholar. Priorizando artículos publicados en revistas brasileñas como criterio de selección de los estudios realizados en Brasil y/o coordinados por investigadores brasileños. En total, 177 artículos fueron seleccionados. Aproximadamente el 60% fueron estudios empíricos, aunque solo el 47.17% de estos incluyeron muestras clínicas. Los TP más investigados fueron Borderline y Antisocial. Las dos escalas más aplicadas fueron el IDCP y el PID-5. La SCID-I se aplicó en menos del 5% de los estudios empíricos. Se propuso una agenda para la investigación sobre TP en Brasil, incluyendo las directrices y orientaciones eminentemente urgentes a los estudios que se llevarán a cabo. (AU)
Assuntos
Transtornos da Personalidade/psicologia , Publicações Periódicas como Assunto , Transtorno da Personalidade Borderline/psicologia , Brasil , Bases de Dados Bibliográficas , Transtorno da Personalidade Antissocial/psicologiaRESUMO
We aimed to investigate relationships between Facebook problematic use (Facebook PU) and pathological traits of personality, by a systematic review. The literature search was proceeded based on a search strategy including the keywords "Facebook", "problematic use" and "personality". We found a total of 236 publications and selected 21 papers for full verification. All of them were excluded, characterizing an empty review. As an attempt to increase the probability of finding eligible publications, first, we have broadened the search of the systematic review from "Facebook" to "social network sites" (and variations); and then from "social network sites" to "internet". Regarding this last change, the final set of publications after full reading based on the eligibility criteria was composed by 15 papers. We emphasize that there was no empirical evidence on the relationship between Facebook PU and pathological traits of personality. Given the proximity between Facebook PU and internet addiction, it is possible to hypothesize that there is a relationship between pathological traits (i.e., Neuroticism, Impulsivity, and Psychoticism) and Facebook PU. (AU)
Resumo O objetivo desse estudo foi investigar as relações entre o uso problemático do Facebook (Facebook PU) e traços patológicos, por meio de uma revisão sistemática. Os descritores foram "Facebook", "uso problemático" e "personalidade", e variações foram incluídas. Foi encontrado um total de 236 publicações. Entre elas, 21 foram selecionadas para leitura completa e todas foram excluídas, o que caracterizou o trabalho como uma empty review. Como uma tentativa de aumentar a probabilidade de encontrar publicações elegíveis, foi ampliado a busca para "internet". O conjunto final de publicações após a leitura completa com base nos critérios de elegibilidade foi composto por 15 artigos. Ressalta-se que não há evidência empírica sobre a relação entre o Facebook PU e traços patológicos. Dada a proximidade entre o Facebook PU e a dependência da internet, é possível supor que existe uma relação entre traços patológicos (isto é, neuroticismo, impulsividade e psicoticismo) e o Facebook PU. (AU)
Resumen El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar las relaciones entre el uso problemático de Facebook (Facebook PU) y los rasgos patológicos de la personalidad, a través de una revisión sistemática. La búsqueda bibliográfica incluyó los descriptores "Facebook", "uso problemático", "personalidad" y variaciones. Se encontró un total de 236 publicaciones, de las cuales, 21 fueron seleccionadas para la verificación completa, a pesar de que todos fueron excluidos, lo que caracterizó el trabajo como una revisión vacía. En un intento de aumentar la probabilidad de encontrar publicaciones elegibles, se amplió las palabras claves a "sitios de redes sociales" (y variaciones); y luego a "internet". El conjunto final de publicaciones después de la lectura completa basada en los criterios de elegibilidad consistió en 15 artículos. Cabe enfatizar que no hubo evidencias empíricas sobre la relación entre el Facebook PU y los rasgos patológicos. Dada la proximidad entre Facebook PU y la adicción a Internet, es posible suponer que existe una relación entre los rasgos patológicos (i.e., neuroticismo, impulsividad y psicoticismo) y Facebook PU. (AU)
Assuntos
Transtornos da Personalidade/psicologia , Rede Social , Transtorno de Adição à Internet/psicologia , Base de Dados , Agressão/psicologia , Neuroticismo , Comportamento ImpulsivoRESUMO
Violence committed by individuals with severe mental disorders has become a growing focus of interest among physicians, law enforcement officials, and the general population. Homicide involving relatives, specially parricide, matricide, and filicide, despite the relatively low incidence of these crimes, may be enigmatic, so forensic psychiatrist are frequently called on the courts to answer questions about insanity and criminal responsibility. The current study aims to describe Brazilian cases of parricide, matricide, and filicide associated with presence of major mental disorders and personality disorders, discussing the assessment of criminal responsibility in each case. The case series described were specifically related to people with mental illness, as bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and borderline personality with comorbidity of drug abuse. Two of them were considered not guilty by reason of insanity, and the other one was considered partially criminally responsible, according to Brazilian Law and Forensic Psychiatric Reports of the cases. The justice determined compulsory psychiatric treatment for all of them. The question of criminal responsibility of individuals with mental disorders is challenging for criminal justice, psychiatry, and society. Adequate treatment is mandatory to prevent crimes involving mental disorders, as shown in literature. The verification of criminal responsibility is essential for persons' adequate referral in any system of criminal law, thus protecting human rights and referring those who need psychiatric treatment.
Assuntos
Homicídio/legislação & jurisprudência , Homicídio/psicologia , Transtornos Mentais/psicologia , Núcleo Familiar , Transtornos da Personalidade/psicologia , Adulto , Brasil , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
Reflete-se acerca de certas características do sujeito contemporâneo e de sua grave deficiência de ser. Compreendido como entidade que habita no entroncamento de dois mundos, o interno e o externo, ele é, neste espaço, um terceiro hoje fragmentado pela lógica pós-moderna. Discute-se algumas questões relativas à condição de um sujeito narcisista atravessado pelos ditames da cultura atual (AU)
This article brings a reflection about the contemporary subject and its severe deficiency of being. Thought as an entity that inhabits the crossroad of two worlds, internal and external, it is in this third space a third one fragmented by post-modern logic. Some aspects are discussed regarding the condition of a narcissistic subject crossed by the dictates of current culture (AU)
Se reflexiona acerca de ciertas características del sujeto contemporáneo y su grave deficiencia de ser. Comprendido como entidad que habita en el cruce de dos mundos, el interno y el externo, él es un tercero en este espacio hoy fragmentado por la lógica posmoderna. Se discute algunas cuestiones relacionadas a la condición de un sujeto narcisista cruzado por dictámenes de la cultura actual (AU)
Assuntos
Transtornos da Personalidade/psicologia , Fatores Sociológicos , Pós-Modernismo , NarcisismoRESUMO
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review explores recent literature on the applicability of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5) and International Classification of Disease, 11th Revision (ICD-11) personality disorder classification systems across countries and cultural contexts. RECENT FINDINGS: Several studies examining the cultural validity and utility of DSM-5 and ICD-11 personality disorder have been conducted in a number of language and cultural groups that are different from those in which the tools were originally developed. These studies, using quantitative methods, have largely supported the applicability of the new dimensional and trait approaches to classifying personal disorders. Studies qualitatively exploring the views of service users and clinicians on the development or operationalization of DSM-5 and ICD-11 personality disorder report that a lay summary of diagnostic constructs thatreflect concern about language of diagnostic criteria as well the lived experience of service users would be found useful. Clinicians found the dimensional system of ICD-11 slightly more useful than the categorical system of ICD-10 on several utility scales, but the studies on ICD-11 have been much less in view of its latter appearance. SUMMARY: DSM-5 and ICD-11 personality disorder have shown a preliminary evidence of improved utility across cultures. More studies, including those reflecting the views of service users, are needed to confirm this early observation across many more cultural and linguistic groups.
Assuntos
Comparação Transcultural , Manual Diagnóstico e Estatístico de Transtornos Mentais , Classificação Internacional de Doenças , Transtornos da Personalidade/diagnóstico , Transtornos da Personalidade/psicologia , Argélia , Brasil , Europa (Continente) , Humanos , Personalidade , Projetos de Pesquisa , Singapura , Estados UnidosRESUMO
Childhood adversities are linked with mental health problems throughout the life course, including personality pathology. Less is known about consequences in the next generation, particularly in non-Western populations. In the Barbados Nutrition Study, we assessed associations of two parental (G1) childhood adversities- (1) maltreatment history using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF), and (2) clinically ascertained infant malnutrition limited to the first year of life-on PD symptoms in their G2 offspring, using NEO FFM PD prototypes. In linear regression models clustered by family and adjusted for other G1 childhood adversities and family socioeconomic status, we found that G1 parental history of childhood maltreatment was significantly associated with increased G2 offspring Borderline, Histrionic, Narcissistic, and Dependent PD scores. When G1 childhood malnutrition was the exposure of interest, we found a significant association with Schizoid PD scores. When the sample was restricted to offspring of G1 mothers, even more extensive associations with G2 personality pathology were observed. This study supports a link between parental exposure to childhood adversities and increased personality maladaptivity in the next generation, with some specific patterns worthy of further exploration.
Assuntos
Sobreviventes Adultos de Maus-Tratos Infantis/psicologia , Experiências Adversas da Infância/psicologia , Maus-Tratos Infantis/psicologia , Desnutrição/psicologia , Pais/psicologia , Transtornos da Personalidade/etiologia , Adulto , Barbados , Criança , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Mães/psicologia , Personalidade , Transtornos da Personalidade/psicologia , Classe Social , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
This study aimed to develop a specific version of the Dimensional Clinical Personality Inventory 2 (IDCP-2), focused on the assessment of avoidant personality disorder (AvPD) according to the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP). First, we developed the IDCP-Av, composed of one new factor and four factors from the IDCP-2. A total of 436 adults completed this, and two external measures (PID-5 and FFAvA). The IDCP-Av factors and its total score presented high reliability. Correlations and group comparisons were coherent, corroborating expectations. Favorable evidence was observed for the use of the IDCP-Av for the measurement of AvPD, although future studies should replicate the findings in samples composed of patients.(AU)
O objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver uma versão específica do Inventário Dimensional Clínico da Personalidade 2 (IDCP-2), focada na avaliação do transtorno da personalidade evitativo (TPE) de acordo com o Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP). Primeiro foi desenvolvido o IDCP-Av, composto por um novo fator e quatro fatores do IDCP-2. 436 adultos responderam-no, além de medidas externas (PID-5 e FFAvA). Os fatores do IDCP-Av e o escore total apresentaram alta precisão. Correlações e comparações entre grupos foram coerentes e corroboraram as expectativas. Evidências favoráveis foram observadas para o uso do IDCP-Av para avaliação do TPE, embora futuros estudos devem tentar replicar os achados em amostras compostas por pacientes.(AU)
El objetivo de este estudio fue desarrollar una versión específica del Inventario Dimensional Clínico de la Personalidad 2 (IDCP-2), centrado en la evaluación del trastorno de la personalidad evitativa (TPE) de acuerdo con el Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP). Primeramente se desarrolló el IDCP-Av, compuesto por un nuevo factor y por cuatro factores del IDCP-2. 436 adultos lo contestaron juntamente con medidas externas (PID-5 y FFAvA). Los factores IDCP-Av y su puntuación total presentaron una alta fiabilidad. Las correlaciones y las comparaciones de los grupos fueron coherentes, corroborando con las expectativas. Se observaron evidencias favorables para el uso del AvPD-Av para evaluar el TPE. Sin embargo, estudios posteriores deberían replicar los hallazgos presentes en muestras compuestas por pacientes.(AU)