RESUMO
Introducción: La identificación de los síntomas o sus combinaciones con un alto valor predictivo para la enfermedad, es una estrategia crucial para el control de las enfermedades transmisibles. Las alteraciones en el olfato y el gusto han surgido como síntomas de alta prevalencia y un confiable predictor temprano de la enfermedad. El objetivo de este estudio fue caracterizar la prevalencia de las alteraciones del gusto y del olfato en pacientes con antecedente de infección por SARS-CoV-2 en la población colombiana. Materiales y métodos: estudio descriptivo de corte transversal. Se realizó una encuesta telefónica y electrónica a pacientes adultos con antecedente de infección por SARS-CoV-2 confirmado por PCR. Resultados: se incluyeron 182 pacientes en el estudio. El 59% manifestó alteraciones del olfato y 54% alteraciones del gusto. De estos, el 77% y 82%, respectivamente, presentaron mejoría de sus síntomas. El 14% de los participantes percibió las alteraciones del olfato antes del inicio de otros síntomas de COVID-19. El 9% reportó que la alteración del olfato fue el único síntoma de la infección. Para el gusto, 8% informó que fue el primer síntoma de COVID-19, mientras que el 6% reportó que fue el único síntoma. Conclusiones: las alteraciones del gusto y del olfato son síntomas de alta prevalencia en pacientes con infección por COVID-19 y en algunos casos pueden ser el síntoma de presentación de la infección o el único síntoma de la infección
Introduction: Identifying symptoms or symptom combinations with a high predictive value for diagnosing a disease is a crucial strategy for controlling transmissible diseases. Smell and taste alterations have been identified as highly prevalent symptoms of COVID-19 and have been used as a reliable early predictor of the disease. The objective in this study was characterizing the prevalence of smell and taste alterations in patients with COVID-19 in the Colombian population. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional, descriptive study. A telephonic and electronic survey was applied to adult patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed by PCR. Results: 182 patients were included. 59% presented with smell alterations and 54% with taste symptoms. Among these patients, 77% and 82% respectively perceived symptomatic improvement. 14% of patients presented smell alterations before the onset of other COVID-19 symptoms. 9% reported smell alterations to be the only symptom of the disease. 8% of patients perceived taste alterations as a first symptom and 6% reported it to be the only symptom of the disease. Conclusion: Taste and smell alterations are highly prevalent symptoms in Colombian patients with Covid-19 and in some cases they can be the either the first or the only perceived symptoms of the disease.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Adulto Jovem , Distúrbios do Paladar/epidemiologia , COVID-19/complicações , Transtornos do Olfato/epidemiologia , Distúrbios do Paladar/virologia , Prevalência , Estudos Transversais , Octogenários , Transtornos do Olfato/virologiaRESUMO
Introducción: la enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) es una enfermedad pandémica, que ha causado más de seis millones de muertes en todo el mundo. El cuadro clínico de la infección puede variar en función de la gravedad de la enfermedad y suele incluir síntomas generales, otorrinolaringológicos y neurológicos. Objetivo: proporcionar una revisión narrativa de la literatura científica sobre el diagnóstico clínico y tratamiento de la disfunción olfatoria relacionada con COVID-19. Resultados: la disfunción olfatoria definida como la capacidad reducida o distorsionada de oler al inhalar (olfato ortonasal) o al comer (olfato retronasal), a menudo se informa en casos leves o incluso asintomáticos. La prevalencia de la disfunción olfatoria puede variar con respecto al entorno clínico, con tasas de pérdida total del olfato hasta del 70 % en pacientes con COVID-19 leve. Además, hasta la fecha existen pocos artículos que evalúen prospectivamente las tasas de recuperación de la disfunción olfatoria en pacientes con COVID-19. Conclusión: COVID-19 se asocia con disfunción olfatoria en diversos pacientes. Se requiere una investigación activa y colaborativa para delinear la historia natural y el manejo apropiado de la disfunción olfatoria en esta virulenta enfermedad. Mientras tanto, el diagnóstico y los tratamientos dirigidos como el entrenamiento olfatorio pueden ser útiles en la disfunción olfatoria relacionada con COVID-19.
Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 is a pandemic disease that has caused more than six million deaths worldwide. The clinical picture of the infection can vary depending on the severity of the disease and usually includes general, ENT and neurological symptoms. Objective: To provide a narrative review of the scientific literature on the clinical diagnosis and treatment of olfactory dysfunction related to coronavirus disease 2019. Results: Olfactory dysfunction defined as the reduced or distorted ability to smell when inhaling (orthonasal smell) or when eating (postnasal smell), is often reported in mild or even asymptomatic cases. The prevalence of olfactory dysfunction can vary with respect to the clinical setting, with rates of total loss of smell as high as 70% in patients with mild coronavirus disease 2019. In addition, to date there is a paucity of articles prospectively evaluating recovery rates of olfactory dysfunction in patients with coronavirus disease 2019. Conclusion: Coronavirus disease 2019 is associated with olfactory dysfunction in various patients. Active and collaborative research is required to delineate the natural history and appropriate management of olfactory dysfunction in this virulent disease. In the meantime, diagnosis and targeted treatments such as olfactory training may be helpful in olfactory dysfunction related to coronavirus disease 2019.
Assuntos
Humanos , COVID-19/complicações , Transtornos do Olfato/virologia , SARS-CoV-2 , Transtornos do Olfato/diagnóstico , Transtornos do Olfato/terapiaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: In patients with COVID-19, olfactory dysfunction and anosmia have been reported, which in pregnant women occur in up to 24.2 %. OBJECTIVE: To know the frequency at which pregnant women with SARS-CoV-2 infection have olfactory dysfunction. METHODS: Age, gestational age, temperature, presence of nasal constipation or rhinorrhea, myalgia, headache, cough or chest pain were asked. Whether patients perceived and identified the scent of grape juice, coffee powder and menthol was evaluated. Central tendency and dispersion measures, frequencies and percentages were used. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value were calculated. Mann-Whitney's U-test and contrast of proportions were used for comparisons between groups. RESULTS: There was a higher proportion of women with cough, headache, dyspnea, myalgia, odynophagia, rhinorrhea, chest pain, and anosmia in SARS-CoV-2-positive women. In patients without COVID-19, 88.9 % detected each one of the scents; only 31.8 % of the positive group detected grapes scent, 47.7 % coffee and 59.1 % menthol, which had the highest percentages of sensitivity (40 %), specificity (21 %), positive predictive value (59 %) and negative predictive value (11 %). CONCLUSION: Olfactory dysfunction occurs in a significant percentage of pregnant women with COVID-19.
INTRODUCCIÓN: En pacientes con COVID-19 se ha reportado disfunción olfatoria y anosmia; en la mujer embarazada se presenta hasta en 24.2 %. OBJETIVO: Conocer la frecuencia con la que las mujeres embarazadas e infección por SARS-CoV-2 tienen disfunción olfatoria. MÉTODOS: Se preguntó edad, edad gestacional, temperatura, presencia de constipación nasal o rinorrea, mialgias, cefalea, tos o dolor torácico, además de evaluar si las mujeres percibían e identificaban el aroma de jugo de uva, café en polvo y mentol. Se utilizaron medidas de tendencia central y dispersión, frecuencias y porcentajes. Se calculó sensibilidad, especificidad, valor predictivo positivo y negativo. La U de Mann-Whitney y el contraste de proporciones sirvieron para las comparaciones entre los grupos. RESULTADOS: Hubo mayor proporción de mujeres con tos, cefalea, disnea, mialgias, odinofagia, rinorrea, dolor torácico y anosmia en mujeres positivas a SARS-CoV-2. De las pacientes sin COVID-19, 88.9 % detectó cada uno de los aromas; solo 31.8 % del grupo positivo detectó el aroma a uva, 47.7 % el de café y 59.1 % el de mentol, el cual tuvo los porcentajes más altos en sensibilidad (40 %), especificidad (21 %), valores predictivos positivo (59 %) y negativo (11 %). CONCLUSIÓN: la disfunción olfatoria se presenta en un porcentaje importante de las mujeres embarazadas con COVID-19.
Assuntos
Anosmia/epidemiologia , COVID-19/complicações , Transtornos do Olfato/epidemiologia , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Anosmia/virologia , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Transtornos do Olfato/virologia , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Gravidez , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/virologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Resumen Introducción: En pacientes con COVID-19 se ha reportado disfunción olfatoria y anosmia; en la mujer embarazada se presenta hasta en 24.2 %. Objetivo: Conocer la frecuencia con la que las mujeres embarazadas e infección por SARS-CoV-2 tienen disfunción olfatoria. Métodos: Se preguntó edad, edad gestacional, temperatura, presencia de constipación nasal o rinorrea, mialgias, cefalea, tos o dolor torácico, además de evaluar si las mujeres percibían e identificaban el aroma de jugo de uva, café en polvo y mentol. Se utilizaron medidas de tendencia central y dispersión, frecuencias y porcentajes. Se calculó sensibilidad, especificidad, valor predictivo positivo y negativo. La U de Mann-Whitney y el contraste de proporciones sirvieron para las comparaciones entre los grupos. Resultados: Hubo mayor proporción de mujeres con tos, cefalea, disnea, mialgias, odinofagia, rinorrea, dolor torácico y anosmia en mujeres positivas a SARS-CoV-2. De las pacientes sin COVID-19, 88.9 % detectó cada uno de los aromas; solo 31.8 % del grupo positivo detectó el aroma a uva, 47.7 % el de café y 59.1 % el de mentol, el cual tuvo los porcentajes más altos en sensibilidad (40 %), especificidad (21 %), valores predictivos positivo (59 %) y negativo (11 %). Conclusión: la disfunción olfatoria se presenta en un porcentaje importante de las mujeres embarazadas con COVID-19.
Abstract Introduction: In patients with COVID-19, olfactory dysfunction and anosmia have been reported, which in pregnant women occur in up to 24.2 %. Objective: To know the frequency in which pregnant women with SARS-CoV-2 infection have olfactory dysfunction. Methods: Age, gestational age, temperature, presence of nasal constipation or rhinorrhea, myalgia, headache, cough or chest pain were asked. Whether patients perceived and identified the scent of grape juice, coffee powder and menthol was evaluated. Central tendency and dispersion measures, frequencies and percentages were used. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value were calculated. Mann-Whitney's U-test and contrast of proportions were used for comparisons between groups. Results: There was a higher proportion of women with cough, headache, dyspnea, myalgia, odynophagia, rhinorrhea, chest pain, and anosmia in SARS-CoV-2-positive women. In patients without COVID-19, 88.9 % detected each one of the scents; only 31.8 % of the positive group detected grapes scent, 47.7 % coffee and 59.1 % menthol, which had the highest percentages of sensitivity (40 %), specificity (21 %), positive predictive value (59 %) and negative predictive value (11 %). Conclusion: Olfactory dysfunction occurs in a significant percentage of pregnant women with COVID-19.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Adolescente , Adulto , Adulto Jovem , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/epidemiologia , Anosmia/epidemiologia , COVID-19/complicações , Transtornos do Olfato/epidemiologia , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/virologia , Estudos Transversais , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Estudos Prospectivos , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Anosmia/virologia , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Transtornos do Olfato/virologiaRESUMO
Some reports have been recently published on olfactory loss in people with severe COVID-19. It is suggested to take into consideration the recommendations of the American Academy of Otolaryngology and the British Association of Otorhinolaryngology to include olfactory loss as an early clinical symptom of COVID-19 and consider sudden olfactory loss, as a high index of suspicion of SARS-CoV-2 infection. It can be established that the majority of patients with olfactory loss due to COVID-19, present hyposmia and not anosmia. Patients with olfactory loss, who had SARS-CoV-2 infection, should be classified as loss secondary to viral infection.
En fechas recientes se han publicado algunos informes sobre la pérdida olfatoria en personas con COVID-19. Se sugiere tomar en consideración las recomendaciones de la American Academy of Otolaryngology y la British Association of Otorhinolaryngology para agregar la pérdida olfatoria como síntoma clínico temprano de COVID-19, y considerar la pérdida súbita olfatoria como alto índice de sospecha de infección por SARS-CoV-2. Se puede establecer que la mayoría de los pacientes con pérdida olfatoria por COVID-19 presentan hiposmia y no anosmia. Los pacientes con pérdida olfatoria que cursaron con infección por SARS-CoV-2 deben ser clasificados como pérdida secundaria a infección viral.
Assuntos
Anosmia/etiologia , COVID-19 , Transtornos do Olfato/diagnóstico , Transtornos do Olfato/virologia , Humanos , Transtornos do Olfato/etiologia , Pandemias , SARS-CoV-2 , Olfato/fisiologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To assess the frequency and characteristics of headache in patients with COVID-19 and whether there is an association between headache and anosmia and ageusia. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study. Consecutive patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19, confirmed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique, were assessed by neurologists. RESULTS: Seventy-three patients were included in the study, 63% were male; the median age was 58 years (IQR: 47-66). Forty-seven patients (64.4%) reported headaches, which had most frequently begun on the first day of symptoms, were bilateral (94%), presenting severe intensity (53%) and a migraine phenotype (51%). Twelve patients (16.4%) presented with headache triggered by coughing. Eleven (15%) patients reported a continuous headache. Twenty-eight patients (38.4%) presented with anosmia and 29 (39.7%) with ageusia. Patients who reported hyposmia/anosmia and/or hypogeusia/ageusia experienced headache more frequently than those without these symptoms (OR: 5.39; 95% CI:1.66-17.45; logistic regression). Patients with anosmia and ageusia presented headache associated with phonophobia more often compared to those with headache without these complaints (Chi-square test; p < 0.05). Headache associated with COVID-19 presented a migraine phenotype more frequently in those experiencing previous migraine (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Headaches associated with COVID-19 are frequent, are generally severe, diffuse, present a migraine phenotype and are associated with anosmia and ageusia.
Assuntos
Ageusia/virologia , Infecções por Coronavirus/complicações , Cefaleia/virologia , Transtornos do Olfato/virologia , Pneumonia Viral/complicações , Adulto , Idoso , Ageusia/epidemiologia , Betacoronavirus , COVID-19 , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Cefaleia/epidemiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Transtornos do Olfato/epidemiologia , Pandemias , SARS-CoV-2RESUMO
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), an infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is currently hitting the world in the form of a pandemic. Given that some reports suggest that this infection can also occur with neurologic manifestations, this narrative review addresses the basic and clinical aspects concerning the nervous system involvement associated with this disease. More than one third of patients hospitalized for COVID-19 can present with both central and peripheral neurological manifestations. The former include dizziness and headache, while the latter include taste and smell disturbances. Other reported neurological manifestations are cerebrovascular disease and epileptic seizures. According to published reports, neurological disorders are not uncommon in COVID-19 and can sometimes represent the first manifestation of the disease; therefore, neurologists should consider this diagnostic possibility in their daily practice. Since maybe not all COVID-19 neurological manifestations are due to SARS-CoV-2 direct effects, it is important to monitor the rest of the clinical parameters such as, for example, oxygen saturation. Similarly, follow-up of patients is advisable, since whether neurological complications may develop lately is thus far unknown.
La enfermedad del coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19), infección causada por el coronavirus 2 del síndrome respiratorio agudo grave (SARS-CoV-2), actualmente afecta al mundo en forma de una pandemia. Debido a que algunos reportes apuntan a que esta infección puede cursar también con manifestaciones neurológicas, en esta revisión narrativa se abordan los aspectos básicos y clínicos concernientes a la afectación del sistema nervioso por esta enfermedad. Más de un tercio de los pacientes hospitalizados por COVID-19 pueden presentar manifestaciones neurológicas, tanto centrales como periféricas. Entre las primeras se encuentran el mareo y la cefalea; y entre las segundas, las alteraciones del gusto y el olfato. Otras manifestaciones neurológicas reportadas son la enfermedad vascular cerebral y las crisis epilépticas. Según los informes publicados, los padecimientos neurológicos no son infrecuentes en COVID-19 y en ocasiones pueden representar la primera manifestación de la enfermedad, de modo que los neurólogos deberán considerar esta posibilidad diagnóstica en su práctica cotidiana. Dado que no todas las manifestaciones neurológicas de COVID-19 pudieran deberse a efectos directos de SARS-CoV-2, es importante monitorear el resto de los parámetros clínicos, por ejemplo, la oxigenación. De igual forma, es recomendable el seguimiento de los pacientes, ya que hasta el momento se ignora si las complicaciones neurológicas pueden desarrollarse tardíamente.
Assuntos
Betacoronavirus/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Coronavirus/complicações , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso/virologia , Pneumonia Viral/complicações , COVID-19 , Teste para COVID-19 , Técnicas de Laboratório Clínico , Infecções por Coronavirus/diagnóstico , Infecções por Coronavirus/epidemiologia , Tontura/virologia , Cefaleia/virologia , Humanos , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso/diagnóstico , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso/epidemiologia , Transtornos do Olfato/virologia , Pandemias , Pneumonia Viral/diagnóstico , Pneumonia Viral/epidemiologia , SARS-CoV-2 , Distúrbios do Paladar/virologiaRESUMO
Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), an infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is currently hitting the world in the form of a pandemic. Given that some reports suggest that this infection can also occur with neurologic manifestations, this narrative review addresses the basic and clinical aspects concerning the nervous system involvement associated with this disease. More than one third of patients hospitalized for COVID-19 can present with both central and peripheral neurological manifestations. The former includes dizziness and headache, while the latter includes taste and smell disturbances. Other reported neurological manifestations are cerebrovascular disease and epileptic seizures. According to published reports, neurological disorders are not uncommon in COVID-19 and can sometimes represent the first manifestation of the disease; therefore, neurologists should consider this diagnostic possibility in their daily practice. Since maybe not all COVID-19 neurological manifestations are due to SARS-CoV-2 direct effects, it is important to monitor the rest of the clinical parameters such as, for example, oxygen saturation. Similarly, follow-up of patients is advisable, since whether neurological complications may develop lately is thus far unknown.
Resumen La enfermedad del coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19), infección causada por el coronavirus 2 del síndrome respiratorio agudo grave (SARS-CoV-2), actualmente afecta al mundo en forma de una pandemia. Debido a que algunos reportes apuntan a que esta infección puede cursar también con manifestaciones neurológicas, en esta revisión narrativa se abordan los aspectos básicos y clínicos concernientes a la afectación del sistema nervioso por esta enfermedad. Más de un tercio de los pacientes hospitalizados por COVID-19 pueden presentar manifestaciones neurológicas, tanto centrales como periféricas. Entre las primeras se encuentran el mareo y la cefalea; y entre las segundas, las alteraciones del gusto y el olfato. Otras manifestaciones neurológicas reportadas son la enfermedad vascular cerebral y las crisis epilépticas. Según los informes publicados, los padecimientos neurológicos no son infrecuentes en COVID-19 y en ocasiones pueden representar la primera manifestación de la enfermedad, de modo que los neurólogos deberán considerar esta posibilidad diagnóstica en su práctica cotidiana. Dado que no todas las manifestaciones neurológicas de COVID-19 pudieran deberse a efectos directos de SARS-CoV-2, es importante monitorear el resto de los parámetros clínicos, por ejemplo, la oxigenación. De igual forma, es recomendable el seguimiento de los pacientes, ya que hasta el momento se ignora si las complicaciones neurológicas pueden desarrollarse tardíamente.
Assuntos
Humanos , Pneumonia Viral/complicações , Infecções por Coronavirus/complicações , Betacoronavirus/isolamento & purificação , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso/virologia , Pneumonia Viral/diagnóstico , Pneumonia Viral/epidemiologia , Distúrbios do Paladar/virologia , Infecções por Coronavirus/diagnóstico , Infecções por Coronavirus/epidemiologia , Técnicas de Laboratório Clínico , Tontura/virologia , Pandemias , Teste para COVID-19 , SARS-CoV-2 , COVID-19 , Cefaleia/virologia , Transtornos do Olfato/virologia , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso/diagnósticoRESUMO
Over the course of the pandemic due to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), multiple new clinical manifestations, as the consequence of the tropism of the virus, have been recognized. That includes now the neurological manifestations and conditions, such as headache, encephalitis, as well as olfactory and taste disorders. We present a series of ten cases of RT-PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2-infected patients diagnosed with viral-associated olfactory and taste loss from four different countries.
Assuntos
Ageusia/complicações , Betacoronavirus/patogenicidade , Encefalopatias/complicações , Infecções por Coronavirus/complicações , Cefaleia/complicações , Transtornos do Olfato/complicações , Pneumonia Viral/complicações , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Ageusia/imunologia , Ageusia/patologia , Ageusia/virologia , Encéfalo/patologia , Encéfalo/virologia , Encefalopatias/imunologia , Encefalopatias/patologia , Encefalopatias/virologia , COVID-19 , Infecções por Coronavirus/imunologia , Infecções por Coronavirus/patologia , Infecções por Coronavirus/virologia , Europa (Continente) , Feminino , Cefaleia/imunologia , Cefaleia/patologia , Cefaleia/virologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , América do Norte , Transtornos do Olfato/imunologia , Transtornos do Olfato/patologia , Transtornos do Olfato/virologia , Pandemias , Pneumonia Viral/imunologia , Pneumonia Viral/patologia , Pneumonia Viral/virologia , SARS-CoV-2 , América do Sul , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: It has been demonstrated that reduction in smell and/or taste is the most predictive symptom in SARS-CoV-2/Covid-19 infection. We used Google Trends to analyze regional searches relating to loss of smell and taste across Italy, Spain, France, Brazil, and the United States of America and determined the association with reported Covid-19 cases. METHODS: In order to retrieve the data, we built a Python software program that provides access to Google Trends data via an application program interface. Daily COVID-19 case data for subregions of the five countries selected were retrieved from respective national health authorities. We sought to assess the association between raw search interest data and COVID-19 new daily cases per million for all regions individually. RESULTS: In total, we yielded 2188 sets of Google Trends data which included 548 time series of 4 anosmia and ageusia search concepts over the study period for 137 regions. These data indicated that differences in search interest for terms relating to anosmia and ageusia, between regions, is associated with geographical trends in new Covid-19 cases. CONCLUSIONS: We feel that Google search trends relating to loss of smell can be utilized to identify potential Covid-19 outbreaks on a national and regional basis.