RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Our aim was to examine differences in clinical outcomes between Hispanic subgroups who underwent emergency general surgery (EGS). METHODS: Retrospective cohort study of the HCUP State Inpatient Database from New Jersey (2009-2014), including Hispanic and non-Hispanic White (NHW) adult patients who underwent EGS. Multivariable analyses were performed on outcomes including 7-day readmission and length of stay (LOS). RESULTS: 125,874 patients underwent EGS operations. 22,971 were Hispanic (15,488 with subgroup defined: 7,331 - Central/South American; 4,254 - Puerto Rican; 3,170 - Mexican; 733 - Cuban). On multivariable analysis, patients in the Central/South American subgroup were more likely to be readmitted compared to the Mexican subgroup (OR 2.02; p < 0.001, respectively). Puerto Rican and Central/South American subgroups had significantly shorter LOS than Mexican patients (Puerto Rico -0.58 days; p < 0.001; Central/South American -0.30 days; p = 0.016). CONCLUSIONS: There are significant differences in EGS outcomes between Hispanic subgroups. These differences could be missed when data are aggregated at Hispanic ethnicity.
Assuntos
Tratamento de Emergência/estatística & dados numéricos , Hispânico ou Latino/estatística & dados numéricos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Operatórios/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , Idoso , América Central/etnologia , Cuba/etnologia , Bases de Dados Factuais , Tratamento de Emergência/mortalidade , Feminino , Cirurgia Geral/estatística & dados numéricos , Hispânico ou Latino/classificação , Humanos , Tempo de Internação/estatística & dados numéricos , Masculino , México/etnologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise Multivariada , New Jersey , Readmissão do Paciente/estatística & dados numéricos , Porto Rico/etnologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , América do Sul/etnologia , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Operatórios/mortalidadeRESUMO
The number of non-cardiac major surgeries carried out has significantly increased in recent years to around 200 million procedures carried out annually. Approximately 30% of patients submitted to non-cardiac surgery present some form of cardiovascular comorbidity. In emergency situations, with less surgery planning time and greater clinical severity, the risks become even more significant. The aim of this study is to determine the incidence and clinical outcomes in patients with cardiovascular disease submitted to non-cardiac surgical procedures in a single cardiovascular referral center. This is a prospective cohort study of patients with cardiovascular disease submitted to non-cardiovascular surgery. All procedures were carried out by the same surgeon, between January 2006 and January 2018. 240 patients included were elderly, 154 were male (64%), 8 patients presented two diagnoses. Of the resulting 248 procedures carried out, 230 were emergency (92.8%). From the data obtained it was possible to estimate the day from which the occurrence of mortality is less probable in the postoperative phase. Our research evaluated the epidemiological profile of the surgeries and we were able to estimate the survival and delimit the period of greatest risk of mortality in these patients. The high rate of acute mesenteric ischemia was notable, a serious and frequently fatal condition.
Assuntos
Doenças Cardiovasculares/mortalidade , Tratamento de Emergência/mortalidade , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Operatórios/mortalidade , Idoso , Doenças Cardiovasculares/complicações , Feminino , Humanos , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Masculino , Período Pós-Operatório , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Operatórios/estatística & dados numéricos , Análise de Sobrevida , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Colorectal cancer is one of the most frequent types of malignant neoplasms. Age is a risk factor for this disease, with 75% of cases diagnosed in patients older than 65 years. Complications such as obstruction, hemorrhage, and perforation are present in more than one-third of cases and require emergency treatment. We aim to analyze the profile of elderly patients undergoing surgery for complicated colorectal cancer, and to evaluate factors related to worse short-term prognosis. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of patients who underwent emergency surgical treatment for complicated colorectal cancer was performed. Demographics, clinical, radiological and histological data were collected. RESULTS: Sixty-seven patients were analyzed. The median age was 72 years, and almost half (46%) of the patients were female. Obstruction was the most prevalent complication at initial presentation (72%). The most common sites of neoplasia were the left and sigmoid colon in 22 patients (32.8%), and the right colon in 17 patients (25.4%). Resection was performed in 88% of cases, followed by primary anastomosis in almost half. The most frequent clinical stages were II (48%) and III (22%). Forty-three patients (65.7%) had some form of postoperative complication. Clavien-Dindo grades 1, 2, and 4, were the most frequent. Complete oncologic resection was observed in 80% of the cases. The thirty-day mortality rate was 10.4%. Advanced age was associated with worse morbidity and mortality. CONCLUSION: Elderly patients with complicated colorectal cancer undergoing emergency surgery have high morbidity and mortality rates. Advanced age is significantly associated with worse outcomes.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Colorretais/mortalidade , Neoplasias Colorretais/cirurgia , Tratamento de Emergência/mortalidade , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Brasil , Neoplasias Colorretais/complicações , Neoplasias Colorretais/patologia , Comorbidade , Feminino , Humanos , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva/estatística & dados numéricos , Tempo de Internação , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/mortalidade , Prognóstico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Estatísticas não ParamétricasRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Despite advances in surgical approaches, emergency colorectal surgery has high mortality and morbidity. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to create a simple and distinctive scoring system, for predicting mortality among patients undergoing emergency colorectal surgery. DESIGN AND SETTING: Prediction model development study based on retrospective data-gathering. METHODS: Patients who underwent emergency colorectal surgery between March 2014 and December 2016 at a single tertiary-level referral center were included in our study. Patient demographics, comorbidities, type of surgery, etiology and laboratory and radiological findings were collected retrospectively and analyzed. A new clinical score (named the Numune emergency colorectal resection score) was constructed from the last logistic regression model, in which one point was assigned for the presence of each predictive factor. RESULTS: 138 patients underwent emergency colorectal surgery. These comprised 64 males (46.4%) and 74 females (53.6%), with a mean age of 64 years. Multivariate analysis revealed that blood urea nitrogen level > 65 mg/dl (odds ratio, OR: 8.03; 95% confidence interval, CI: 2.16-15.77), albumin level < 0.7 -mg/-dl (OR: 4.43; 95% CI: 1.96-14.39) and American Society of Anesthesiologists score ≥ 3 (OR: 3.47; 95% CI: 0.81-9.18) were associated with postoperative complications. The Numune score was graded from I to III. The risk of mortality was found to be 63.2% in the group with grade III, which accounted for 35.2% of the subjects. There were 37 postoperative deaths. CONCLUSIONS: Surgeons need scoring systems, especially to predict postoperative mortality. We propose the Numune emergency colorectal resection score for emergency surgical procedures as a practical, usable and effective system for predicting postoperative morbidity.
Assuntos
Doenças do Colo/cirurgia , Cirurgia Colorretal/mortalidade , Tratamento de Emergência/mortalidade , Medição de Risco/métodos , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Doenças do Colo/mortalidade , Feminino , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Adulto JovemRESUMO
ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Despite advances in surgical approaches, emergency colorectal surgery has high mortality and morbidity. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to create a simple and distinctive scoring system, for predicting mortality among patients undergoing emergency colorectal surgery. DESIGN AND SETTING: Prediction model development study based on retrospective data-gathering. METHODS: Patients who underwent emergency colorectal surgery between March 2014 and December 2016 at a single tertiary-level referral center were included in our study. Patient demographics, comorbidities, type of surgery, etiology and laboratory and radiological findings were collected retrospectively and analyzed. A new clinical score (named the Numune emergency colorectal resection score) was constructed from the last logistic regression model, in which one point was assigned for the presence of each predictive factor. RESULTS: 138 patients underwent emergency colorectal surgery. These comprised 64 males (46.4%) and 74 females (53.6%), with a mean age of 64 years. Multivariate analysis revealed that blood urea nitrogen level > 65 mg/dl (odds ratio, OR: 8.03; 95% confidence interval, CI: 2.16-15.77), albumin level < 0.7 mg/dl (OR: 4.43; 95% CI: 1.96-14.39) and American Society of Anesthesiologists score ≥ 3 (OR: 3.47; 95% CI: 0.81-9.18) were associated with postoperative complications. The Numune score was graded from I to III. The risk of mortality was found to be 63.2% in the group with grade III, which accounted for 35.2% of the subjects. There were 37 postoperative deaths. CONCLUSIONS: Surgeons need scoring systems, especially to predict postoperative mortality. We propose the Numune emergency colorectal resection score for emergency surgical procedures as a practical, usable and effective system for predicting postoperative morbidity.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Adulto Jovem , Cirurgia Colorretal/mortalidade , Doenças do Colo/cirurgia , Medição de Risco/métodos , Tratamento de Emergência/mortalidade , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Doenças do Colo/mortalidadeRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Colorectal cancer is one of the most frequent types of malignant neoplasms. Age is a risk factor for this disease, with 75% of cases diagnosed in patients older than 65 years. Complications such as obstruction, hemorrhage, and perforation are present in more than one-third of cases and require emergency treatment. We aim to analyze the profile of elderly patients undergoing surgery for complicated colorectal cancer, and to evaluate factors related to worse short-term prognosis. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of patients who underwent emergency surgical treatment for complicated colorectal cancer was performed. Demographics, clinical, radiological and histological data were collected. RESULTS: Sixty-seven patients were analyzed. The median age was 72 years, and almost half (46%) of the patients were female. Obstruction was the most prevalent complication at initial presentation (72%). The most common sites of neoplasia were the left and sigmoid colon in 22 patients (32.8%), and the right colon in 17 patients (25.4%). Resection was performed in 88% of cases, followed by primary anastomosis in almost half. The most frequent clinical stages were II (48%) and III (22%). Forty-three patients (65.7%) had some form of postoperative complication. Clavien-Dindo grades 1, 2, and 4, were the most frequent. Complete oncologic resection was observed in 80% of the cases. The thirty-day mortality rate was 10.4%. Advanced age was associated with worse morbidity and mortality. CONCLUSION: Elderly patients with complicated colorectal cancer undergoing emergency surgery have high morbidity and mortality rates. Advanced age is significantly associated with worse outcomes.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Neoplasias Colorretais/cirurgia , Neoplasias Colorretais/mortalidade , Tratamento de Emergência/mortalidade , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/mortalidade , Prognóstico , Brasil , Neoplasias Colorretais/complicações , Neoplasias Colorretais/patologia , Comorbidade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Fatores Etários , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva/estatística & dados numéricos , Tempo de Internação , Estadiamento de NeoplasiasRESUMO
FUNDAMENTO: Idade maior a 80 anos não é, por si só, o único fator de risco para a mortalidade em revascularização miocárdica. OBJETIVO: Identificar fatores de risco para a mortalidade em pacientes octogenários submetidos a revascularização miocárdica. MÉTODOS: Estudamos 164 pacientes, com idade igual ou maior a 80 anos. As variáveis estudadas foram: sexo, idade (em anos), fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo (FEVE), reoperação, cirurgia de emergência, número de artérias revascularizadas, uso da artéria torácica interna esquerda (ATIE), uso de circulação extracorpórea (CEC), cirurgia associada, revascularização da artéria interventricular anterior (AIVA) e uso de balão intra-aórtico (BIA). A análise estatística foi feita por meio de análises descritiva, univariada e multivariada por regressão logística. Foram considerados significância estatística os valores de p < 0,05, e a análise multivariada foi realizada com variáveis cujo valor era p < 0,20. RESULTADOS: A mortalidade foi de 11 por cento. Na análise univariada, evidenciou-se que baixa FEVE (p = 0,008), cirurgia de emergência (p < 0,001) e uso de balão intra-aórtico (p = 0,049) relacionaram-se à maior chance de mortalidade. Ao ajustar pela regressão logística, revelou-se que a idade acima de 85 anos correlacionou-se com uma chance de mortalidade 6,31 vezes maior (p = 0,012) e que a cirurgia de emergência esteve relacionada a uma chance de mortalidade 55,39 vezes maior (p < 0,001). CONCLUSÃO: Em octogenários submetidos a cirurgia de revascularização miocárdica, idade superior a 85 anos e cirurgia de emergência são fatores preditivos importantes de maior mortalidade.
BACKGROUND: The complexity of reentrant circuits related to ventricular tachycardias decreases the success rate of radiofrequency ablation procedures. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether the epicardial mapping with multiple electrodes carried out simultaneously with the endocardial mapping helps in ablation procedures of sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT) in patients with nonischemic heart disease. METHODS: Twenty-six patients with recurrent sustained VT, of which 22 (84.6 percent) presenting chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy, 2 (7.7 percent) with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy and 2 with right ventricular arrhythmogenic dysplasia (RVAD), were submitted to epicardial mapping with two or three microcatheters, with 8 electrodes each, simultaneously to the conventional endocardial mapping. A catheter with a 4-mm tip was used for the ablation by radiofrequency (RF) carried out during the induced VT. RESULTS: Of the 33 induced VT, 25 were mapped and 20 had their origin defined. Eleven had epicardial and 9 had endocardial origin. The programmed ventricular stimulation did not induce sustained VT in 11 (42.0 percent) of the 26 patients after the ablation. Events such as VT recurrence and death occurred in 10.0 percent of the patients submitted to successful ablation and in 59.0 percent of the unsuccessful cases, during a mean ambulatory follow-up of 357 ± 208 days. CONCLUSION: Subepicardial circuits are frequent in patients with nonischemic heart disease. The epicardial mapping with multiple catheters carried out simultaneously with the endocardial mapping contributes to the identification of these circuits in a same procedure.
FUNDAMENTO: Edad mayor a 80 años no es, por si sola, el único factor de riesgo para la mortalidad en revascularización miocárdica. OBJETIVO: Identificar factores de riesgo para la mortalidad en pacientes octogenarios sometidos a revascularización miocárdica. MÉTODOS: Estudiamos 164 pacientes, con edad igual o mayor a 80 años. Las variables estudiadas fueron: sexo, edad (en años), fracción de eyección del ventrículo izquierdo (FEVI), reoperación, cirugía de emergencia, número de arterias revascularizadas, uso de la arteria torácica interna izquierda (ATII), uso de circulación extracorpórea (CEC), cirugía asociada, revascularización de la arteria interventricular anterior (AIVA) y uso de balón intraaórtico (BIA). El análisis estadístico fue hecho por medio de análisis descriptivo, univariado y multivariado por regresión logística. Fueron considerados de significación estadística los valores de p < 0,05, y el análisis multivariado fue realizado con variables cuyo valor era p < 0,20. RESULTADOS: La mortalidad fue de 11 por ciento. En el análisis univariado, se evidenció que baja FEVI (p=0,008), cirugía de emergencia (p < 0,001) y uso de balón intraaórtico (p=0,049) se relacionaron a mayor posibilidad de mortalidad. Al ajustar por regresión logística, se reveló que la edad encima de 85 años se correlacionó con una posibilidad de mortalidad 6,31 veces mayor (p=0,012) y que la cirugía de emergencia estuvo relacionada a una posibilidad de mortalidad 55,39 veces mayor (p < 0,001). CONCLUSIÓN: En octogenarios sometidos a cirugía de revascularización miocárdica, edad superior a 85 años y cirugía de emergencia son factores predictivos importantes de mayor mortalidad.
Assuntos
Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Tratamento de Emergência/mortalidade , Revascularização Miocárdica/mortalidade , Causas de Morte , Métodos Epidemiológicos , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Balão Intra-Aórtico/mortalidade , Fatores de Risco , Volume Sistólico/fisiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Age over 80 years, by itself, is not the only risk factor for mortality in coronary artery bypass grafting. OBJECTIVE: To identify risk factors for mortality in octogenarian patients undergoing CABG. METHODS: We studied 164 patients aged 80 years and over. The variables studied were: gender; age (in years); ejection fraction (LVEF); reoperation; emergency surgery; number of revascularized arteries; use of the left internal thoracic artery (LITA); use of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB); associated surgery; revascularization of the left anterior descending artery (DA); and use of intra-aortic balloon (IAB). Statistical analysis was done using descriptive analysis, univariate and multivariate logistic regression. A p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant, and multivariate analysis was performed for variables whose value was p < 0.20. RESULTS: Mortality was 11%. Univariate analysis showed that low LVEF (p = 0.008), emergency surgery (p < 0.001), and use of intra-aortic balloon (p = 0.049) were related to higher mortality. When adjusted by logistic regression, age over 85 years was correlated with a 6.31 times greater mortality (p = 0.012), and emergency surgery was related to a 55.39 times greater mortality (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: In octogenarians undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery, age over 85 years and emergency surgery are important predictors of mortality.
Assuntos
Tratamento de Emergência/mortalidade , Revascularização Miocárdica/mortalidade , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Causas de Morte , Métodos Epidemiológicos , Feminino , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Humanos , Balão Intra-Aórtico/mortalidade , Masculino , Fatores de Risco , Volume Sistólico/fisiologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To document the frequency and causes of maternal mortality and severe (near-miss) morbidity in metropolitan La Paz, Bolivia. DESIGN: Facility-based cross-sectional study. SETTING: Four maternity hospitals in La Paz and El Alto, Bolivia, where free maternal health care is provided through a government-subsidised programme. POPULATION: All maternal deaths and women with near-miss morbidity. METHODS: Inclusion of near-miss using clinical and management-based criteria. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Maternal mortality ratio (MMR), severe morbidity ratio (SMR), mortality indices and proportion of near-miss cases at hospital admission. RESULTS: MMR was 187/100,000 live births and SMR was 50/1000 live births, with a relatively low mortality index of 3.6%. Severe haemorrhage and severe hypertensive disorders were the main causes of near-miss, with 26% of severe haemorrhages occurring in early pregnancy. Sepsis was the most common cause of death. The majority of near-miss cases (74%) were in critical condition at hospital admission and differed from those fulfilling the criteria after admission as to diagnostic categories and socio-demographic variables. CONCLUSIONS: Pre-hospital barriers remain to be of great importance in a setting of this type, where there is wide availability of free maternal health care. Such barriers, together with haemorrhage in early pregnancy, pre-eclampsia detection and referral patterns, should be priority areas for future research and interventions to improve maternal health. Near-miss upon arrival and near-miss after arrival at hospital should be analysed separately as that provides additional information about factors that contribute to maternal ill-health.
Assuntos
Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência/organização & administração , Prioridades em Saúde , Complicações na Gravidez/mortalidade , Cuidado Pré-Natal/organização & administração , Adulto , Bolívia/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Tratamento de Emergência/mortalidade , Tratamento de Emergência/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Hospitalização/estatística & dados numéricos , Maternidades , Hospitais Urbanos , Humanos , Mortalidade Materna , Gravidez , Complicações na Gravidez/terapia , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Saúde da População UrbanaRESUMO
CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Patients are often admitted to intensive care units with delay in relation to when this service was indicated. The objective was to verify whether this delay influences hospital mortality, length of stay in the unit and hospital, and APACHE II prediction. DESIGN AND SETITNG: Prospective and accuracy study, in intensive care unit of Santa Casa de São Paulo, a tertiary university hospital. METHODS: We evaluated all 94 patients admitted following emergency surgery, from August 2002 to July 2003. The variables studied were APACHE II, death risk, length of stay in the unit and hospital, and hospital mortality rate. The patients were divided into two groups according to the time elapsed between end of surgery and admission to the unit: up to 12 hours and over 12 hours. RESULTS: The groups were similar regarding gender, age, diagnosis, APACHE II score and hospital stay. The death risk factors were age, APACHE II and elapsed time (p < 0.02). The mortality rate for the over 12-hour group was higher (54% versus 26.1%; p = 0.018). For the over 12-hour group, observed mortality was higher than expected mortality (p = 0.015). For the up to 12-hour group, observed and expected mortality were similar (p = 0.288). CONCLUSION: APACHE II foresaw the mortality rate among patients that arrived faster to the intensive core unit, while the mortality rate was higher among those patients whose admission to the intensive care unit took longer.