Assuntos
COVID-19/psicologia , Saúde da Criança/tendências , Proteção da Criança , Violência Doméstica/tendências , Trauma Psicológico/epidemiologia , Trauma Psicológico/etiologia , Adolescente , COVID-19/epidemiologia , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , Criança , Proteção da Criança/psicologia , Proteção da Criança/tendências , Pré-Escolar , Violência Doméstica/prevenção & controle , Violência Doméstica/psicologia , Saúde Global , Humanos , Pandemias/prevenção & controle , Trauma Psicológico/diagnóstico , Trauma Psicológico/terapia , Resiliência PsicológicaAssuntos
Trauma Psicológico/etiologia , Estresse Psicológico/etiologia , Violência/psicologia , Adolescente , Criança , Desenvolvimento Humano , Humanos , Peru , Trauma Psicológico/diagnóstico , Trauma Psicológico/psicologia , Instituições Acadêmicas , Estresse Psicológico/diagnóstico , Estresse Psicológico/psicologia , Violência/legislação & jurisprudência , Violência/prevenção & controle , Violência/estatística & dados numéricosAssuntos
Humanos , Criança , Adolescente , Estresse Psicológico/etiologia , Violência/psicologia , Trauma Psicológico/etiologia , Peru , Instituições Acadêmicas , Estresse Psicológico/diagnóstico , Estresse Psicológico/psicologia , Violência/legislação & jurisprudência , Violência/prevenção & controle , Violência/estatística & dados numéricos , Trauma Psicológico/diagnóstico , Trauma Psicológico/psicologia , Desenvolvimento HumanoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: In this study, the first to examine psychometrics of a Haitian Kreyòl version of the Trauma Symptom Checklist-40 (TSC-40), we investigated trauma symptoms in survivors of Haiti's 2010 earthquake who reside in Haiti's Cité Soleil slum, a violent neighborhood where non-partner sexual violence (NPSV) is rampant and whose residents are historically underrepresented in research. METHODS: 233 women and 280 men 18 years or older completed the TSC-40. Differential Item Function (DIF) analysis was performed on the TSC-40 responses for women and men. We examined symptom counts by gender, between NPSV victims and non-victims, and by interaction between gender and NPSV experience. RESULTS: We identified a reduced pool of 17-items that exhibited no gender bias. This 17-item index showed acceptable internal consistency reliability (αâ¯=â¯0.87). Employing this index, average symptom counts for women (x¯â¯=â¯11.3) did not differ from men (x¯= 11.1). Average symptom counts for NPSV victims was greater (x¯â¯=â¯12.5) than for non-victims (x¯= 10.7). The gender by experience of NPSV interaction indicated that women victims had the highest symptom counts (x¯=14.0). LIMITATIONS: We used non-probability sampling, and data were from self-reports collected in a cross-sectional survey. CONCLUSIONS: Observed differences in trauma burden are likely to be misleading if instruments are administered without regard to DIF. We contribute a Haitian Kreyòl Trauma Symptom 17-item index, which offers clinicians/practitioners in Haiti the opportunity to use a valid and reliable measure of enduring trauma symptoms validated in Haiti.
Assuntos
Lista de Checagem/normas , Trauma Psicológico/diagnóstico , Sobreviventes/psicologia , Avaliação de Sintomas/normas , Adolescente , Adulto , Estudos Transversais , Desastres , Terremotos , Feminino , Haiti , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Psicometria , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Características de Residência , Traduções , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Objective: In Western countries, the prevalence of childhood trauma (CT) ranges from 15 to 25%. CT might be indirectly associated with lower parental socioeconomic status and educational attainments. The aims of this cross-sectional study were fourfold: to assess prevalence of CT in a large sample of Iranian children; to compare the Iranian prevalence rates with those of Western countries; to explore gender-specific patterns; and to explore possible socioeconomic predictors. Method: The sample comprised 608 children (mean age 11.49 years, 51.5% females). All completed the Farsi version of the Trauma Symptoms Checklist for Children. Additionally, parents reported on their current employment status and highest educational level. Results: Trauma symptoms were reported by 20 of 295 boys and 23 of 313 girls. The overall prevalence was 7.1%. Child-reported trauma symptoms were not associated with parents' socioeconomic status or highest educational level. Compared to prevalence findings from U.S. national surveys (ranging from 15-25% of children and adolescents), the prevalence among 11- and 12-year-olds in the present study was considerably lower. Conclusions: The overall prevalence of reported trauma symptoms among a large sample of Iranian children was unrelated to parents' socioeconomic status, and was lower than that reported in U.S. surveys.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Trauma Psicológico/epidemiologia , Pais , Classe Social , Métodos Epidemiológicos , Escolaridade , Trauma Psicológico/diagnóstico , Irã (Geográfico)/epidemiologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: In Western countries, the prevalence of childhood trauma (CT) ranges from 15 to 25%. CT might be indirectly associated with lower parental socioeconomic status and educational attainments. The aims of this cross-sectional study were fourfold: to assess prevalence of CT in a large sample of Iranian children; to compare the Iranian prevalence rates with those of Western countries; to explore gender-specific patterns; and to explore possible socioeconomic predictors. METHOD: The sample comprised 608 children (mean age 11.49 years, 51.5% females). All completed the Farsi version of the Trauma Symptoms Checklist for Children. Additionally, parents reported on their current employment status and highest educational level. RESULTS: Trauma symptoms were reported by 20 of 295 boys and 23 of 313 girls. The overall prevalence was 7.1%. Child-reported trauma symptoms were not associated with parents' socioeconomic status or highest educational level. Compared to prevalence findings from U.S. national surveys (ranging from 15-25% of children and adolescents), the prevalence among 11- and 12-year-olds in the present study was considerably lower. CONCLUSIONS: The overall prevalence of reported trauma symptoms among a large sample of Iranian children was unrelated to parents' socioeconomic status, and was lower than that reported in U.S. surveys.
Assuntos
Trauma Psicológico/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Criança , Escolaridade , Métodos Epidemiológicos , Feminino , Humanos , Irã (Geográfico)/epidemiologia , Masculino , Pais , Trauma Psicológico/diagnóstico , Classe SocialRESUMO
This investigation seeks to validate an application of a standardized post-traumatic stress symptom self-report survey, the Davidson Trauma Scale (DTS), with a large, heterogeneous population of earthquake victims. While previous studies have focused primarily on small samples, this investigation uses a unique dataset to assess the validity of this application of the DTS while accounting for heterogeneity and sample size. We use concurrent validity and reliability analysis tests to confirm the validity of the scale. Further, confirmatory factor analysis is used to test the fit of the data's factor structure against previously established trauma models. Finally, these fit tests are repeated across different mutually exclusive vulnerability subsets of the data in order to investigate how the invariance of the scale is affected by sample heterogeneity. We find that this particular application of the scale is, on the whole, reliable and valid, showing good concurrent validity. However, evidence of variability is found across specific vulnerability subsets, indicating that a heterogeneous sample can have a measurable impact on model fit. © 2016 The Authors International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Assuntos
Terremotos/estatística & dados numéricos , Escalas de Graduação Psiquiátrica/normas , Trauma Psicológico/diagnóstico , Adulto , Chile , Desastres , Análise Fatorial , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Reprodutibilidade dos TestesRESUMO
Clinical and psychosocial assistance demand that we try and understand the complex effect traumatic events have on people and their subjectivity, as well as on our own stance and reference framework. Traumatic situations of social origin affect groups of individuals and the State is to some extent responsible for their genesis and the resolution of their effects. In our professional practice we are faced with problems that concern both the individuals and the relationships they establish. The way highly traumatic events are dealt with is in?uenced by various factors that challenge our therapeutic theories and approaches. The crisis of our time, characterized by uncertainty, violence patterns, intolerance of differences, fracture of social bonds, combined with major technological developments and subjective changes, triggers new and complex ways of connection -even hyperconnectivity- through social media. These vicissitudes of our time confront us with new expressions of discomfort about our own place in the world, deeply affect our identities and reinforce the suffering we experience when faced with the emergency of the devastating power of social trauma. Thus, they become part of our current challenge as professionals.