RESUMO
Two new species of Viannaia from the intestine of the North American opossums, Didelphis virginiana (Virginia opossum), and Philander opossum (gray four-eyed opossum), are described based on morphological and molecular data, through an integrative taxonomic approach. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analyses for each dataset and the concatenated dataset were performed using a mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene, and the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2). The phylogenetic analyses revealed 2 new species that occur in Mexico, one from the western state of Colima and another from the southern state of Chiapas. Our phylogenetic trees for both molecular markers and concatenated datasets yielded similar topologies with high bootstrap values and posterior probabilities. Viannaia is recovered as a monophyletic group, but the family Viannaiidae appears as non-monophyletic, due to the position of Travassostrongylus scheibelorum, similar to previous studies. Finally, the morphology of Viannaia and Hoineffia is discussed.
Assuntos
Gambás/parasitologia , Trichostrongyloidea/classificação , Tricostrongiloidíase/veterinária , Animais , Teorema de Bayes , DNA de Helmintos/química , DNA de Helmintos/isolamento & purificação , DNA Intergênico/genética , Complexo IV da Cadeia de Transporte de Elétrons/genética , Feminino , Genes Mitocondriais , Intestinos/parasitologia , Funções Verossimilhança , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Filogenia , RNA Ribossômico 5,8S/genética , Alinhamento de Sequência , Trichostrongyloidea/anatomia & histologia , Trichostrongyloidea/genética , Trichostrongyloidea/ultraestrutura , Tricostrongiloidíase/epidemiologia , Tricostrongiloidíase/parasitologiaRESUMO
A saúde e bem-estar de animais utilizados no serviço de policiamento e terapia assistida estão diretamente ligados aos cuidados nutricionais e preventivos. Entre as prevenções de rotina está o controle de parasitoses gastrointestinais. O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar a ocorrência de ovos de helmintos gastrointestinais em equinos de serviço, no Esquadrão de Polícia Montada em Salvador/BA. A metodologia empregada foi a avaliação qualitativa de 50 amostras de fezes, analisadas pelo método flutuação de Willis-Mollay adaptado, e quantitativa, de contagem de ovos por grama (OPG). Foi possível observar que 86% (43/50) dos animais avaliados encontravam-se infectados, em grau de leve a moderado, por helmintos das famílias Strongylidae 32,55% (14/ 43), Trichostrongylidae 30,23% (13/43), Ascarididae 25,58% (11/43) e fammília Oxyuridae 11,62% (5/43).
The health and well-being of animals used in the police and assisted therapy service is linked to nutritional and preventive care. Routine preventions include control of intestinal parasites. The objective of this work was to identify the occurrence of gastrointestinal helminth eggs in horses in service horses in the Mounted Police Squadron / Salvador-BA. The methodology used was qualitative evaluation of 50 feces, analyzed by the Willis-Mollay fluctuation method adapted and quantitative egg count per gram (OPG). It was possible to observe that 86% (43/50) of the animals obtained were infected to a degree of mild to moderate by helminths of the Strongylidae families 32.55% (14/43), Trichostrongylidae 30.23% (13/43), Ascarididae 25.58% (11/43) and family Oxyuridae 11.62% (5/43).
Assuntos
Animais , Contagem de Ovos de Parasitas/veterinária , Infecções Equinas por Strongyloidea/epidemiologia , Tricostrongiloidíase/epidemiologia , Infecções por Ascaridida/epidemiologia , Helmintos/isolamento & purificação , Cavalos/parasitologia , Brasil , Oxyurida/isolamento & purificação , Ascaridídios/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Libyostrongylus douglassii, Libyostrongylus dentatus and Libyostrongylus magnus are nematodes that infect ostriches. The first species has been identified in ostriches from Africa, Europe, Americas and Oceania. Although the natural range of ostriches is Africa, L. dentatus was first described in birds from the USA and later identified in Brazil, where co-infections with L. douglassii have been commonly reported. Libyostrongylus magnus is known from the original description only. There are a few reports on infections with L. douglassii in ostriches from Africa and all farmed birds examined are from the southern region of the continent. The aim of this report was to verify Libyostrongylus spp. infections in wild ostriches from Ethiopia. Fecal samples from ostriches, Struthio molybdophanes, were collected and submitted to coproculture. Infective larvae were identified to the species level based on general morphology and morphometry. In addition, phylogenetic analysis of the first and second internal transcribed spacer (ITS1 and ITS2) of the nuclear ribosomal DNA was performed. RESULTS: Infective larvae from Ethiopian ostriches had the morphological characteristics of L. dentatus. Confidence interval estimate for sheath tail length from Ethiopian Libyostrongylus sp. isolates overlapped one for Brazilian L. dentatus. Neighbor-joining and Maximum Likelihood phylogenetic trees based on sequences of the ITS1 and ITS2 regions revealed that the Ethiopian samples belong to the L. dentatus species clade. Monospecific infections with L. dentatus were confirmed in Ethiopian wild ostriches, opposed to the co-infections typically found in the Americas. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this is the first record of L. dentatus from African ostriches, the region from which this parasite originated.
Assuntos
Doenças das Aves/epidemiologia , Struthioniformes/parasitologia , Trichostrongyloidea/genética , Trichostrongyloidea/isolamento & purificação , Tricostrongiloidíase/veterinária , América/epidemiologia , Animais , Animais Selvagens/parasitologia , Doenças das Aves/parasitologia , DNA Espaçador Ribossômico/genética , Etiópia/epidemiologia , Fezes/parasitologia , Larva , Filogenia , Trichostrongyloidea/classificação , Tricostrongiloidíase/epidemiologia , Tricostrongiloidíase/parasitologiaRESUMO
A new species of Heligmonellidae (Trichostrongylina, Heligmosomoidea), Stilestrongylus kaaguyporai n. sp. is described from the small intestine of Euryoryzomys russatus (Rodentia, Cricetidae, Sigmodontinae) from the Argentine Atlantic Forest, in the Misiones province. The new species was found at Campo Anexo Manuel Belgrano, Reserva de Vida Silvestre Urugua-í and Parque Provincial Urugua-í, with a prevalence of 73% in 15 hosts examined. Stilestrongylus includes 24 Neotropical species, all parasitic in rodents, mostly Sigmodontinae. Stilestrongylus kaaguyporai n. sp. can be differentiated from its congeners by the following characters: caudal bursa dissymmetrical with right lobe larger and pattern of type1-4 in both lobes, rays 6 not forming a lateral trident with rays 4 and 5, rays 8 with dissymmetrical pathway, genital cone hypertrophied with a conspicuous hood-like projection and females with a marked dorso-ventral torsion of the posterior end. This report is the second record of a Stilestrongylus species in E. russatus, increasing to nine the number of parasitic species known from this host.
Assuntos
Arvicolinae/parasitologia , Intestino Delgado/parasitologia , Doenças dos Roedores/parasitologia , Sigmodontinae/parasitologia , Trichostrongyloidea , Animais , Argentina/epidemiologia , Feminino , Florestas , Genitália , Masculino , Trichostrongyloidea/anatomia & histologia , Trichostrongyloidea/classificação , Trichostrongyloidea/isolamento & purificação , Tricostrongiloidíase/epidemiologiaRESUMO
We report the finding of 2 species of Pudica (Nematoda: Heligmonellidae: Pudicinae) in 2 rodents endemic to Chile, the common degu Octodon degus (Octodontidae) and the Bennett's chinchilla rat Abrocoma bennettii (Abrocomidae). Pudica degusi ( Babero and Cattan, 1975 ) n. comb., originally described as a species of Longistriata (Heligmosomidae), was found in the common degu; through the study of its synlophe, the species is reassigned to the Heligmonellidae: Pudicinae and the genus Pudica, and it is revalidated through comparison with the remaining species of the genus. Pudica cattani n. sp. is described from both O. degus and A. bennettii. It is characterized by its large body size, bursal pattern of type 1-3-1 on right lobe, 1-3-1 tending to 1-4 on left lobe, synlophe with 11 ridges including a careen, dorsal ray of the bursa dividing proximally and bursal rays 9 and 10 relatively short. Pudica degusi n. comb. and Pudica cattani n. sp. were found in the same host species but not as coparasitic in the same individuals. The common degu is confirmed as the sole and primary host of Pudica degusi n. comb. It is unlikely that it is the primary host for Pudica cattani n. sp., whose host affinities are less clear mainly due to the scarcity of data. Pudica cattani n. sp. is the first helminth reported from the Bennett's chinchilla rat. Both findings enlarge the host range of the Pudicinae to the families Octodontidae and Abrocomidae, i.e., 9 out of the 11 extant families of caviomorphs, thereby establishing the presence of this nematode subfamily as typical parasites of the Neotropical Hystricognathi.
Assuntos
Enteropatias Parasitárias/veterinária , Doenças dos Roedores/parasitologia , Roedores/parasitologia , Trichostrongyloidea/classificação , Tricostrongiloidíase/veterinária , Animais , Chile/epidemiologia , Feminino , Enteropatias Parasitárias/epidemiologia , Enteropatias Parasitárias/parasitologia , Intestino Delgado/parasitologia , Masculino , Prevalência , Doenças dos Roedores/epidemiologia , Roedores/classificação , Trichostrongyloidea/anatomia & histologia , Trichostrongyloidea/isolamento & purificação , Tricostrongiloidíase/epidemiologia , Tricostrongiloidíase/parasitologiaRESUMO
The objectives of the present study were: (1) to report the percentage of cattle farms with gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs) resistant to levamisole in Veracruz, Mexico, (2) to identify the genera of GINs involved in resistance, and (3) to identify factors associated with these resistances. The faecal egg count reduction test (McMaster technique) was used to detect the presence of resistant GINs. A questionnaire was given to owners to understand the history of anthelmintic use. The percentage of cattle farms with GINs resistant to levamisole was 36.4% (4/11). The percentage of faecal egg count reduction on resistant farms was 91%, 82%, 42% and 88%. A similar number of cattle farms (4/11) were identified as potentially having levamisole resistance. Only three farms had GIN populations susceptible to levamisole. Cooperia spp. was the genus most commonly found to be resistant, followed by Haemonchus spp., Ostertagia spp. and Oesophagostomum spp. No factors were identified that influenced the presence of GIN resistance. However, there were identified inappropriate anthelmintic practices in cattle farms that should be improved. None of the farmers weighed their animals in order to dose them correctly with anthelmintics. Six cattle farms (54.5%) applied anthelmintics to new arriving animals. This is the first report of levamisole resistant GINs in Mexico. Improving the use of anthelmintics and measures of quarantine for infected cattle will help control the spread of resistance.
Assuntos
Anti-Helmínticos/uso terapêutico , Doenças dos Bovinos/epidemiologia , Resistência a Medicamentos , Levamisol/uso terapêutico , Trichostrongyloidea/efeitos dos fármacos , Tricostrongiloidíase/veterinária , Animais , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças dos Bovinos/parasitologia , Fezes/parasitologia , Trato Gastrointestinal/parasitologia , Haemonchus/efeitos dos fármacos , Haemonchus/isolamento & purificação , México/epidemiologia , Ostertagia/efeitos dos fármacos , Ostertagia/isolamento & purificação , Contagem de Ovos de Parasitas/veterinária , Trichostrongyloidea/isolamento & purificação , Tricostrongiloidíase/tratamento farmacológico , Tricostrongiloidíase/epidemiologia , Tricostrongiloidíase/parasitologiaRESUMO
Mecistocirrus digitatus is a hematophagous abomasal nematode which causes significant blood and production losses in cattle. The objectives of the present study were to: (1) report the reappearance of M. digitatus in cattle from the Mexican tropics using microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and molecular identification, and (2) determine the prevalence of M. digitatus in slaughtered adult cattle from the Mexican tropics. Gastroinestinal nematodes (GIN) were recovered from the abomasum of an 8-yr-old cow (Holstein × Zebu) previously diagnosed with Johne's disease. Of 1,254 GIN, 98.8% were identified as M. digitatus and 1.2% as Haemonchus sp. SEM was used to identify ultrastructure features of M. digitatus (oral cavity, cervical papillae, bursa, bursa lobes papillae, male spicules, anus, and female vulva). A conventional PCR method was used to corroborate the morphological findings. The prevalence of adult cattle infected with M. digitatus and Haemonchus sp., determined from 68 adult cattle from different grazing tropical herds, was 38.2% and 8.8%, respectively. Ninety-eight percent of animals infected with M. digitatus presented lesions in their abomasum such as mucosal inflammation, hemorrhage, and ulcers; some of them had necrosis. The current reappearance of M. digitatus in a Mexican herd suggests the possibility of an underestimated prevalence of this nematode amongst grazing cattle.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Bovinos/parasitologia , Trichostrongyloidea/isolamento & purificação , Tricostrongiloidíase/veterinária , Abomaso/parasitologia , Animais , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/epidemiologia , DNA de Helmintos/química , DNA de Helmintos/isolamento & purificação , Feminino , Hemoncose/epidemiologia , Hemoncose/parasitologia , Hemoncose/veterinária , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura/veterinária , Prevalência , RNA de Helmintos/genética , Alinhamento de Sequência/veterinária , Trichostrongyloidea/genética , Trichostrongyloidea/ultraestrutura , Tricostrongiloidíase/epidemiologia , Tricostrongiloidíase/parasitologia , Clima TropicalRESUMO
Libyostrongylus genus contains three species of gastrointestinal nematodes that infect ostriches. Of these, only Libyostrongylus douglassii has been implicated in diseases and lower productivity. A morphological diagnosis method allowing the discrimination of infective larvae of L. douglassii and Libyostrongylus dentatus and the evaluation of eggs per gram of feces (EPG) was used to determine the population dynamics of both species from two ostrich farms located in the northern region of the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The presence of these nematodes was monitored every 15 days for two years. The average EPG was 4631 and 587 on farms 1 and 2, respectively. Overall, the highest values of EPG were associated with the rainy season on both farms. However, only on farm 1 the rainy season correlated statistically with EPG. Both species of Libyostrongylus occurred on both farms with a higher predominance (86%) of L. douglassii on farm 1, whereas the distribution of infection on farm 2 was more heterogeneous with a slight predominance of L. douglassii. The infection and the prevalence of these species may vary considerably according to the farm facilities, management adopted, and season.
Assuntos
Doenças das Aves/parasitologia , Struthioniformes/parasitologia , Trichostrongyloidea/fisiologia , Tricostrongiloidíase/veterinária , Animais , Doenças das Aves/epidemiologia , Tamanho Corporal , Brasil/epidemiologia , Fezes/parasitologia , Larva , Dinâmica Populacional , Prevalência , Chuva , Estações do Ano , Temperatura , Trichostrongyloidea/anatomia & histologia , Tricostrongiloidíase/epidemiologia , Tricostrongiloidíase/parasitologiaRESUMO
A new species of Heligmonellidae nematode, Guerrerostrongylus gomesae n. sp., is described from specimens collected from the small intestine of the rodent Oecomys mamorae Thomas, 1906 in the Brazilian Pantanal. It differs from the 2 other species of the genus by the number of ridges in the synlophe 35-46 and 40-48 at the midbody in the male and female, respectively, by rays 8 arising at midlength of the dorsal trunk, ending near the margin of the caudal bursa, and the dorsal ray divided at the second-third part into 2 branches, each branch divided into 2 subequal subbranches. In addition, specimens of Guerrerostrongylus zetta Travassos, 1937 collected in Oligoryzomys nigripes Olfers, 1818 contain synlophe with 36-42 cuticular ridges in males and 38-42 in females at the midbody. By the characteristics of the synlophe and caudal bursa, Gerrerostrongylus gomesae n. sp. is considered a new species. We suggest that the number of cuticular ridges for this genus broadens the range of the cuticular ridges to at least 35 at midbody.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Roedores/parasitologia , Sigmodontinae/parasitologia , Trichostrongyloidea/anatomia & histologia , Tricostrongiloidíase/veterinária , Animais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Feminino , Masculino , Prevalência , Doenças dos Roedores/epidemiologia , Trichostrongyloidea/classificação , Tricostrongiloidíase/epidemiologia , Tricostrongiloidíase/parasitologiaRESUMO
Two species of Guerrerostrongylus Sutton and Durette-Desset, 1991, are reported in cricetid rodents from the Atlantic rain forest of Misiones, Argentina. Guerrerostrongylus zetta (Travassos, 1937) is redescribed on the basis of material collected from Oligoryzomys nigripes from Argentina and material loaned by CHIOC from Brazil. It is characterized by a synlophe with about 40-45 (35-48) well-developed cuticular ridges, caudal bursa with long rays 6 and dorsal ray divided at mid-length, and well-sclerotized spicules with marked twisting. It was found with a prevalence of 100% in O. nigripes (14 hosts examined); however, it was not found in its type host Nectomys squamipes (4 hosts examined). Guerrerostrongylus ulysi n. sp., which is described from Sooretamys angouya , differs from the remaining species in the genus mainly by a synlophe with a strong reduction of the cuticular ridges and struts on the right side, and by a heart-shaped caudal bursa, with short rays 6 and a dorsal ray divided distally. It was found with a prevalence of 100% in 5 hosts examined.