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O aneurisma é uma dilatação anormal e permanente das artérias, resultante do enfraquecimento da parede do vaso adelgaçamento da camada média e enfraquecimento da camada elástica. Em animais, a maioria dos casos de aneurisma tem origem idiopática e são detectados acidentalmente durante a necropsia. O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar um caso de aneurisma aórtico com trombose associada em Bugio-preto(Alouatta caraya), bem como seus aspectos patológicos. O animal era adulto, macho, pertencente ao Centro Nacional de Primatas (CENP), na cidade de Ananindeua-PA, foi encaminhado para exame necroscópico para investigação da causa mortis. No histórico do animal, não constava qualquer enfermidade. O animal apresentava bom escore de condição corporal com preservação da topografia anatômica dos órgãos. Entretanto, observou-se presença de aumento de volume localizado em aorta torácica, a 1,4 cm da base do coração. Na abertura aórtica foi observado dilatações de tamanhos variados e, no interior da maior dilatação, notou-se uma estrutura de coloração vermelho escuro, aderida, de aspecto seco e superfície áspera, medindo 1,5 cm. Aneurismas aórticos em primatas não humanos não são comuns, porém já foram reportados na literatura. O diagnóstico precoce utilizando exames complementares é importante, porém, ainda há recursos não empregados na rotina veterinária tornando ainda mais difícil o diagnóstico e prevenção. Por isso, na medicina veterinária, os aneurismas são detectados acidentalmente durante a necropsia. Com base nos achados anatomopatológicos, concluiu-se que o animal veio a óbito por trombose associada a aneurisma aórtico.

An aneurysm is an abnormal and permanent dilation of the arteries, resulting from the weakening of the vessel wall.thinning of the middle layer and weakening of the elastic layer. In animals, most cases of aneurysm are idiopathic. This paper aimed to report a case of aortic aneurysm with associated thrombosis in a black-and-gold howler monkey(Alouatta caraya), as well as its pathological aspects. The animal was an adult, male, belonging to the National Primate Center (CENP), in the city of Ananindeua-PA, that was referred for necroscopic examination to investigate the causa mortis. In the animal's history, there was no disease. The animal had a good body condition score with preservation of the anatomical topography of the organs. However, there was an increase in volume located in the thoracic aorta, 1.4 cm from the base of the heart. In the aortic opening, dilations of different sizes were observed, and inside the largest dilatation, a structure of dark red color, adhered, with a dry appearance and rough surface, measuring 1.5 cm was noted in addition to dilations of different sizes. Inside the largest cavitation, a dark red structure was observed, adhered, with a dry appearance and rough surface, measuring 1.5 cm. Aortic aneurysms in non-human primates are incommon, but have been reported in the literature. Early diagnosis using complementary exams is important, however, there are still resources not used in the veterinary routine, making diagnosis and prevention even more difficult. Therefore, in veterinary medicine, aneurysms are accidentally detected during necropsy. Based on the anatomopathological findings, it was concluded that the animal died due to thrombosis associated with an aortic aneurysm.

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Background: Thrombophlebitis represents the main disease of the cardiovascular system of horses, its occurrence is strongly associated with the use of inappropriate materials and techniques. Its clinical presentation varies according to the degree of vessel obstruction and the appearance of complications, in the diagnosis it is essential to assess the extent of damage and the severity of the case. Establishing appropriate treatments, it should be noted that these are mostly clinical, reserving surgical interventions for severe cases, so the aim of the study is report a case of hemorrhagic septic thrombophlebitis treated by partial phlebectomy of the left jugular vein. Case: A 9-year-old male castrated equine, with no defined racial pattern, weighing 345 kg, used in the practice of vaquejada was attended at the Veterinary Hospital (HV) of the Federal University of Campina Grande (UFCG), Campus Patos (PB). During the anamnesis, it was reported that the animal presented colic a month ago, it was treated, recovered and since then, it started presenting an area with increase in volume in the neck region that ruptured the day before the HV attendance, where blood and pus came from. On physical exam, slight edema was noted in the left masseteric region, a volume rise involving the middle and cranial third of the neck with firm consistency in the left jugular sulcus, sensitivity to palpation and little drainage of purulent bloody secretion was observed. Additionally, tachycardia, tachypnea and intestinal hypomotility were found. In turn, in the ultrasound exam, a hypoechoic structure was seen, causing partial obstruction of the vessel, proximal to the fistulated region and total obstruction distal to it. With this information, antibiotic therapy was prescribed, a warm compress followed by the use of anti-inflammatory gel every 8 h. By choice of the owner, the animal returned to the farm, in the next day returned to the Veterinary Hospital, due to...

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The aim of this report was to describe a case of aortic thrombosis (AT) secondary to chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Although, different types of neoplasms are described as possible causes of aortic thrombosis, CLL was not yet considered. The dog showed signs of lameness that worsened with exercise. The diagnosis of AT was made by ultrasound examination. The diagnosis of CLL was made by necropsy, which showed the presence of small lymphocytes with the appearance of mature lymphocytes in the bone marrow, spleen, liver and kidneys. The importance of including CLL in the possible causes of AT in dogs, in addition to the suspicion of AT in cases of neuromuscular disease, was highlighted.(AU)

O objetivo do presente relato é descrever um caso de trombose aórtica (AT) secundária a leucemia linfocítica crônica (LLC). Embora diferentes tipos de neoplasmas sejam descritos como possíveis causas de trombose aórtica, a LLC ainda não foi considerada. O cão mostrou sinais de claudicação que pioravam com o exercício. O diagnóstico de AT foi realizado por exame ultrassonográfico. O diagnóstico de LLC foi feito por necropsia, que mostrou a presença de pequenos linfócitos com aparência de linfócitos maduros na medula óssea, baço, fígado e rins. Destaca-se a importância da inclusão da LLC nas possíveis causas de AT em cães, além da suspeita de AT em casos de doença neuromuscular.(AU)

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Arterial thromboembolism (ATE) is an acute and severe clinical condition resulting from the formation of a thrombus and its accommodation in an artery, impairing the perfusion of tissues irrigated by it. In felines, it is often related to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, but there are reports of its association with neoplasms. Ischemia and reperfusion syndrome may occur secondary to ATE and result in difficult to correct electrolyte and acid-base imbalances. The aim of the present study is to describe a case of ATE, including its clinical and laboratory findings and electrolyte and acid-base changes compatible with ischemia and reperfusion syndrome. A 14-year-old crossbreed female feline with sudden pelvic limb paralysis was treated at the Feline Medicine Service of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul. Clinical and laboratory alterations included hypothermia, hypotension, bradycardia, azotemia, metabolic acidosis, and hyperkalemia. The electrocardiogram indicated sinoventricular rhythm, and echocardiogram evaluation showed no alterations. Thorax radiographic evaluation revealed areas of higher radiopacity in the pulmonary fields. We opted for abdominal aorta arteriotomy as an emergency treatment for thrombus removal. The feline died in the postoperative period, and histopathological examination of lungs, mediastinal lymph nodes, and heart were performed, being compatible with pulmonary adenocarcinoma with lymph node metastasis. This study deals with a case of ATE of possible neoplastic origin, which is uncommon in cats. In this case, the patient had difficult-to-manage hemodynamic impairment, as well as electrolyte and acid-base balance disorders severe and refractory to therapy, culminating in death. The time to start treatment from the presentation of clinical signs may be determinant in therapeutic success, reducing the possible effects of reperfusion syndrome.(AU)

O tromboembolismo arterial (TEA) é uma condição clínica aguda e grave decorrente da formação de um trombo e seu alojamento em uma artéria, prejudicando a perfusão dos tecidos irrigados por ela. Em felinos, está frequentemente relacionado com a cardiomiopatia hipertrófica, porém existem relatos da sua associação com neoplasias. A síndrome de isquemia e reperfusão pode ocorrer secundária ao TEA e resultar em desequilíbrios eletrolíticos e ácido-base de difícil correção. O objetivo do presente trabalho é descrever um caso de TEA, incluindo seus achados clínico-laboratoriais e as alterações eletrolíticas e acidobásicas compatíveis com a síndrome de isquemia e reperfusão. Foi atendido no Serviço de Medicina de Felinos da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul um felino, sem raça definida (S.R.D.), fêmea, de 14 anos de idade, com paralisia súbita dos membros pélvicos. As alterações clínicas e laboratoriais incluíram hipotermia, hipotensão, bradicardia, azotemia, acidose metabólica e hipercalemia. O eletrocardiograma indicou ritmo sinoventricular e a avaliação do ecocardiograma não mostrou alterações. A avaliação radiográfica do tórax revelou áreas de maior radiopacidade nos campos pulmonares. Optou-se pela arteriotomia da aorta abdominal como tratamento emergencial para a retirada do trombo. O felino veio a óbito no pós-operatório e foi realizado exame histopatológico dos pulmões, linfonodos mediastinais e do coração, que foi compatível com adenocarcinoma pulmonar com metástase para o linfonodo. O presente trabalho trata de um caso de TEA de possível origem neoplásica, o que é pouco comum em gatos. Neste caso, o paciente apresentou comprometimento hemodinâmico de difícil manejo, além de desordens eletrolíticas e do equilíbrio ácido-base graves e refratárias a terapia, culminando em óbito. O tempo do início do tratamento a partir da apresentação dos sinais clínicos pode ser determinante no sucesso terapêutico, reduzindo os...(AU)

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Arterial thromboembolism (ATE) is an acute and severe clinical condition resulting from the formation of a thrombus and its accommodation in an artery, impairing the perfusion of tissues irrigated by it. In felines, it is often related to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, but there are reports of its association with neoplasms. Ischemia and reperfusion syndrome may occur secondary to ATE and result in difficult to correct electrolyte and acid-base imbalances. The aim of the present study is to describe a case of ATE, including its clinical and laboratory findings and electrolyte and acid-base changes compatible with ischemia and reperfusion syndrome. A 14-year-old crossbreed female feline with sudden pelvic limb paralysis was treated at the Feline Medicine Service of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul. Clinical and laboratory alterations included hypothermia, hypotension, bradycardia, azotemia, metabolic acidosis, and hyperkalemia. The electrocardiogram indicated sinoventricular rhythm, and echocardiogram evaluation showed no alterations. Thorax radiographic evaluation revealed areas of higher radiopacity in the pulmonary fields. We opted for abdominal aorta arteriotomy as an emergency treatment for thrombus removal. The feline died in the postoperative period, and histopathological examination of lungs, mediastinal lymph nodes, and heart were performed, being compatible with pulmonary adenocarcinoma with lymph node metastasis. This study deals with a case of ATE of possible neoplastic origin, which is uncommon in cats. In this case, the patient had difficult-to-manage hemodynamic impairment, as well as electrolyte and acid-base balance disorders severe and refractory to therapy, culminating in death. The time to start treatment from the presentation of clinical signs may be determinant in therapeutic success, reducing the possible effects of reperfusion syndrome.

O tromboembolismo arterial (TEA) é uma condição clínica aguda e grave decorrente da formação de um trombo e seu alojamento em uma artéria, prejudicando a perfusão dos tecidos irrigados por ela. Em felinos, está frequentemente relacionado com a cardiomiopatia hipertrófica, porém existem relatos da sua associação com neoplasias. A síndrome de isquemia e reperfusão pode ocorrer secundária ao TEA e resultar em desequilíbrios eletrolíticos e ácido-base de difícil correção. O objetivo do presente trabalho é descrever um caso de TEA, incluindo seus achados clínico-laboratoriais e as alterações eletrolíticas e acidobásicas compatíveis com a síndrome de isquemia e reperfusão. Foi atendido no Serviço de Medicina de Felinos da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul um felino, sem raça definida (S.R.D.), fêmea, de 14 anos de idade, com paralisia súbita dos membros pélvicos. As alterações clínicas e laboratoriais incluíram hipotermia, hipotensão, bradicardia, azotemia, acidose metabólica e hipercalemia. O eletrocardiograma indicou ritmo sinoventricular e a avaliação do ecocardiograma não mostrou alterações. A avaliação radiográfica do tórax revelou áreas de maior radiopacidade nos campos pulmonares. Optou-se pela arteriotomia da aorta abdominal como tratamento emergencial para a retirada do trombo. O felino veio a óbito no pós-operatório e foi realizado exame histopatológico dos pulmões, linfonodos mediastinais e do coração, que foi compatível com adenocarcinoma pulmonar com metástase para o linfonodo. O presente trabalho trata de um caso de TEA de possível origem neoplásica, o que é pouco comum em gatos. Neste caso, o paciente apresentou comprometimento hemodinâmico de difícil manejo, além de desordens eletrolíticas e do equilíbrio ácido-base graves e refratárias a terapia, culminando em óbito. O tempo do início do tratamento a partir da apresentação dos sinais clínicos pode ser determinante no sucesso terapêutico, reduzindo os...

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Hypercortisolism is a common endocrinopathy in dogs; however, in a few cases, bilateral functional adrenocortical adenomas cause spontaneous disease, and thrombotic events are considered uncommon complications. The aim of this report was to describe a case of bilateral adrenocortical adenoma in a dog with hyperadrenocorticism associated with distal aortic and iliac thrombosis, with emphasis on clinical and pathological aspects. A 15-year-old spayed female Dachshund with a previous clinical history of hyperadrenocorticism presented with acute bilateral hindlimb paraparesis. A vertebral thoracolumbar radiography was performed and did not present any evidence of intervertebral disk disease or vertebral abnormalities; however, abdominal ultrasound and vascular Doppler evaluation revealed bilateral adrenal enlargement in addition to an aortic and external iliac artery thrombus. The animal was euthanized. At necropsy, both adrenal glands were enlarged by well-demarcated neoplastic nodules in the parenchyma, and a thrombus caudal to the abdominal aorta bifurcation within the external iliac arteries that extended to the left external iliac artery was noted. Histological evaluation revealed a well-differentiated neoplastic proliferation of cortical epithelial cells, consistent with bilateral adenoma, and muscular necrosis in the pelvic limbs was also observed. Bilateral functional adrenocortical adenoma; although, very rare, should be considered as a cause of hypercortisolism, and aortic thrombosis in dogs should be considered as a possible consequence.(AU)

Hipercortisolismo é uma endocrinopatia comum em cães, no entanto, apenas em poucos casos adenomas adrenocorticais funcionais bilaterais são a causa de doença espontânea, e eventos trombóticos são considerados complicações incomuns. O objetivo deste relato foi descrever um caso de adenoma adrenocortical bilateral em um cão com hiperadrenocorticismo associado a trombose aórtica distal e ilíaca, com ênfase nos aspectos clínicos e patológicos. Um cão, Dachshund, fêmea castrada, de 15 anos, com histórico clínico prévio de hiperadrenocorticismo, apresentou paraparesia aguda dos membros posteriores. Foi realizada radiografia toracolombar vertebral, a qual não mostrou nenhuma evidência de doença do disco intervertebral ou anormalidades vertebrais; no entanto, ultrassonografia abdominal e Doppler vascular revelaram um trombo na aorta e artéria ilíaca externa, e adrenomegalia bilateral. O animal foi submetido à eutanásia. Na necropsia, ambas as adrenais estavam distendidas por nódulos neoplásicos bem delimitados no parênquima e notou-se um trombo caudalmente à bifurcação da aorta abdominal às artérias ilíacas externas, estendendo-se à ilíaca externa esquerda. Na avaliação histológica observou-se proliferação neoplásica bem diferenciada de células epiteliais corticais, consistente com adenoma bilateral; também foi observada necrose muscular nos membros pélvicos. O adenoma adrenocortical funcional bilateral, embora muito raro, deve ser considerado uma causa de hipercortisolismo, e a trombose aórtica em cães deve ser considerada uma possível consequência.(AU)

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As miocardiopatias hipertróficas observadas frequentemente, apresentam complexa fisiopatologia clínica e não são completamente elucidadas. Uma das causas conhecidas para a doença é a presença da mutação no gene MYPBC3, responsável pela contractilidade e relaxamento dos sarcômeros no miocárdio. Uma das consequências relacionadas ao desenvolvimento destas doenças é a presença e formação de trombos, por ocorrência de estase sanguínea e exposição de tromboplastina tecidual. A principal ferramenta diagnóstica para a prevenção ou tratamento da doença é o ecocardiograma. Esta revisão elucida aspectos sobre a fisiopatologia da doença e a sua relação com a presença ou ausência de tromboembolismo.(AU)

The hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is observed frequently in clinical practice, is a disease with a complex clinical pathophysiology and are not completely elucidated. A principal cause was reported for this disease is the presence of the mutation in the MYPBC3 gene, responsible for the capacity of contractility and relaxation of sarcomeres in the myocardio. One of the consequences related to the development of these diseases is the presence and formation of thromboses, due to the occurrence of blood stasis in the left atrium and exposure of tissue thromboplastin. The main diagnostic tool for the prevention or treatment of the disease is the echocardiogram. This review elucidates aspects about the pathophysiology of the disease and its relation to the presence or absence of thromboembolism.(AU)

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As miocardiopatias hipertróficas observadas frequentemente, apresentam complexa fisiopatologia clínica e não são completamente elucidadas. Uma das causas conhecidas para a doença é a presença da mutação no gene MYPBC3, responsável pela contractilidade e relaxamento dos sarcômeros no miocárdio. Uma das consequências relacionadas ao desenvolvimento destas doenças é a presença e formação de trombos, por ocorrência de estase sanguínea e exposição de tromboplastina tecidual. A principal ferramenta diagnóstica para a prevenção ou tratamento da doença é o ecocardiograma. Esta revisão elucida aspectos sobre a fisiopatologia da doença e a sua relação com a presença ou ausência de tromboembolismo.

The hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is observed frequently in clinical practice, is a disease with a complex clinical pathophysiology and are not completely elucidated. A principal cause was reported for this disease is the presence of the mutation in the MYPBC3 gene, responsible for the capacity of contractility and relaxation of sarcomeres in the myocardio. One of the consequences related to the development of these diseases is the presence and formation of thromboses, due to the occurrence of blood stasis in the left atrium and exposure of tissue thromboplastin. The main diagnostic tool for the prevention or treatment of the disease is the echocardiogram. This review elucidates aspects about the pathophysiology of the disease and its relation to the presence or absence of thromboembolism.

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A free-ranging, male, yearling Guadalupe fur seal ( Arctocephalus philippii townsendi) died due to multifocal verminous vasculitis with thrombosis and several embolic infarcts in liver, kidney, and brain. Nematodes extracted from lung blood vessels were identified as Parafilaroides decorus, a parasite normally found in alveoli of California sea lions ( Zalophus californianus).

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Background: Mitral valve stenosis is a congenital or acquired condition characterized by the narrowing of the orifice of the mitral valve of the heart. It causes flow obstruction and inadequate left ventricular filling, leading to increased left atrial pressure, left atrial and auricle enlargement, pulmonary venous congestion, and left-sided congestive heart failure. Mitral valve stenosis is extremely rare in dogs, and mitral valve stenosis associated with thrombus is even less common in this species. The etiology of thrombus development in mitral valve stenosis in dogs is still not clear. In human beings, mitral valve stenosis associated with thrombus has been related to rheumatic fever. This paper aims to report a case of mitral valve stenosis associated with a left auricle thrombus in a dog.Case: A small mixed-breed, 9-year-old, spayed female dog was received by the emergency service of the veterinary hospital a few hours after a syncopal episode. The dog presented dyspnea, apathy, and appetite loss for a week. At physical examination, the dog had pale and cyanotic mucous membranes, 92 mmHg systolic blood pressure, 7% dehydration, and 36.9°C rectal temperature. Cardiac auscultation revealed tachyarrhythmia and diastolic murmur grade IV/VI on the left cardiac apex. During pulmonary auscultation, bilateral crackles were noted. Electrocardiography showed sinus tachycardia with supraventricular tachycardia episodes, increased P wave amplitude and duration, and increased QRS complex duration. Generalized cardiomegaly was noted in thoracic radiography with enlarged left atrium, left cardiac edge bulging, pulmonary hypertension and congestion signs, as well as areas of pulmonary opacification.[...](AU)

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