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Background: Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is the most serious manifestation of coronary heart disease. The Infarction Code (according to its initialism in Spanish, CI: Código Infarto) program aims to improve the care of these patients. Objective: To describe the clinical presentation and outcomes of CI program in a coronary care unit (CCU). Material and methods: A database of a CCU with 5 years of consecutive records was analyzed. Patients diagnosed with ACS were included. The groups with acute myocardial infarction with and without ST-segment elevation were compared using Student's t, Mann-Whitney U and chi-squared tests. We calculated the relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) of cardiovascular risk factors for mortality. Results: A total of 4678 subjects were analyzed, 78.7% men, mean age 63 years (± 10.7). 80.76% presented acute myocardial infarction with positive ST-segment elevation and fibrinolytic was granted in 60.8% of cases. Percutaneous coronary intervention was performed in 81.4% of patients, which was successful in 82.5% of events. Patients classified as CI presented mortality of 6.8% vs. 11.7%, p = 0.001. Invasive mechanical ventilation had an RR of 26.58 (95% CI: 20.61-34.3) and circulatory shock an RR of 20.86 (95% CI: 16.16-26.93). Conclusions: The CI program decreased mortality by 4.9%. Early fibrinolysis and successful coronary angiography are protective factors for mortality within CCU.

Introducción: el síndrome coronario agudo (SICA) es la manifestación más grave de la enfermedad coronaria. El programa Código Infarto (CI) tiene como objetivo mejorar la atención de estos pacientes. Objetivo: describir la presentación clínica y los resultados del programa CI de una unidad de cuidados coronarios (UCC). Material y métodos: se analizó una base de datos de una UCC con 5 años de registros consecutivos. Se incluyeron pacientes con diagnóstico de SICA. Se compararon los grupos con infarto agudo de miocardio con y sin elevación del segmento ST mediante las pruebas t de Student, U de Mann-Whitney y chi cuadrada. Se calculó el riesgo relativo (RR) y el intervalo de confianza del 95% (IC 95%) de los factores de riesgo cardiovascular para mortalidad. Resultados: se analizaron 4678 sujetos, 78.7% hombres, con media de edad de 63 años (± 10.7). El 80.76% presentó infarto agudo de miocardio con desnivel positivo del segmento ST y se otorgó fibrinolítico en el 60.8% de los casos. Se realizó intervencionismo coronario percutáneo en el 81.4% de los pacientes, el cual fue exitoso en el 82.5% de los eventos. Los pacientes catalogados como CI presentaron mortalidad del 6.8% frente a 11.7%, p = 0.001. La ventilación mecánica invasiva tuvo una RR de 26.58 (IC 95%: 20.61-34.3) y el choque circulatorio una RR de 20.86 (IC 95%: 16.16-26.93). Conclusiones: el programa CI disminuyó 4.9% la mortalidad. La fibrinólisis temprana y la angiografía coronaria exitosa son factores protectores para mortalidad dentro de la UCC.

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Introducción: El patrón de supradesnivel del segmento ST en aVR en el síndrome coronario agudo se asocia con un aumento de la mortalidad. Objetivo: Evaluar la relación entre el patrón de supradesnivel del segmento ST en aVR y las complicaciones cardiovasculares no letales. Método: Estudio observacional de corte transversal, con componente analítico de todos los pacientes ingresados con síndrome coronario agudo sin elevación del segmento ST, en el Hospital Universitario Manuel Fajardo de la Habana entre los años 2016 y 2020. Resultados: Predominó el sexo femenino en el primer grupo, con una mediana de 78 años. Hubo incidencia de cardiopatía isquémica (75 por ciento y 56,4 por ciento) e hipertensión arterial (78,8 por ciento y 85,8 por ciento ). Se determinó una relación estadística significativa entre el patrón con elevación del segmento ST en aVR y las complicaciones cardiovasculares con un riesgo relativo de 5,769 veces. Conclusiones: El patrón de supradesnivel del segmento ST en un síndrome coronario agudo sin elevación del segmento ST predice complicaciones intrahospitalarias cardiovasculares no letales(AU)

Introduction: The pattern of ST-segment elevation in aVR in acute coronary syndrome is associated with increased mortality. Objective: To evaluate the relationship between the pattern of ST-segment elevation in aVR and nonlethal cardiovascular complications. Methods: Observational cross-sectional study, with analytical component of all patients admitted with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome at the Manuel Fajardo University Hospital of Havana between 2016 and 2020. Results: Female gender predominated in the first group, with an average age of 78 years. There was incidence of ischemic heart disease (75 percent and 56.4 percent) and arterial hypertension (78.8 percent and 85.8 percent). A significant statistical relationship was determined between the pattern with ST-segment elevation in aVR and cardiovascular complications with a relative risk of 5.769 times. Conclusions: ST-segment suprathreshold pattern in non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome predicts non-lethal in-hospital cardiovascular complications(AU)

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RESUMO Objetivo: identificar as percepções dos enfermeiros de uma unidade coronariana sobre a relação entre a passagem de plantão, comunicação efetiva e o método SBAR. Método: estudo descritivo exploratório com abordagem qualitativa que buscou identificar as percepções dos enfermeiros sobre a relação entre a passagem de plantão, a comunicação efetiva e o método SBAR na unidade de terapia intensiva no processo realizado entre os turnos de trabalho, com indicativos para a construção de um instrumento estruturado para orientar e conduzir a troca de turnos, com a participação de 12 enfermeiros de uma unidade intensiva coronariana. Os dados foram obtidos no período de janeiro a julho de 2020 por meio oficina presencial antes da pandemia, e questionários foram submetidos à análise temática. Resultados: foram elencadas três categorias: Organização da passagem de plantão com enfermeiro e técnico de Enfermagem; Instrumentalização da passagem de plantão entre as equipes de Enfermagem; e Método SBAR na passagem de plantão, como base para a elaboração do instrumento de passagem de plantão. Evidenciou-se que a comunicação efetiva é um fator influenciador na passagem de plantão para a realização do cuidado de Enfermagem de forma continuada, evitando eventos adversos aos pacientes. Conclusão: confirma-se que, estratégias envolvendo a gestão hospitalar, como instrumentalizar e capacitar a equipe que está na linha de frente da atividade do plantão, acrescentam e enriquecem o cuidado sistematizado e humanizado.

RESUMEN Objetivo: identificar las percepciones del personal de enfermería de una unidad de cuidados coronarios sobre la relación entre el rostering, la comunicación efectiva y el método SBAR. Método: Estudio exploratorio descripti-vo con abordaje cualitativo, que buscaba identificar las percepciones de los enfermeros sobre la relación entre el paso de planta, la comunicación efectiva y el método SBAR, en la unidad de terapia intensiva en el proceso realizado entre los turnos de trabajo, con indicaciones para construir un instrumento estructurado para orientar y conducir la búsqueda de turnos con la participación de 12 enfermeros de una unidad intensiva coronaria. Los datos se obtuvieron de enero a julio de 2020, mediante un taller presencial antes de la pandemia y cuestionarios sometidos a análisis temáticos. Resultados: Se enumeraron tres categorías: Organización del paso de planta con el enfermero y el técnico de enfermería, instrumentalización del cambio de turno entre los equipos de enferme-ría y método SBAR en el cambio de turno, como base para la elaboración del instrumento de cambio de turno. Se demostró que la comunicación eficaz es un factor que influye en el paso de la planta para la realización del cuidado de la salud de forma continuada, evitando eventos adversos a los pacientes. Conclusión: Se confirma que las estrategias que implican a la dirección del hospital, como: potenciar y formar a este equipo que está en primera línea, en el liderazgo de la actividad de guardia, suma y enriquece la atención sistematizada y humanizada.

ABSTRACT Objective: to identify the perceptions of nurses in a coronary care unit about the relationship between shift change, effective communication, and the SBAR method. Method: descriptive exploratory study with a qualitative approach that sought to identify nurses' perceptions about the relationship between shift change, effective communication, and the SBAR method in the intensive care unit in the process carried out between work shifts, with indications for the construction of a structured instrument to guide and lead the shift change, with the participation of 12 nurses from a coronary intensive care unit. Data were obtained from January to July 2020 through a face-to-face workshop before the pandemic, and questionnaires were subjected to thematic analysis. Results: three categories were listed: Organization of the shift change with nurses and Nursing technicians; Instrumentalization of the shift change between the Nursing teams; and SBAR Method in the shift change, as a basis for the elaboration of the shift change instrument. It was evidenced that effective communication is an influencing factor in the shift change to carry out Nursing care in a continuous way, avoiding adverse events to patients. Conclusion: it is confirmed that strategies involving hospital management, such as equipping and training the team that is in the front line of the duty activity, add and enrich the systematized and humanized care.

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OBJECTIVE: To identify the need of family members of patients hospitalized in a coronary intensive care unit and their degree of satisfaction with the care provided. METHODS: An observational and cross-sectional study including family members of patients hospitalized in the coronary intensive care unit for acute coronary syndrome in Killip I or II. After the second visit of the same family member to the patient in the unit, a 43-item inventory of needs and stressors of family members was applied. Family members assessed each need for its importance and satisfaction using a four-point Likert scale. The scores in each dimension of importance and satisfaction were compared using the Wilcoxon test, considering a value of p<0.05 as significant. RESULTS: One hundred family members were interviewed. The most important needs were related to assurance and information. Family members had satisfaction scores corresponding to be very satisfied or totally satisfied, but with lower scores when compared to the needs scores (p<0.01). CONCLUSION: The most important needs of family members of patients hospitalized in the coronary intensive care unit were related to assurance and information. Multiprofessional interventions involving better communication of patient information to family members should be incorporated into the coronary intensive care unit.

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AIMS: Poor sleep is a frequent occurrence in the critical illness. Evaluate sleep quality and test the effect of a multi-intervention sleep care protocol in improving sleep quality in a coronary care unit (CCU). METHODS AND RESULTS: Quasi-experimental study, carried out in two phases. During the first phase, the control group (n = 58 patients) received usual care. Baseline sleep data were collected through the Richards-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire (RCSQ) and the Sleep in the Intensive Care Unit Questionnaire (SICUQ). During the second phase (n = 55 patients), a sleep care protocol was implemented. Interventions included actions to promote analgesia, reduce noise, brightness, and other general measures. Sleep data were collected again to assess the impact of these interventions. The intervention group had better scores in overall sleep depth [median (interquartile range)] [81 (65-96.7) vs. 69.7 (50-90); P = 0.046]; sleep fragmentation [90 (65-100) vs. 69 (42.2-92.7); P = 0.011]; return to sleep [90 (69.7-100) vs. 71.2 (40.7-96.5); P = 0.007]; sleep quality [85 (65-100) vs. 71.1 (49-98.1); P = 0.026]; and mean RCSQ score [83 (66-94) vs. 66.5 (45.7-87.2); P = 0.002] than the baseline group. The main barriers to sleep were pain [1 (1.0-5.5)], light [1 (1.0-5.0)], and noise [1 (1.0-5.0)]. The most rated sources of sleep-disturbing noise were heart monitor alarm [3 (1.0-5.25)], intravenous pump alarm [1.5 (1.0-5.00)]. and mechanical ventilator alarm [1 (1.0-5.0)]. All were significantly lower in the intervention group than in the baseline group. CONCLUSION: A multi-intervention protocol was feasible and effective in improving different sleep quality parameters and reducing some barriers to sleep in CCU patients.

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ABSTRACT Objective: To identify the need of family members of patients hospitalized in a coronary intensive care unit and their degree of satisfaction with the care provided. Methods: An observational and cross-sectional study including family members of patients hospitalized in the coronary intensive care unit for acute coronary syndrome in Killip I or II. After the second visit of the same family member to the patient in the unit, a 43-item inventory of needs and stressors of family members was applied. Family members assessed each need for its importance and satisfaction using a four-point Likert scale. The scores in each dimension of importance and satisfaction were compared using the Wilcoxon test, considering a value of p<0.05 as significant. Results: One hundred family members were interviewed. The most important needs were related to assurance and information. Family members had satisfaction scores corresponding to be very satisfied or totally satisfied, but with lower scores when compared to the needs scores (p<0.01). Conclusion: The most important needs of family members of patients hospitalized in the coronary intensive care unit were related to assurance and information. Multiprofessional interventions involving better communication of patient information to family members should be incorporated into the coronary intensive care unit.

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Introducción: El síndrome de Wellens constituye un equivalente del síndrome coronario agudo con elevación del segmento ST. Este incluye dos patrones electrocardiográficos que sugieren lesión crítica de la arteria descendente anterior. Objetivo: Evaluar probables factores asociados al síndrome de Wellens en pacientes con síndrome coronario agudo sin elevación del segmento ST y lesiones coronarias significativas en la arteria descendente anterior. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, analítico, transversal en pacientes con diagnóstico de síndrome coronario agudo sin elevación del ST y lesión significativa en la arteria descendente anterior, comprobada mediante coronariografía, ingresados en la unidad de cuidados coronarios intensivos del Hospital Clínico-Quirúrgico Manuel Fajardo entre el 2016 y 2019. Resultados: La edad media fue de 66 años, predominó el sexo masculino (53,9 por ciento) y el antecedente de hipertensión arterial (89,5 por ciento). Los pacientes con síndrome de Wellens tuvieron un significativo menor porcentaje de antecedente de cardiopatía isquémica (58,1 por ciento vs. 84,8 por ciento; p = 0,012). Además, el síndrome arrojó asociación estadísticamente muy significativa con la condición de fumador activo (51,2 por ciento vs. 15,2 por ciento; p < 0,01). No se encontró relación estadística significativa entre el síndrome de Wellens y el resultado angiográfico. Conclusiones: La presencia de los patrones electrocardiográficos del síndrome de Wellens se asocia con el hábito tabáquico en pacientes con síndrome coronario agudo sin elevación del segmento ST y lesiones coronarias en la arteria descendente anterior, y su ausencia se asocia con el antecedente de cardiopatía isquémica en el mismo subgrupo de individuos(AU)

Introduction: Wellens' syndrome is equivalent to acute coronary syndrome with ST-segment elevation. It includes two electrocardiographic patterns suggesting a critical lesion in the anterior descending artery. Objective: Evaluate probable factors associated to Wellens' syndrome in patients with acute coronary syndrome without ST-segment elevation and significant coronary lesions in the anterior descending artery. Methods: A cross-sectional observational analytical study was conducted of patients diagnosed with acute coronary syndrome without ST-segment elevation and significant lesion in the anterior descending artery verified by coronary arteriography, admitted to the intensive coronary care unit at Manuel Fajardo Clinical Surgical Hospital in the period 2016-2019. Results: Mean age was 66 years, with a predominance of the male sex (53.9 percent) and a history of hypertension (89.5 percent). Patients with Wellens' syndrome had a significantly lower percentage of ischemic heart disease antecedents (58.1 percent vs. 84.8 percent; p = 0.012). A very significant statistical association was observed between the syndrome and active smoking (51.2 percent vs. 15.2 percent; p < 0.01). A significant statistical relationship was not found between Wellens' syndrome and angiographic results. Conclusions: The presence of electrocardiographic patterns of Wellens' syndrome is associated to smoking in patients with acute coronary syndrome without ST-segment elevation and coronary lesions in the anterior descending artery, whereas their absence is associated to a history of ischemic heart disease in the same subgroup of individuals(AU)

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Introducción: A pesar de las nuevas técnicas para la reperfusión del vaso en el infarto agudo de miocardio, las complicaciones y la mortalidad en estos pacientes es elevada. La hiperglucemia y la leucocitosis se han descrito como factores de riesgo y de peor pronóstico. Objetivo: Evaluar la capacidad predictiva de la hiperglucemia y la leucocitosis de complicaciones intrahospitalarias en pacientes con infarto de miocardio agudo con elevación del segmento ST. Material y Métodos: Estudio prospectivo de cohorte desde 2013 hasta 2020 que incluyó a 507 pacientes consecutivos que ingresaron en la Unidad de Cuidados Coronarios del Hospital Militar Central Dr. Carlos J. Finlay y el Hospital General Docente Enrique Cabrera con el diagnóstico de infarto del miocardio agudo con elevación del segmento ST. Se dividieron los pacientes de acuerdo con la ocurrencia de complicaciones intrahospitalarias. Resultados: Los valores de glucemia y leucograma presentaron diferencias significativas entre los grupos de pacientes (p = 0,002 y p = 0,005; respectivamente). La capacidad discriminativa de ambos exámenes se clasificó como mala. El análisis univariado de regresión logística reveló que la glucemia y el leucograma eran factores de riesgo para la aparición de complicaciones, pero solo el leucograma se consideró un predictor independiente del evento final del estudio. Al asociar los valores de leucograma al modelo multivariado, se elevó su capacidad predictiva (área bajo la curva: 0,735; p < 0,001). Conclusiones: La leucocitosis es un predictor independiente de complicaciones intrahospitalarias en pacientes con Infarto del miocardio agudo con elevación del segmento ST(AU)

ABSTRACT Introduction: Despite the use of novel techniques for reperfusion of the vessel in acute myocardial infarction, complications and mortality in these patients are high. Hyperglycemia and leukocytosis have been described as risk factors and worse prognosis. Objective: To evaluate the predictive capacity of hyperglycemia and leukocytosis for in-hospital complications of myocardial infarction with ST-segment elevation patients. Material and Methods: Prospective cohort study conducted from 2013 to 2020 that included 507 consecutive patients admitted to the Intensive Coronary Care Unit of the Dr. Carlos J. Finlay Central Military Hospital and the Enrique Cabrera General Teaching Hospital with the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction with ST- segment elevation. The patients were divided into groups according to the occurrence of in-hospital complications. Results: The values of glycemia and leukocyteswere significantly different among the groups of patients (p = 0.002 and p = 0.005; respectively). The discriminative capability of both tests was classified as bad. The univariate analysis of logistic regression revealed that glycemia and leukocytes were risk factors for the appearance of complications, but only the leukocyte test was considered as an independent predictor of the final event of the study. When the values of the leukocyte test were associated with the multivariate model, its predictive capacity increased (area under curve: 0.735; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Leukocytosis is an independent predictor of in-hospital complications of acute myocardial infarction with ST-segment elevation(AU)

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Objetivo: descrever os fatores de risco identificados em pacientes com infarto agudo do miocárdio hospitalizados em unidade coronariana. Método: estudo descritivo, transversal com abordagem quantitativa, realizado com 125 indivíduos com diagnóstico de infarto agudo do miocárdio. a amostra foi coletada por conveniência de forma consecutiva. os dados foram analisados com auxílio do programa estatístico Statistical Package for Social Sciences versão 21 e aprovado sob parecer 457.504. Resultados: predominou indivíduos do sexo masculino de etnia branca e com uma média de 62 anos. os fatores de risco mais prevalentes na amostra foram: sedentarismo, hipertensão arterial, histórico familiar, tabagismo, ingesta alcoólica e diabetes mellitus. Conclusão: a pesquisa traz dados relevantes para o controle dos fatores de risco identificados, mostra onde direcionar as ações preventivas, a fim de diminuir a incidência do infarto agudo do miocárdio, suas sequelas e a mortalidade

Objective: to describe the risk factors identified in patients with acute myocardial infarction hospitalized in coronary unit. Method: a descriptive, cross-sectional citado with a quantitative approach. conducted with 125 individuals diagnosed with acute myocardial infarction. the sample was collected for convenience consecutively. data were analyzed using the Statistical Package For Social sciences version 21 and approved under opinion 457 504. Results: the predominant male subjects were caucasian and with an average of 62 years. the most prevalent risk factors in the sample were: physical inactivity, high blood pressure, family history, smoking, alcohol consumption and diabetes mellitus. Conclusion: the research provided data relevant to the control of identified risk factors, showing where to focus preventive actions in order to reduce the incidence of acute myocardial infarction, its sequels and mortality

Objetivo: describir los factores de riesgo identificados en pacientes con infarto miocardio agudo hospitalizados en una unidad coronaria. Método:estudio descriptivo, transversal con enfoque cuantitativo, realizado con 125 personas con diagnostico de infarto miocardio agudo. la muestra fue recogida conveniencia consecutivamente. los datos se analizaron con ayuda del paquete statistical package for social sciences versión 21 y aprobado bajo la opinión 457.504. Resultados: predominou individuos del género masculino de étnico blanco y con un promedio de 62 años. los factores de riesgo más prevalentes de la muestra fueron: sedentarismo, hipertensión arterial, historia familiar, fumar, ingesta alcohólica y diabetes mellitus. Conclusión: la investigación trae datos relevantes para el control de factores de riesgo identificados, mostrando dónde enfocar las acciones preventivas, para reducir la incidencia de infarto de miocardio agudo, sus secuelas y mortalidad

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