RESUMO
Bluetongue Virus (BTV) and Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Virus (EHDV) are Orbiviruses primarily transmitted by their biological vector, Culicoides spp. Latreille, 1809 (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). These viruses can infect a diverse range of vertebrate hosts, leading to disease outbreaks in domestic and wild ruminants worldwide. This study, conducted at the Belo Horizonte Municipal Parks and Zoobotany Foundation (FPMZB-BH), Minas Gerais, Brazil, focused on Orbivirus and its vectors. Collections of Culicoides spp. were carried out at the FPMZB-BH from 9 December 2021 to 18 November 2022. A higher prevalence of these insects was observed during the summer months, especially in February. Factors such as elevated temperatures, high humidity, fecal accumulation, and proximity to large animals, like camels and elephants, were associated with increased Culicoides capture. Among the identified Culicoides spp. species, Culicoides insignis Lutz, 1913, constituted 75%, and Culicoides pusillus Lutz, 1913, 6% of the collected midges, both described as competent vectors for Orbivirus transmission. Additionally, a previously unreported species in Minas Gerais, Culicoides debilipalpis Lutz, 1913, was identified, also suspected of being a transmitter of these Orbiviruses. The feeding preferences of some Culicoides species were analyzed, revealing that C. insignis feeds on deer, Red deer (Cervus elaphus) and European fallow deer (Dama dama). Different Culicoides spp. were also identified feeding on humans, raising concerns about the potential transmission of arboviruses at the site. In parallel, 72 serum samples from 14 susceptible species, including various Cervids, collected between 2012 and 2022 from the FPMZB-BH serum bank, underwent Agar Gel Immunodiffusion (AGID) testing for BTV and EHDV. The results showed 75% seropositivity for BTV and 19% for EHDV. Post-testing analysis revealed variations in antibody presence against BTV in a tapir and a fallow deer and against EHDV in a gemsbok across different years. These studies confirm the presence of BTV and EHDV vectors, along with potential virus circulation in the zoo. Consequently, implementing control measures is essential to prevent susceptible species from becoming infected and developing clinical diseases.
Assuntos
Antílopes , Vírus Bluetongue , Ceratopogonidae , Cervos , Vírus da Doença Hemorrágica Epizoótica , Orbivirus , Humanos , Animais , Vírus Bluetongue/genética , Brasil/epidemiologia , Insetos Vetores , Orbivirus/genéticaRESUMO
In Cuba, despite a high sero-prevalence of bluetongue virus (BTV), circulating serotypes remain unknown. The aim of this study was to identify circulating BTV serotypes in farms throughout the western region of Cuba. Blood samples were collected from 200 young cattle and sheep between May and July 2022 for virological analyses (PCR, viral isolation and virus neutralization) and genome sequencing. The results confirmed viral circulation, with viro-prevalence of 25% for BTV. The virus was isolated from 18 blood samples and twelve BTV serotypes were identified by sequencing RT-PCR products targeting the segment 2 of the BTV genome (BTV-1, 2, 3, 6, 10, 12, 13, 17, 18, 19, 22 and 24). Finally, the full genome sequences of 17 Cuban BTV isolates were recovered using a Sequence Independent Single Primer Amplification (SISPA) approach combined to MinION Oxford Nanopore sequencing technology. All together, these results highlight the co-circulation of a wide diversity of BTV serotypes in a quite restricted area and emphasize the need for entomological and livestock surveillance, particularly in light of recent changes in the global distribution and nature of BTV infections.
Assuntos
Vírus Bluetongue , Bluetongue , Ovinos , Animais , Bovinos , Sorogrupo , Cuba/epidemiologia , Sequência de Bases , Vírus Bluetongue/genéticaRESUMO
Bluetongue virus (BTV) is an RNA virus that infects cattle and sheep. The objective of this study was to compare two real-time PCRs for the detection of BTV and to monitor Orbivirus viremia in sheep and cattle for 6 months. The PCR results showed the occurrence of infected animals throughout the experiment without records of clinical signs. The number of positive animals reduced during the experiment, but some animals were positive for BTV RNA during the entire experiment. The performance of the two RT-qPCRs for BTV detection techniques used in this work revealed a kappa index of 0.71 for cattle and 0.75 for sheep.
Assuntos
Vírus Bluetongue , Bluetongue , Doenças dos Bovinos , Viremia , Animais , Bluetongue/diagnóstico , Vírus Bluetongue/genética , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/diagnóstico , Doenças dos Bovinos/virologia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real , Ovinos , Viremia/diagnóstico , Viremia/veterináriaRESUMO
Bluetongue (BT) is an insect-borne disease affecting domestic and wild ruminants. Bluetongue virus (BTV) is the causative agent of the BT disease. BT outbreaks have been widely recorded worldwide. However, in the South American subcontinent, accurate information about the disease and molecular epidemiology is still lacking because little effort has been made to cover the region. This study comprises an exhaustive phylogenetic analysis including all BTV sequences available in databases and reports new Argentinean sequences for Seg 8 and Seg 9. Maximum-likelihood phylogenetic analyses were conducted for Seg 2, Seg 3, Seg 6, Seg 7, Seg 8, Seg 9 and Seg 10. Throughout the study, wide circulation and genetic continuity along the American continent were detected. Also, reassortment events are reported, and the historical virus introduction path into and through South America is suggested.
Assuntos
Vírus Bluetongue/classificação , Vírus Bluetongue/genética , Bluetongue/virologia , Animais , Argentina/epidemiologia , Bluetongue/epidemiologia , Vírus Bluetongue/isolamento & purificação , Evolução Molecular , Epidemiologia Molecular , Filogenia , Vírus Reordenados/genética , América do Sul/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Bela Vista Biological Sanctuary (RBV) is a protected area of Itaipu Binacional, a hydroelectric power company located on the border of Brazil and Paraguay. A captive population of Brazilian dwarf brocket deer (Mazama nana, Cervidae, Artiodactyla) is maintained for conservation purposes. Despite the reproductive success of the animals, outbreaks of a fatal hemorrhagic disease have been registered over the years, compromising conservation efforts. In order to identify the etiological agents of these hemorrhagic diseases, 32 captive Brazilian dwarf brockets were sampled to investigate bluetongue virus (BTV), epizootic hemorrhagic disease (EHD), and adenovirus hemorrhagic disease (AHD), in 2015. Only one deer (1/32; 3.12%) was seropositive for BTV. After this survey, five animals died in the early autumn of 2015 and 2016, again presenting clinical signs of hemorrhagic disease. Using RT-qPCR, RT-PCR and DNA sequencing, five BTV serotypes (3, 14, 18, 19, and 22) were identified in blood and tissues collected during necropsies. These BTV serotypes had not been previously described or isolated in Brazil, either in wild or domestic ruminants. Additionally, differential diagnosis was performed for EHD and AHD, but all samples were negative for both diseases. The multiple distinct BTV serotypes identified in these outbreaks resulted in a high lethality (100%) of Brazilian dwarf brockets and indicated that various BTV serotypes are circulating in the area.
Assuntos
Vírus Bluetongue/imunologia , Vírus Bluetongue/patogenicidade , Bluetongue/epidemiologia , Cervos/virologia , Sorogrupo , Animais , Animais Domésticos/virologia , Bluetongue/sangue , Bluetongue/mortalidade , Bluetongue/virologia , Vírus Bluetongue/genética , Vírus Bluetongue/isolamento & purificação , Brasil/epidemiologia , Surtos de Doenças , Vírus da Doença Hemorrágica Epizoótica/genética , Vírus da Doença Hemorrágica Epizoótica/isolamento & purificação , RNA Viral/genética , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo RealRESUMO
Bluetongue virus (BTV) and Epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) are closely related Orbiviruses that affect domestic and wild ruminants. In Ecuador previous serological studies reported the presence of BTV; however, no data are available about the presence of EHDV. In this study, 295 cattle without symptoms of infection were sampled from two farms located in Andean and Amazonian regions and from a slaughterhouse in the coastal region. ELISA analyses showed high prevalence of BTV (98.9%) and EHDV (81.3%) antibodies, and RT-qPCRs revealed the presence of EHDV (24.1%) and BTV (10.2%) genomes in cattle blood samples. Viral isolation allowed to identify EHDV serotype 1 (EHDV1) and BTV serotypes 9 (BTV9), 13 and 18. These findings suggest that BTV and EHDV are enzootic diseases in Ecuador.
Assuntos
Vírus Bluetongue/isolamento & purificação , Bluetongue/virologia , Doenças dos Bovinos/virologia , Vírus da Doença Hemorrágica Epizoótica/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Reoviridae/veterinária , Sorogrupo , Animais , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Bluetongue/epidemiologia , Vírus Bluetongue/genética , Vírus Bluetongue/imunologia , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/epidemiologia , Equador/epidemiologia , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática/veterinária , Vírus da Doença Hemorrágica Epizoótica/genética , Vírus da Doença Hemorrágica Epizoótica/imunologia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real/veterinária , Infecções por Reoviridae/epidemiologia , Infecções por Reoviridae/virologia , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Sorotipagem , América do Sul/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Bluetongue (BT) is a vector-borne viral disease caused by the Bluetongue virus (BTV), an Orbivirus from the Reoviridae family, affecting domestic and wild ruminants. BTV circulation in Brazil was first reported in 1978, and several serological surveys indicate that the virus is widespread, although with varied prevalence. In 2014, BT outbreaks affected sheep flocks in Rio Grande do Sul state, causing significant mortality (18.4%; 91/495) in BTV-infected sheep. In total, seven farms were monitored, and one or two sheep from each farm that died due to clinical signs of BT were necropsied. Apathy, pyrexia, anorexia, tachycardia, respiratory, and digestive disorders were noted. Additionally, an abortion was recorded in one of the monitored farms. The main gross lesions observed were pulmonary edema, anterior-ventral pulmonary consolidation, muscular necrosis in the esophagus and in the ventral serratus muscle, and hemorrhagic lesions in the heart. The blood and tissue samples were tested for BTV RNA detection by RT-qPCR targeting the segment 10. Positive samples were used for viral isolation. The isolated BTVs were typed by conventional RT-PCR targeting the segment 2 of the 26 BTV serotypes, followed by sequencing analysis. BTV-1, BTV-4 and BTV-17 were identified in the analyzed samples. Double or triple BTV co-infections with these serotypes were detected. We report the occurrence of BT outbreaks related to BTV-1, BTV-4 and BTV-17 infections and co-infections causing clinical signs in sheep flocks in Southern Brazil, with significant mortality and lethality rates.
Assuntos
Vírus Bluetongue/genética , Bluetongue/epidemiologia , Coinfecção/epidemiologia , Surtos de Doenças/veterinária , Doenças dos Ovinos/epidemiologia , Animais , Bluetongue/patologia , Bluetongue/virologia , Vírus Bluetongue/classificação , Brasil/epidemiologia , Coinfecção/patologia , Coinfecção/virologia , Sorogrupo , Ovinos , Doenças dos Ovinos/patologia , Doenças dos Ovinos/virologiaRESUMO
ABSTRACT This communication reports full genome sequencing of the bluetongue virus-1 (BTV-1) isolate MKD20/08/Ind from goat in northern India. The total BTV-1 genome size was found to be 19,190 bp. A comparison study between the Indian isolate and other global isolates revealed that it belongs to the 'Eastern' BTV topotype. The full genome sequence of BTV-1 will provide vital information on its geographical origin and it will also be proved useful for comparing the Indian isolate with global isolates from other host species.
Assuntos
Animais , Cabras/virologia , Genoma Viral , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Vírus Bluetongue/genética , Filogenia , Vírus Bluetongue/isolamento & purificação , Vírus Bluetongue/classificação , Genômica , Sequenciamento de Nucleotídeos em Larga Escala , Sorogrupo , ÍndiaRESUMO
This communication reports full genome sequencing of the bluetongue virus-1 (BTV-1) isolate MKD20/08/Ind from goat in northern India. The total BTV-1 genome size was found to be 19,190 bp. A comparison study between the Indian isolate and other global isolates revealed that it belongs to the 'Eastern' BTV topotype. The full genome sequence of BTV-1 will provide vital information on its geographical origin and it will also be proved useful for comparing the Indian isolate with global isolates from other host species.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Cabras/genética , Cabras/virologia , Vírus Bluetongue/classificação , Vírus Bluetongue/genética , Sequência de Bases/genéticaRESUMO
This communication reports full genome sequencing of the bluetongue virus-1 (BTV-1) isolate MKD20/08/Ind from goat in northern India. The total BTV-1 genome size was found to be 19,190bp. A comparison study between the Indian isolate and other global isolates revealed that it belongs to the 'Eastern' BTV topotype. The full genome sequence of BTV-1 will provide vital information on its geographical origin and it will also be proved useful for comparing the Indian isolate with global isolates from other host species.