RESUMO
The measles virus circulation was halted in Brazil in 2001 and the country has a routine vaccination coverage against measles, mumps and rubella higher than 95%. In Ceará, the last confirmed case was in 1999. This article describes the strategies adopted and the effectiveness of surveillance and control measures implemented during a measles epidemic in the post-elimination period. The epidemic started in December 2013 and lasted 20 months, reaching 38 cities and 1,052 confirmed cases. The D8 genotype was identified. More than 50,000 samples were tested for measles and 86.4% of the confirmed cases had a laboratory diagnosis. The beginning of an campaign vaccination was delayed in part by the availability of vaccine. The classic control measures were not enough to control the epidemic. The creation of a committee of experts, the agreement signed between managers of the three spheres of government, the conducting of an institutional active search of suspected cases, vaccination door to door at alternative times, the use of micro planning, a broad advertising campaign at local media and technical operative support contributed to containing the epidemic. It is important to recognize the possibility of epidemics at this stage of post-elimination and prepare a sensitive surveillance system for timely response.
Assuntos
Controle de Doenças Transmissíveis/métodos , Controle de Doenças Transmissíveis/organização & administração , Transmissão de Doença Infecciosa/prevenção & controle , Epidemias , Sarampo/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Brasil/epidemiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Cidades/epidemiologia , Feminino , Genótipo , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Vírus do Sarampo/classificação , Vírus do Sarampo/genética , Vírus do Sarampo/isolamento & purificação , Vacina contra Sarampo-Caxumba-Rubéola/administração & dosagem , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto JovemRESUMO
This study reports on molecular analysis of a Measles virus (MV) isolate from a patient who was infected in Japan but showed symptoms after arriving to Brazil. This patient had typical clinical measles infection symptoms: fever, rash, cough and coryza. After isolating the virus in B95a cells, a fragment of the nucleoprotein (N) gene was amplified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and subjected to direct nucleotide sequencing. The sequence data showed that the MV isolate of concern is of the D5 genotype.
Assuntos
Vírus do Sarampo/genética , Sarampo/epidemiologia , Brasil , Genótipo , Humanos , Lactente , Japão/epidemiologia , Sarampo/virologia , Vírus do Sarampo/classificação , Vírus do Sarampo/isolamento & purificação , Nucleoproteínas/análise , Nucleoproteínas/genética , Filogenia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , RNA Viral/análiseRESUMO
Measles virus is a highly contagious agent which causes a major health problem in developing countries. The viral genomic RNA is single-stranded, nonsegmented and of negative polarity. Many live attenuated vaccines for measles virus have been developed using either the prototype Edmonston strain or other locally isolated measles strains. Despite the diverse geographic origins of the vaccine viruses and the different attenuation methods used, there was remarkable sequence similarity of H, F and N genes among all vaccine strains. CAM-70 is a Japanese measles attenuated vaccine strain widely used in Brazilian children and produced by Bio-Manguinhos since 1982. Previous studies have characterized this vaccine biologically and genomically. Nevertheless, only the F, H and N genes have been sequenced. In the present study we have sequenced the remaining P, M and L genes (approximately 1.6, 1.4 and 6.5 kb, respectively) to complete the genomic characterization of CAM-70 and to assess the extent of genetic relationship between CAM-70 and other current vaccines. These genes were amplified using long-range or standard RT-PCR techniques, and the cDNA was cloned and automatically sequenced using the dideoxy chain-termination method. The sequence analysis comparing previously sequenced genotype A strains with the CAM-70 Bio-Manguinhos strain showed a low divergence among them. However, the CAM-70 strains (CAM-70 Bio-Manguinhos and a recently sequenced CAM-70 submaster seed strain) were assigned to a specific group by phylogenetic analysis using the neighbor-joining method. Information about our product at the genomic level is important for monitoring vaccination campaigns and for future studies of measles virus attenuation.
Assuntos
Vacina contra Sarampo/genética , Vírus do Sarampo/genética , Animais , Sequência de Bases/genética , DNA Complementar/genética , Genoma Viral , Humanos , Vírus do Sarampo/classificação , Dados de Sequência Molecular , RNA Viral/genética , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Vacinas Atenuadas/genéticaRESUMO
Study results of passive natural immunity anti-measles, and immune response to measles vaccine from different strains in Mexican children under one year old, are described in this paper. Mexican infants in these studies ended their maternal immunity at 8-10 months of age. Edmonston-Zagreb (EZ) vaccine strain had higher seroconversion rates comparing to Schwarz strain. Dose response effect was more closely related to Schwarz strain than EZ, since difference in seroconversion rates with standard, medium and high doses were statistically significant. However geometric mean post-vaccination titers were higher in children vaccinated with Schwarz strain, than EZ receptors.