RESUMO
This study presents unpublished data on the chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid content in fruits. Sixty-four fruits consumed in Brazil, most of which were produced domestically, were evaluated based on their levels of 3-caffeoylquinic acid, 4-caffeoylquinic acid, 5-caffeoylquinic acid, 3,4-dicaffeoylquinic acid, 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, 4,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid and caffeic acid. The study investigated 15 fruits that have not been reported in the literature in relation to these compounds, including several native species. The highest concentration of mono-caffeoylquinic acid was observed in strawberry, cherry, bilberry, quince and mulberry, while the dicaffeoylquinic acid was present with highest concentration in kumquat, passion fruit and sweet granadilla. Regarding caffeic acid, the highest content was found in bilberry and yellow pitaya. Considering the sum of the concentrations of these compounds, quince, cherry, bilberry, mulberry and sweet granadilla were exceptional, with concentrations between 200.0 and 569.7â¯mgâ¯kg-1.
Assuntos
Ácidos Cafeicos/química , Ácido Clorogênico/química , Frutas/química , Brasil , Ácidos Cafeicos/análise , Ácido Clorogênico/análise , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Eugenia/química , Eugenia/metabolismo , Frutas/metabolismo , Análise de Componente Principal , Rosaceae/química , Rosaceae/metabolismo , Vaccinium myrtillus/química , Vaccinium myrtillus/metabolismoRESUMO
With the aim of improving the antioxidant activity of polyphenols from blueberries (Vaccinium myrtillus) on skin targets after topical application, ethanolic extracts from three blueberry varieties (named Millenia, O'Neal, and Blue Crisp) were loaded into ultradeformable liposomes. These nanocarriers are known to be capable of penetrating through the stratum corneum reaching its deeper layers and the viable epidermis. On the other hand, blueberries contain large amounts of polyphenols, whose antioxidant properties as tissue protectors against processes mediated by reactive oxygen species have been extensively proved. Blueberries are usually consumed as edible products, but their antioxidant compounds are poorly absorbed. The antioxidant properties of the extracts were screened before and after being loaded into ultradeformable liposomes made of soy phosphatidylcholine and sodium cholate, of nearly 100 nm in size at 0.223 extract/lipid w/w. The ethanolic extract-loaded ultradeformable liposomes (nanoberries) from Millenia variety retained an 85% of the antioxidant capacity of the free extract and showed low cytotoxicity on HaCaT cells (less than 20%) at active concentration against free radicals.