RESUMO
Dupuytren's disease (DD) is a prevalent fibroproliferative disorder of the hand, shaped by genetic, epigenetic, and environmental influences. The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a complex assembly of diverse macromolecules. Alterations in the ECM's content, structure and organization can impact both normal physiological functions and pathological conditions. This study explored the content and organization of glycosaminoglycans, proteoglycans, and collagen in the ECM of patients at various stages of DD, assessing their potential as prognostic indicators. This research reveals, for the first time, relevant changes in the complexity of chondroitin/dermatan sulfate structures, specifically an increase of disaccharides containing iduronic acid residues covalently linked to either N-acetylgalactosamine 6-O-sulfated or N-acetylgalactosamine 4-O-sulfated, correlating with the disease's severity. Additionally, we noted an increase in versican expression, a high molecular weight proteoglycan, across stages I to IV, while decorin, a small leucine-rich proteoglycan, significantly diminishes as DD progresses, both confirmed by mRNA analysis and protein detection via confocal microscopy. Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy further demonstrated that collagen fibril architecture in DD varies importantly with disease stages. Moreover, the urinary excretion of both hyaluronic and sulfated glycosaminoglycans markedly decreased among DD patients.Our findings indicate that specific proteoglycans with galactosaminoglycan chains and collagen arrangements could serve as biomarkers for DD progression. The reduction in glycosaminoglycan excretion suggests a systemic manifestation of the disease.
Assuntos
Colágeno , Decorina , Contratura de Dupuytren , Proteoglicanas , Humanos , Contratura de Dupuytren/metabolismo , Contratura de Dupuytren/patologia , Colágeno/metabolismo , Proteoglicanas/metabolismo , Decorina/metabolismo , Matriz Extracelular/metabolismo , Masculino , Progressão da Doença , Feminino , Dermatan Sulfato/metabolismo , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Versicanas/metabolismo , Versicanas/genética , Glicosaminoglicanos/metabolismo , Sulfatos de Condroitina/metabolismo , PolissacarídeosRESUMO
Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) form following loss of the CCM protein complex in brain endothelial cells due to increased endothelial MEKK3 signaling and KLF2/4 transcription factor expression, but the downstream events that drive lesion formation remain undefined. Recent studies have revealed that CCM lesions expand by incorporating neighboring wild-type endothelial cells, indicative of a cell nonautonomous mechanism. Here we find that endothelial loss of ADAMTS5 reduced CCM formation in the neonatal mouse model. Conversely, endothelial gain of ADAMTS5 conferred early lesion genesis in the absence of increased KLF2/4 expression and synergized with KRIT1 loss of function to create large malformations. Lowering versican expression reduced CCM burden, indicating that versican is the relevant ADAMTS5 substrate and that lesion formation requires proteolysis but not loss of this extracellular matrix protein. These findings identify endothelial secretion of ADAMTS5 and cleavage of versican as downstream mechanisms of CCM pathogenesis and provide a basis for the participation of wild-type endothelial cells in lesion formation.
Assuntos
Proteína ADAMTS5/metabolismo , Hemangioma Cavernoso do Sistema Nervoso Central/etiologia , Versicanas/metabolismo , Proteína ADAMTS1/metabolismo , Proteína ADAMTS4/metabolismo , Animais , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Endotélio Vascular/metabolismo , Feminino , Estudos de Associação Genética , Hemangioma Cavernoso do Sistema Nervoso Central/embriologia , Hemangioma Cavernoso do Sistema Nervoso Central/metabolismo , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Endogâmicos DBA , Proteólise , Substância Branca/metabolismoRESUMO
Versican is a proteoglycan known to interact with cells to influence their ability to proliferate, differentiate, migrate, invade and assemble extracellular matrix, with all of these cell functions present during placentation. In the placenta, cytotrophoblast cells have the ability to differentiate into the syncytiotrophoblast, a mechanism that is greatly increased in gestational trophoblastic diseases (GTD). Nevertheless, the molecular signaling underlying the increased syncytiotrophoblast differentiation are still being unveiled and may result in novel therapeutic targets for GTD. Versican expression was investigated to establish its differential expression among GTD (partial moles, complete moles, invasive moles and choriocarcinoma) and the possible functional outcomes from versican gene silencing. Tissue samples had their versican expression evaluated using immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR. BeWo cells were employed for versican silencing with siRNA and the efficiency was confirmed by RT-PCR, immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. Cell death and forskolin-induced syncytialization were analyzed by a morphological analysis and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) production using immunofluorescence. Versican V0 and V1 isoforms were mainly expressed in the syncytiotrophoblast and they were the most expressed in benign rather than in malignant tumors. BeWo cells also expressed V0 and V1 isoforms, but only in cells undergoing syncytial fusion. After versican silencing, cell death was greatly increased, whereas spontaneous and forskolin-induced syncytialization decreased as well as hCG production. Versican is differentially expressed in GTD and is important for hydatidiform moles pathophysiology, protecting trophoblast cells from death and playing a role in their differentiation and functionality.
Assuntos
Inativação Gênica , Doença Trofoblástica Gestacional/genética , Versicanas/genética , Diferenciação Celular , Feminino , Doença Trofoblástica Gestacional/metabolismo , Doença Trofoblástica Gestacional/patologia , Humanos , Gravidez , Isoformas de Proteínas/genética , Isoformas de Proteínas/metabolismo , RNA Mensageiro/genética , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Trofoblastos/metabolismo , Trofoblastos/patologia , Células Tumorais Cultivadas , Versicanas/metabolismoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Adipose microenvironment is involved in signaling pathways that influence breast cancer. We aim to characterize factors that are modified: 1) in tumor and non tumor human breast epithelial cell lines when incubated with conditioned media (CMs) from human breast cancer adipose tissue explants (hATT) or normal breast adipose tissue explants (hATN); 2) in hATN-CMs vs hATT-CMs; 3) in the tumor associated adipocytes vs. non tumor associated adipocytes. METHODS: We used hATN or hATT- CMs on tumor and non-tumor breast cancer cell lines. We evaluated changes in versican, CD44, ADAMTS1 and Adipo R1 expression on cell lines or in the different CMs. In addition we evaluated changes in the morphology and expression of these factors in slices of the different adipose tissues. The statistical significance between different experimental conditions was evaluated by one-way ANOVA. Tukey's post-hoc tests were performed within each individual treatment. RESULTS: hATT-CMs increase versican, CD44, ADAMTS1 and Adipo R1 expression in breast cancer epithelial cells. Furthermore, hATT-CMs present higher levels of versican expression compared to hATN-CMs. In addition, we observed a loss of effect in cellular migration when we pre-incubated hATT-CMs with chondroitinase ABC, which cleaves GAGs chains bound to the versican core protein, thus losing the ability to bind to CD44. Adipocytes associated with the invasive front are reduced in size compared to adipocytes that are farther away. Also, hATT adipocytes express significantly higher amounts of versican, CD44 and Adipo R1, and significantly lower amounts of adiponectin and perilipin, unlike hATN adipocytes. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that hATT secrete a different set of proteins compared to hATN. Furthermore, versican, a proteoglycan that is overexpressed in hATT-CMs compared to hATN-CMs, might be involved in the tumorogenic behavior observed in both cell lines employed. In addition, we may conclude that adipocytes from the tumor microenvironment show a less differentiated state than adipocytes from normal microenvironment. This would indicate a loss of normal functions in mature adipocytes (such as energy storage), in support of others that might favor tumor growth.
Assuntos
Biomarcadores Tumorais/metabolismo , Neoplasias da Mama/metabolismo , Mama/metabolismo , Meios de Cultivo Condicionados/farmacologia , Células Epiteliais/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteína ADAMTS1/metabolismo , Tecido Adiposo/metabolismo , Tecido Adiposo/patologia , Mama/citologia , Mama/patologia , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Linhagem Celular , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Microambiente Celular , Progressão da Doença , Células Epiteliais/citologia , Feminino , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Humanos , Receptores de Hialuronatos/metabolismo , Células MCF-7 , Receptores de Adiponectina/metabolismo , Versicanas/metabolismoRESUMO
The matrix of canine mixed mammary tumors (CMMTs) consists of proliferating spindle cells of possible myoepithelial origin, as well as myxomatous tissue, cartilage matrix and/or bone. Among the multiple components of this tumor extracellular matrix, versican probably plays a prominent role due to its importance in tumor progression, cell proliferation and differentiation. However, there are few data related to a possible association between versican expression and the state of myoepithelial cell differentiation in CMMTs. Using immunohistochemistry and histochemistry, the objective of this study was to evaluate the expression of versican, sulfated proteoglycans and mucopolysaccharides in myoepithelial cells at different stages of differentiation and to explore a potential relationship with p63 and α-smooth muscle actin (SMA) expression. A significant difference in versican expression was observed among the different stages of myoepithelial cell differentiation with an inverse correlation between versican and p63/SMA expression. These results suggest that at an early stage of proliferation, myoepithelial cells acquire a phenotype consistent with a role in chondrogenesis. Moreover, myoepithelial cells showed an affinity for safranin and periodic acid-Schiff staining at different stages of proliferation supporting the myoepithelial origin of spindle cells from CMMTs.
Assuntos
Proteoglicanas de Sulfatos de Condroitina/genética , Doenças do Cão/metabolismo , Glicosaminoglicanos/genética , Neoplasias Mamárias Animais/patologia , Mioepitelioma/metabolismo , Versicanas/genética , Actinas/metabolismo , Animais , Diferenciação Celular , Proteoglicanas de Sulfatos de Condroitina/metabolismo , Cães , Células Epiteliais , Feminino , Expressão Gênica , Glicosaminoglicanos/metabolismo , Imuno-Histoquímica , Neoplasias Mamárias Animais/metabolismo , Fosfoproteínas/metabolismo , Versicanas/metabolismoRESUMO
We have previously shown the differential expression of versican in the mouse uterus under ovarian hormone influence. We also demonstrated there is not a direct correlation between mRNA levels and protein expression, suggesting posttranscriptional events, such as alteration in mRNA stability. This posttranscriptional effect may result in the elongation and stabilization of transcripts poly(A) tail. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze whether estradiol (E2) regulates versican mRNA stability and expression in a dose-related and time-dependent manner. For this purpose female mice were ovariectomized and treated with a single injection of 0.1 or 10 µg E2. To block transcription a group of females received a single injection of alpha-amanitin before hormone administration. Uterine tissues were collected 30 min, 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 h after treatments and processed for quantitative real time PCR (qPCR), RACE-PAT Assay and immunohistochemistry. qPCR showed that versican mRNA levels are higher than control from 3 to 24 h after E2 administration, whereas after transcription inhibition versican mRNA unexpectedly increases within 3 h, which can be explained when transcriptional blockers alter the degradation rate of the transcript, resulting in the superinduction of this mRNA. Accordingly, analysis of versican transcript poly(A) tail evidenced a longer product 3 h after treatment, but not after 12 h. Versican immunoreaction becomes conspicuous in the superficial stroma only 3 h after E2 injection, whereas the whole stroma is immunoreactive from 6 h onward. These results demonstrate that E2 modulates versican at the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels in a time-dependent manner.
Assuntos
Estradiol/farmacologia , Processamento Pós-Transcricional do RNA/efeitos dos fármacos , Transcrição Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Útero/efeitos dos fármacos , Útero/metabolismo , Versicanas/genética , Alfa-Amanitina/farmacologia , Animais , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Feminino , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Camundongos , Poli A , Poliadenilação/efeitos dos fármacos , Fatores de Tempo , Versicanas/metabolismoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Components of the extracellular matrix have been studied in an attempt to elucidate the mechanisms involved in the biological behaviour of tumours. The presence of the proteoglycan versican has been strongly associated with cancer development and progression. However, relationship between versican expression and clinical pathological factors and overall survival has not been previously studied in veterinary medicine. Carcinomas in benign mixed tumours (CBMTs) are one of the most common malignant tumours in female canines and can serve as models for studies of tumour progression. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of versican in in situ and invasive carcinomatous areas of canine CBMTs and to evaluate possible associations of versican expression with other classic prognostic factors and overall survival. RESULTS: Clinical staging; histological grade determination; immunohistochemical staining for versican, E-cadherin and Ki-67; and confirmation of invasion areas by staining for p63 and smooth muscle α-actin (α-SMA) were performed on 49 canine cases of CBMT. Tumour invasion was considered when suspicious Haematoxylin-Eosin (HE)-stained areas showed a total loss of α-SMA and p63 immunoreactivity. Versican immunoreactivity was less intense in the areas adjacent to the in situ carcinomatous regions, compared to invasive regions, which showed extensive and strong staining. CONCLUSIONS: Our data reveal that in canine CBMTs, versican expression differs significantly between invasive and in situ areas, suggesting a role for this molecule in tumour progression. Although a direct relationship exists between versican and invasiveness, our results indicate that the isolated evaluation of this proteoglycan does not represent an independent prognostic factor in canine CBMTs.
Assuntos
Carcinoma/metabolismo , Doenças do Cão/metabolismo , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica/fisiologia , Neoplasias Mamárias Animais/patologia , Versicanas/metabolismo , Animais , Adesão Celular , Proliferação de Células , Cães , Feminino , Neoplasias Pulmonares/secundário , Neoplasias Pulmonares/veterinária , Linfonodos/patologia , Masculino , Neoplasias Mamárias Animais/metabolismo , Invasividade Neoplásica , Versicanas/genéticaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the distributions of collagen type I, collagen type III, and versican in the lamina propria of the human vocal fold. DESIGN: Cross-sectional analysis of cadaveric vocal folds of adult human larynges. SETTING: Academic tertiary referral center. SUBJECTS: Larynges harvested at autopsy from 10 adult men and 10 adult women. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Immunohistochemical reactions were performed using antihuman monoclonal antibodies to analyze the expression of collagen type I, collagen type III, and versican. RESULTS: Collagen type I density was lower in the intermediate layer compared with the superficial and deep layers of vocal folds. Collagen type III density was lower in the intermediate layer compared with the deep layer. Versican density was lower in the superficial layer compared with the intermediate and deep layers. Versican density was lower in the lamina propria of women compared with men; this difference was noted in the superficial layer only. There was a positive correlation between collagen type III and versican densities within the lamina propria. CONCLUSION: Collagen type I, collagen type III, and versican are distributed differently within the lamina propria layers of the adult vocal folds.
Assuntos
Colágeno Tipo III/metabolismo , Colágeno Tipo I/metabolismo , Mucosa/metabolismo , Versicanas/metabolismo , Prega Vocal/metabolismo , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Cadáver , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Caracteres SexuaisRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Remodeling of the extracellular matrix is one of the most striking features observed in the uterus during the estrous cycle and after hormone replacement. Versican (VER) is a hyaluronan-binding proteoglycan that undergoes RNA alternative splicing, generating four distinct isoforms. This study analyzed the synthesis and distribution of VER in mouse uterine tissues during the estrous cycle, in ovariectomized (OVX) animals and after 17beta-estradiol (E2) and medroxyprogesterone (MPA) treatments, either alone or in combination. METHODS: Uteri from mice in all phases of the estrous cycle, and animals subjected to ovariectomy and hormone replacement were collected for immunoperoxidase staining for versican, as well as PCR and quantitative Real Time PCR. RESULTS: In diestrus and proestrus, VER was exclusively expressed in the endometrial stroma. In estrus and metaestrus, VER was present in both endometrial stroma and myometrium. In OVX mice, VER immunoreaction was abolished in all uterine tissues. VER expression was restored by E2, MPA and E2+MPA treatments. Real Time PCR analysis showed that VER expression increases considerably in the MPA-treated group. Analysis of mRNA identified isoforms V0, V1 and V3 in the mouse uterus. CONCLUSION: These results show that the expression of versican in uterine tissues is modulated by ovarian steroid hormones, in a tissue-specific manner. VER is induced in the myometrium exclusively by E2, whereas MPA induces VER deposition only in the endometrial stroma.
Assuntos
Ciclo Estral/fisiologia , Útero/fisiologia , Versicanas/genética , Versicanas/metabolismo , Animais , Diestro/fisiologia , Estrogênios/metabolismo , Estrogênios/farmacologia , Estro/fisiologia , Feminino , Técnicas Imunoenzimáticas , Medroxiprogesterona/metabolismo , Medroxiprogesterona/farmacologia , Camundongos , Proestro/fisiologia , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Útero/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
We have previously shown that during the adipose conversion of these cells the culture medium changed its viscoelastic properties due to the presence of hyaluronan and a chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan [Calvo, J.C., Rodbard, D., Katki, A., Chernick, S., and Yanagishita, M., 1991. Differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes with 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine and dexamethasone stimulates cell-associated and soluble chondroitin 4-sulfate proteoglycans. J. Biol. Chem. 266, 11237-11244., Calvo, J.C., Gandjbakhche, A.H., Nossal, R., Hascall, V.C., and Yanagishita, M., 1993. Rheological effects of the presence of hyaluronic acid in the extracellular media of differentiated 3T3-L1 preadipocyte cultures. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 302, 468-475]. Here, we analyze the time course for the appearance of these molecules during drug-induced cell differentiation. The synthesis of both hyaluronan and the proteoglycan, was maximal at 48 h in the presence of isobutylmethylxanthine and dexamethasone, but while hyaluronan remained high after changing the culture medium, the proteoglycan dropped to almost basal levels after a few days. Northern analysis revealed the presence of message for a "versican-like" molecule as well as the possibility of alternative splicing. Three major bands of 9.39, 8.48, and 7.69 kb appeared in the analysis. These bands showed a dramatic increase in intensity when RNA from non-differentiated cells was compared to differentiating 3T3-L1 cells. In addition, when the time course of appearance for this message was analyzed, it perfectly correlated the metabolic labeling of the glycosaminoglycans during cell culture. The nucleotide sequencing of two exons revealed between a 100-94% homology with proteoglycan PG-M from murine endothelial cells. At least 13% of the proteoglycan was able to bind hyaluronan. Disruption of the synthesis of the proteoglycan molecule by exogenous addition of xyloside, did not prevent triglyceride accumulation but was inhibitory to preconfluent 3T3-L1 cell proliferation. Coating of plastic culture dishes with conditioned medium from differentiating 3T3-L1 cells, resulted in decreased cell adhesion. Cell adhesion was partially recovered after degradation of hyaluronan and chondroitin sulfate by enzymatic treatment. All these results indicate a possible role of these molecules in the observed changes in the viscoelastic properties of the culture medium, as well as open the field for a more thorough study of their role in 3T3-L1 cell proliferation and/or differentiation.