RESUMO
Objetivou-se descrever a ocorrência do Bovine alphaherpesvirus 5 (BoHV5) como causa de meningoencefalite não supurativa em bovinos do estado de Pernambuco, Brasil. Para tanto, 32 amostras de sistema nervoso embebidas em parafina foram obtidas de animais acometidos por doenças neurológicas atendidos na Clínica de Bovinos de Garanhuns da Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (CBG-UFRPE), entre 2012 e 2016. As amostras foram analisadas quanto à presença do gene da glicoproteína C do BoHV5 por reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR). Dois animais (6,25%) tiveram resultado positivo à PCR, e sua análise de sequenciamento indicou 100% de similaridade para o BoHV5. Os resultados histopatológicos desses dois animais revelaram lesões multifocais de meningoencefalite não supurativa associada à polioencefalomalácia, presença de corpúsculos de inclusão basofílicos, infiltração de células de Gitter e presença de manguitos perivasculares. A PCR se mostra uma importante ferramenta para diferenciação das infecções por BoHV5 de outras enfermidades neurológicas de bovinos, especialmente a raiva.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Bovinos , Herpesvirus Bovino 5/isolamento & purificação , Meningoencefalite/veterinária , Parafina , Sistema Nervoso Central , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/veterinária , Viroses do Sistema Nervoso Central/epidemiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Viruses are a common cause of central nervous system (CNS) infections. However, studies of CNS viral pathogens in pediatric patients are poorly explored because viral infections are often erroneously diagnosed as bacterial infections. METHODS: 299 CNS samples were collected from pediatric patients aged from one month to 14 years old. A total of 140 viral meningitis cases that met the inclusion criteria were included in this study. In 38 of the 140 cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) samples (27.1%), conventional and real-time PCR were used to identify viruses commonly associated with CNS infections. RESULTS: Among them, 23 patients (16.5%) tested positive for flaviviruses such as dengue, Zika, and yellow fever virus, eight patients (5.7%) were positive for enterovirus (ENTV), and six patients (4.3%) were positive for human herpesvirus 1/2. We also identified one case of dengue virus and ENTV co-infection. CONCLUSIONS: A correlation between clinical symptoms and laboratory findings for the viruses was identified. Our study also reinforces the importance of including viruses in the laboratory diagnosis of CNS infections especially flaviviruses, which assists public health authorities in implementing early interventions.
Assuntos
Infecções do Sistema Nervoso Central , Viroses do Sistema Nervoso Central , Enterovirus , Meningite Viral , Viroses , Infecção por Zika virus , Zika virus , Adolescente , Infecções do Sistema Nervoso Central/diagnóstico , Infecções do Sistema Nervoso Central/epidemiologia , Viroses do Sistema Nervoso Central/diagnóstico , Viroses do Sistema Nervoso Central/epidemiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Humanos , Lactente , Meningite Viral/diagnóstico , Meningite Viral/epidemiologia , Viroses/diagnóstico , Viroses/epidemiologiaRESUMO
La meningoencefalitis son enfermedades endemoepidémicas de distribución universal, generalmente graves, que requieren un rápido tratamiento por la velocidad de su evolución y la posibilidad de secuelas o muerte. La meningitis de etiología infecciosa es una patología de notificación obligatoria, inmediata y universal, lo que permite conocer su incidencia, distribución etaria, ubicación geográfica, estacionalidad, características de su evolución, entre otras variables, para orientar las estrategias de prevención y control. Se analizan los casos de meningitis desde la SE 1 a la 37 del 2016, (17 de Septiembre) provenientes de la notificación a través del Sistema Nacional de Vigilancia Sanitaria, y la situación epidemiológica en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Vigilância Sanitária , Área Programática de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Notificação de Doenças , Notificação de Abuso , Viroses do Sistema Nervoso Central/epidemiologia , Meningoencefalite/diagnóstico , Meningoencefalite/etiologia , Meningoencefalite/patologia , Meningoencefalite/prevenção & controle , Meningoencefalite/epidemiologiaAssuntos
Infecção por Zika virus/epidemiologia , América/epidemiologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Viroses do Sistema Nervoso Central/epidemiologia , Viroses do Sistema Nervoso Central/prevenção & controle , Comportamento Ritualístico , Surtos de Doenças , Feminino , Humanos , Islamismo , Microcefalia/epidemiologia , Microcefalia/prevenção & controle , Gravidez , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/epidemiologia , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/prevenção & controle , Saúde Pública , Arábia Saudita , Esportes , Viagem , Infecção por Zika virus/prevenção & controleRESUMO
History is replete with emergent pandemic infections that have decimated the human population. Given the shear mass of humans that now crowd the earth, there is every reason to suspect history will repeat itself. We describe three RNA viruses that have recently emerged in the human population to mediate severe neurological disease. These new diseases are results of new mutations in the infectious agents or new exposure pathways to the agents or both. To appreciate their pathogenesis, we summarize the essential virology and immune response to each agent. Infection is described in the context of known host defenses. Once the viruses evade immune defenses and enter central nervous system (CNS) cells, they rapidly co-opt host RNA processing to a cataclysmic extent. It is not clear why the brain is particularly susceptible to RNA viruses; but perhaps because of its tremendous dependence on RNA processing for physiological functioning, classical mechanisms of host defense (eg, interferon disruption of viral replication) are diminished or not available. Effectiveness of immunity, immunization and pharmacological therapies is reviewed to contextualize the scope of the public health challenge. Unfortunately, vaccines that confer protection from systemic disease do not necessarily confer protection for the brain after exposure through unconventional routes.
Assuntos
Viroses do Sistema Nervoso Central/epidemiologia , Viroses do Sistema Nervoso Central/virologia , Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes/epidemiologia , Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes/virologia , Animais , Aves , Viroses do Sistema Nervoso Central/patologia , Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes/patologia , Humanos , Vírus da Influenza A/patogenicidade , Influenza Humana/epidemiologia , Influenza Humana/patologia , Influenza Humana/virologia , Infecções por Orthomyxoviridae/epidemiologia , Infecções por Orthomyxoviridae/patologia , Infecções por Orthomyxoviridae/virologia , Parechovirus/patogenicidade , Febre do Vale de Rift/epidemiologia , Febre do Vale de Rift/patologia , Febre do Vale de Rift/virologiaRESUMO
The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of cytomegalovirus (CMV) in pediatric patients with neurological disorders from Zulia State, Venezuela, during the period 2007-2008. Samples of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum were obtained from 186 patients with neurological symptoms and bacteriological negative CSF. The albumin CSF/serum content was determined to rule out contamination of CSF and optimal pairs were determined by ELISA of IgM and IgG anti-CMV antibodies in serum and IgG in CSF. Only 40.86% (76/186) of patients were optimal for this study. Serum samples positive for IgM antibodies (2/76; 2.6%) and IgG antibodies (71/76; 93.4%) were obtained. CSF IgG antibodies were observed in 24/76 patients (31.6%). Increased values of glucose in CSF (p < 0.05) were observed in 58.3% of CMV patients with meningoencephalitis. In addition, increased CSF protein concentration (p < 0.01) was observed in CSF anti-CMV antibodies positive patients with meningitis. This study shows high prevalence of acute CMV infection in pediatric patients with neurological affections suggesting an important role of this virus in this pathology during the studied period.
Assuntos
Viroses do Sistema Nervoso Central/epidemiologia , Viroses do Sistema Nervoso Central/virologia , Infecções por Citomegalovirus/epidemiologia , Encefalite Viral/epidemiologia , Meningite Viral/epidemiologia , Meningoencefalite/epidemiologia , Meningoencefalite/virologia , Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Humanos , Lactente , Prevalência , Venezuela/epidemiologiaRESUMO
El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la prevalencia de citomegalovirus en pacientes pediátricos con afecciones neurológicas, provenientes del Estado Zulia, Venezuela durante el período 2007-2008. Se recolectaron 186 muestras pareadas de líquido cefalorraquídeo (LCR) y suero, de pacientes entre 1 mes y 14 años de edad, que presentaron sintomatología clínica sugestiva de afectación del SNC y cuyo estudio bacteriológico convencional de LCR resultó negativo. Se determinó la relación albúmina LCR/suero a fin de descartar contaminación y a los pares óptimos se les determinó por la técnica de ELISA anticuerpos IgM e IgG en suero e IgG en LCR anti-CMV. Del total de muestras recolectadas 40,86% (76/186) resultaron óptimas para el análisis. De los 76 casos analizados, el 2,6% (2/76) de las muestras de suero resultaron positivas para IgM; 93,4% (71/76) fueron seropositivas a IgG mientras que el 31,6% (24/76) de las muestras de LCR presentaron anticuerpos IgG. En cuanto a los parámetros citoquímicos del LCR, se observaron valores de glucosa aumentados en el 58,3% (p<0,05) de los pacientes con CMV que presentaron meningoencefalitis. En los pacientes con meningitis que presentaron positividad de anticuerpos IgG anti-CMV en el LCR se observó un aumento significativo (p<0,01) en las proteínas del LCR. Se evidencia que una proporción de los pacientes pediátricos con afecciones neurológicas presentaron infección aguda por CMV, lo que demuestra una participación importante de este agente en pacientes del estado Zulia, Venezuela para el período en estudio.
The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of cytomegalovirus (CMV) in pediatric patients with neurological disorders from Zulia State, Venezuela, during the period 2007-2008. Samples of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum were obtained from 186 patients with neurological symptoms and bacteriological negative CSF. The albumin CSF/serum content was determined to rule out contamination of CSF and optimal pairs were determined by ELISA of IgM and IgG anti-CMV antibodies in serum and IgG in CSF. Only 40.86% (76/186) of patients were optimal for this study. Serum samples positive for IgM antibodies (2/76; 2.6%) and IgG antibodies (71/76; 93.4%) were obtained. CSF IgG antibodies were observed in 24/76 patients (31.6%). Increased values of glucose in CSF (p<0.05) were observed in 58.3% of CMV patients with meningoencephalitis. In addition, increased CSF protein concentration (p<0.01) was observed in CSF anti-CMV antibodies positive patients with meningitis. This study shows high prevalence of acute CMV infection in pediatric patients with neurological affections suggesting an important role of this virus in this pathology during the studied period.
Assuntos
Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Humanos , Lactente , Viroses do Sistema Nervoso Central/epidemiologia , Viroses do Sistema Nervoso Central/virologia , Infecções por Citomegalovirus/epidemiologia , Encefalite Viral/epidemiologia , Meningite Viral/epidemiologia , Meningoencefalite/epidemiologia , Meningoencefalite/virologia , Prevalência , Venezuela/epidemiologiaRESUMO
In the present work, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay and his variants RT-PCR and Multiplex PCR were applied for the detection of specific sequences of Enterovirus, Human Herpes viruses (Herpes simple virus, Human Herpes virus type 6, Cytomegalovirus, Epstein Barr virus, and Varicella Zoster), Human Immunodeficiency virus, Toxoplasma gondii, Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycoplasma pneumoniae in patients' cohorts grouped by medical suspicion of meningoencephalitis. Of 326 samples of processed cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), 93 samples (28.5%) were positive for the different infectious agents. In the group of patients with clinical diagnosis of viral meningoencephalitis (n=212), there was obtained a whole of 73 positive samples (34.4%), of which 37 patients were positive to Enterovirus (50.7%), 19 were positive to VHS (26%) and 10 patients (13.7%) were positive to CMV. Other viral agents as VZV, EBV and HVH6 were detected in minor frequency. The 114 remaining samples were analyzed applying specific PCR to each pathogen for strict medical indication, being able to detect the presence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (40%), Mycoplasma pneumoniae (40%), Toxoplasma gondii (14%) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (12%) in CSF samples. The results obtained in this study demonstrate the convenience of the application of the molecular assays in the laboratory diagnosis of the meningoencefalitis of different etiology. Besides this, it is also a very valuable tool for the clinical management of the patients and for the execution of the epidemiological studies.
Assuntos
Infecções do Sistema Nervoso Central/diagnóstico , Líquido Cefalorraquidiano/microbiologia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Adulto , Infecções do Sistema Nervoso Central/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Infecções do Sistema Nervoso Central/epidemiologia , Viroses do Sistema Nervoso Central/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Viroses do Sistema Nervoso Central/diagnóstico , Viroses do Sistema Nervoso Central/epidemiologia , Viroses do Sistema Nervoso Central/virologia , Líquido Cefalorraquidiano/virologia , Criança , Estudos de Coortes , DNA Bacteriano/análise , DNA Viral/análise , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Meningoencefalite/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Meningoencefalite/diagnóstico , Meningoencefalite/epidemiologia , Meningoencefalite/etiologia , Meningoencefalite/microbiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , RNA Bacteriano/análise , RNA Viral/análise , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Venezuela/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Enterovirus 71 (EV-71) has been associated to cases of neurological disease in many countries including Brazil. This virus has now been reported from three of the five Brazilian regions. Our study relates the findings concerning to the first isolate of this virus in Northern region of Brazil. A 15-month old female patient, from the rural zone of the municipality of Santana do Araguaia in southern Pará state was admitted at the hospital with acute, flaccid, asymmetric and ascending motor deficiency, located in the right lower limb. Stools samples from this child were inoculated in RD cells and was isolated an EV-71. We plan to sequence our strain and compare it to other isolates in Brazil. Differences at the molecular level can explain why EV-71 strains circulating in other continents, such as Asia, appear to be more virulent.
Assuntos
Viroses do Sistema Nervoso Central/virologia , Infecções por Enterovirus/virologia , Enterovirus/isolamento & purificação , Brasil/epidemiologia , Viroses do Sistema Nervoso Central/epidemiologia , Enterovirus/classificação , Infecções por Enterovirus/epidemiologia , Fezes/virologia , Feminino , Humanos , LactenteRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of ganciclovir therapy in neonates with congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease. STUDY DESIGN: Neonates with symptomatic CMV disease involving the central nervous system were randomly assigned to receive 6 weeks of intravenous ganciclovir versus no treatment. The primary end point was improved brainstem-evoked response (BSER) between baseline and 6-month follow-up (or, for patients with normal baseline hearing, normal BSER at both time points). RESULTS: From 1991 to 1999, 100 patients were enrolled. Of these, 42 patients had both a baseline and 6-month follow-up BSER audiometric examination and thus were evaluable for the primary end point. Twenty-one (84%) of 25 ganciclovir recipients had improved hearing or maintained normal hearing between baseline and 6 months versus 10 (59%) of 17 control patients (P=.06). None (0%) of 25 ganciclovir recipients had worsening in hearing between baseline and 6 months versus 7 (41%) of 17 control patients (P<.01). A total of 43 patients had a BSER at both baseline and at 1 year or beyond. Five (21%) of 24 ganciclovir recipients had worsening of hearing between baseline and > or =1 year versus 13 (68%) of 19 control patients (P<.01). A total of 89 patients had absolute neutrophil counts determined during the course of the study; 29 (63%) of 46 ganciclovir-treated patients had grade 3 or 4 neutropenia during treatment versus 9 (21%) of 43 control patients (P<.01). CONCLUSIONS: Ganciclovir therapy begun in the neonatal period in symptomatically infected infants with CMV infection involving the central nervous system prevents hearing deterioration at 6 months and may prevent hearing deterioration at > or =1 year. Almost two thirds of treated infants have significant neutropenia during therapy.