RESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To assess the vitamin D levels, prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and genotypes of Fok-I, Bsm-I, Apa-I and Taq-I polymorphisms in the VDR gene and to determine whether vitamin D deficiency and VDR gene variants are associated with blood pressure levels and systemic arterial hypertension as defined by the 2017 ACC/AHA criteria. STUDY DESIGN: A cross-sectional study of biobanked blood samples from 339 postmenopausal women. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Blood pressure strata were defined according to the 2017 ACC/AHA cutoffs. Circulating 25(OH)D levels were considered deficient if <20 ng/mL. RESULTS: Mean serum total 25(OH)D levels were 22.99 ± 8.54 ng/mL, and 40.1% of participants were deficient in vitamin D. Overall, 7.7% had elevated blood pressure, 36.6% had stage 1 and 37.8% had stage 2 hypertension. Mean total (p = 0.014) and free 25(OH)D levels (p = 0.029) were lower in women with stage 2 hypertension than in those with normal blood pressure. A higher prevalence rate of stage 2 hypertension was associated with age (PR 1.058; 95%CI 1.033-1.083; p < 0.001), BMI (PR 1.046; 95%CI 1.025-1.068; p < 0.001), vitamin D deficiency (PR 1.333; 95%CI 1.016-1.749; p = 0.038) and Taq-I polymorphism (PR 1.764; 95%CI 1.030-3.019; p = 0.039). Women with vitamin D deficiency and the AA+AG genotype of Taq-I polymorphism were 33% and 76% more likely to have stage 2 hypertension, respectively, but these associations lost significance when adjusted for age and BMI. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that vitamin D deficiency and Taq-I polymorphism are associated with stage 2 hypertension, depending on age and BMI, in postmenopausal women.
Assuntos
Hipertensão/etiologia , Polimorfismo Genético , Pós-Menopausa , Receptores de Calcitriol/genética , Deficiência de Vitamina D/complicações , Adulto , Idoso , American Heart Association , Brasil/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Hipertensão/epidemiologia , Hipertensão/patologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência , Estados Unidos , Vitamina D/sangue , Deficiência de Vitamina D/sangue , Vitaminas/sangueRESUMO
This study evaluated the validity of nutrient and food group intakes estimated by an FFQ against biomarkers. A 71-item semiquantitative FFQ was administered to 210 Brazilian children and adolescents aged 9-13 years. Intakes were correlated with biomarkers in plasma and red blood cells. Correlations between nutrients and their biomarkers were presented for animal protein, myristic acid (C14:0), EPA, DHA, ß-carotene, folate, and vitamins B3, B5 and B6. Food groups and biomarkers were correlated as follows: fish products with EPA and DHA; milk and dairy with C14:0, pyridoxal 5'-phosphate and vitamin B12; total vegetables and dark green and orange vegetables with ß-carotene; 5-methyltetrahydrofolate with green vegetables; and flour products with para-aminobenzoylglutamic acid. This FFQ is a valid tool for ranking Brazilian children and adolescents according to their intake of several nutrients and food groups.
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Biomarcadores/sangue , Inquéritos sobre Dietas , Adolescente , Brasil , Criança , Feminino , Ácido Fólico/sangue , Humanos , Masculino , Inquéritos e Questionários , Vitaminas/sangue , beta Caroteno/sangueRESUMO
INTRODUCTION Age-related cognitive disorders, including Alzheimer disease, are among the main causes of disability and dependence in older adults worldwide. High blood homocysteine levels (hyperhomocysteinemia) are a risk factor for diseases whose metabolism involves different B vitamins. Antioxidant vitamins provide a protective effect by mitigating oxidative stress generated by these diseases. Epidemiological studies have presented varying results on the relationships between blood levels of these vitamins and such cognitive disorders. OBJECTIVE Evaluate the association of vitamin and homocysteine levels with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer disease in a group of Cuban older adults. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in Havana, Cuba, of 424 persons aged ≥65 years: 43 with Alzheimer disease, 131 with mild cognitive impairment, and 250 with no signs of cognitive impairment. Dementia was diagnosed using criteria of the International 10/66 Dementia Research Group and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM IV), and mild cognitive impairment was diagnosed using Petersen's criteria. Blood levels of vitamins (thiamine, B-2, folate, B-12, C and A) and homocysteine were measured by standard procedures. Analysis of variance for continuous variables and percentage comparison tests for dichotomous variables were used to compare groups. RESULTS Persons with Alzheimer disease presented signifi cantly lower levels of vitamins B-2, C and A than healthy participants (p <0.05). Homocysteine levels were signifi cantly higher in those with Alzheimer disease and mild cognitive impairment than in participants with no cognitive impairment (p <0.05). Statistically, levels of thiamine, folic acid, and vitamin B-12 were not signifi cantly different across groups. Compared with those without cognitive impairment, prevalence rates (PR) in the Alzheimer group were signifi cantly higher for hyperhomocysteinemia (PR = 3.26; 1.84-5.80) and defi - ciency of all B vitamins: thiamine (PR = 1.89; 1.04-3.43), B-2 (PR = 2.85; 1.54-5.26), folate (PR = 3.02; 1.53-5.95), B-12 (PR = 2.21; 1.17-4.19), vitamin C (PR = 3.88; 2.12-7.10) and A (PR = 5.47; 3.26-9.17). In mild cognitive impairment, prevalence rates were signifi cantly higher for hyperhomocysteinemia (PR = 1.42; 1.08-1.87), vitamin B-2 defi ciency (PR = 1.70; 1.24-2.32) and vitamin A defi - ciency (PR =1.88; 1.05-3.38). CONCLUSIONS Hyperhomocysteinemia and various vitamin defi ciencies are related to Alzheimer disease and mild cognitive impairment. Longitudinal studies are needed to further elucidate the relationship between different nutritional biomarkers and dementia. A better understanding of this relationship could provide a basis for therapeutic and preventive strategies. KEYWORDS Vitamins, homocysteine, geriatrics, Alzheimer disease, cognitive impairment, Cuba.
Assuntos
Doença de Alzheimer/sangue , Disfunção Cognitiva/sangue , Homocisteína/sangue , Vitaminas/sangue , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Doença de Alzheimer/epidemiologia , Disfunção Cognitiva/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Cuba/epidemiologia , HumanosRESUMO
(1) Background: Inadequate levels of several trace elements and vitamins may impair spermatogenesis in men. Although weight loss after metabolic surgery normalizes male reproductive hormones, sperm quality seems to not improve. We hypothesized that circulating concentrations of zinc, copper and other trace elements and vitamins might be involved. (2) Methods: We studied 20 men submitted to metabolic surgery at baseline and after two years. Hormone profiles, serum trace elements and vitamins were studied together with sperm analysis. (3) Results: At follow-up, serum testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone and inhibin B concentrations increased showing a beneficial hormonal response for spermatogenesis. Conversely, serum copper, zinc and ferritin showed a decline after surgery. In total, 33% of men showed zinc deficiency, 27% copper deficiency and 20% iron deficiency, among others. Sperm analysis showed that all revaluated patients had at least one abnormal parameter. Serum zinc concentrations showed a positive correlation with progressive motility (r = 0.577, p = 0.031), and serum ferritin a positive correlation with sperm volume (ρ = 0.535, p = 0.049). Serum copper showed a weak and near significant correlation with motility (r = 0.115, p = 0.051). (4) Conclusions: The lack of improvement in sperm quality in obese men after metabolic surgery may be related to nutrient malabsorption, especially zinc, copper and iron.
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Cobre/sangue , Obesidade/sangue , Obesidade/cirurgia , Espermatozoides/fisiologia , Zinco/sangue , Adulto , Cirurgia Bariátrica , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Oligoelementos/sangue , Vitaminas/sangueRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Maternal supplementation during lactation could increase milk B-vitamin concentrations, but little is known about the kinetics of milk vitamin responses. OBJECTIVES: We compared acute effects of maternal lipid-based nutrient supplement (LNS) consumption (n = 22 nutrients, 175%-212% of the RDA intake for the nutrients examined), as a single dose or at spaced intervals during 8 h, on milk concentrations and infant intake from milk of B-vitamins. METHODS: This randomized crossover trial in Quetzaltenango, Guatemala included 26 mother-infant dyads 4-6 mo postpartum who were randomly assigned to receive 3 treatments in a random order: bolus 30-g dose of LNS (Bolus); 3 × 10-g doses of LNS (Divided); and no LNS (Control), with control meals. Mothers attended three 8-h visits during which infant milk consumption was measured and milk samples were collected at every feed. Infant intake was assessed as $\mathop \sum \nolimits_{i\ = \ 1}^n ( {{\rm{milk\ volum}}{{\rm{e}}_{{\rm{feed\ }}n}} \times \ {\rm{nutrient\ concentratio}}{{\rm{n}}_{{\rm{feed}}\ n}}} )$ over 8 h. RESULTS: Maternal supplementation with the Bolus or Divided dose increased least-squares mean (95% CI) milk and infant intakes of riboflavin [milk: Bolus: 154.4 (138.2, 172.5) µg · min-1 · mL-1; Control: 84.5 (75.8, 94.3) µg · min-1 · mL-1; infant: Bolus: 64.5 (56.1, 74.3) µg; Control: 34.5 (30.0, 39.6) µg], thiamin [milk: Bolus: 10.9 (10.1, 11.7) µg · min-1 · mL-1; Control: 7.7 (7.2, 8.3) µg · min-1 · mL-1; infant: Bolus: 5.1 (4.4, 6.0) µg; Control: 3.4 (2.9, 4.0) µg], and pyridoxal [milk: Bolus: 90.5 (82.8, 98.9) µg · min-1 · mL-1; Control: 60.8 (55.8, 66.3) µg · min-1 · mL-1; infant: Bolus: 39.4 (33.5, 46.4) µg; Control: 25.0 (21.4, 29.2) µg] (all P < 0.001). Only the Bolus dose increased cobalamin in milk [Bolus: 0.054 (0.047, 0.061) µg · min-1 · mL-1; Control: 0.041 (0.035, 0.048) µg · min-1 · mL-1, P = 0.039] and infant cobalamin intake [Bolus: 0.023 (0.020, 0.027) µg; Control: 0.015 (0.013, 0.018) µg, P = 0.001] compared with Control. Niacin was unaffected. CONCLUSIONS: Maternal supplementation with LNS as a Bolus or Divided dose was similarly effective at increasing milk riboflavin, thiamin, and pyridoxal and infant intakes, whereas only the Bolus dose increased cobalamin. Niacin was unaffected in 8 h. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02464111.
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Aleitamento Materno , Lactação , Micronutrientes/administração & dosagem , Micronutrientes/sangue , Vitaminas/administração & dosagem , Vitaminas/sangue , Adulto , Área Sob a Curva , Estudos Cross-Over , Suplementos Nutricionais , Feminino , Guatemala , Humanos , Lactente , Micronutrientes/química , Leite Humano/química , Niacina/administração & dosagem , Niacina/sangue , Niacina/farmacocinética , Piridoxal/administração & dosagem , Piridoxal/sangue , Piridoxal/farmacocinética , Riboflavina/administração & dosagem , Riboflavina/sangue , Riboflavina/farmacocinética , Tiamina/administração & dosagem , Tiamina/sangue , Tiamina/farmacocinética , Vitamina B 12/administração & dosagem , Vitamina B 12/sangue , Vitamina B 12/farmacocinética , Vitaminas/farmacocinética , Adulto JovemRESUMO
This study aimed to investigate the association between DNA damage and blood levels of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), retinol, beta-carotene and riboflavin in Brazilian children and adolescents. Subjects (n = 140) were healthy boys and girls aged 9 to 13 years in Ribeirão Preto (SP, Brazil). Data collection included anthropometry, assessment of energy intake and blood sampling. DNA damage was evaluated by single-cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay). Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to verify associations between blood concentrations of vitamins, polyunsaturated fatty acids and DNA damage. Multiple regression analyses, k-means cluster, and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), adjusted for confounding variables such as age, sex, energy intake, body mass index and total cholesterol (when needed), were applied to confirm the associations. PCA explained 69.4% of the inverse relationships between DNA damage and blood levels of DHA, EPA, retinol, and beta-carotene. Results were confirmed by ANCOVA and multiple regression analyses for DHA and EPA. In conclusion, omega-3-fatty acids were inversely associated with DNA damage in Brazilian children and adolescents and may be a protective factor against the development of future diseases.
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Dano ao DNA , Ácidos Docosa-Hexaenoicos/sangue , Ácido Eicosapentaenoico/sangue , Adolescente , Índice de Massa Corporal , Brasil , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Ingestão de Energia , Ácidos Graxos Insaturados/sangue , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Riboflavina/sangue , Vitamina A/sangue , Vitaminas/sangue , beta Caroteno/sangueRESUMO
Background Obesity in children and adolescents has increased alarmingly, placing them at a higher risk for impaired glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency has increased as well. Vitamin D is critical for glucose homeostasis and insulin secretion. Studies on adults have reported an inverse association between vitamin D levels and insulin resistance (IR), but the results in children are inconsistent. The aim of our study was to determine the association between IR and serum vitamin D levels in obese Mexican children and adolescents. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed on 227 children and adolescents between 6 and 19 years of age. Obesity was diagnosed through body mass index (BMI) for age, according to the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria (2007). 25-Hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) was measured using an immunoassay technique and the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated using the Matthews equation. Student's t-test was carried out. Results The mean serum 25(OH)D level was 35.80 ng/mL, and 55.1% of the subjects had levels classified as sufficient, 33.5% as insufficient, and 11.5% as deficient. The mean level of HOMA-IR was 3.16, and 70% of the subjects were diagnosed with IR. Fasting insulin levels and HOMA-IR were significantly different in adolescents with hypovitaminosis, compared with adolescents in the vitamin D sufficiency group (p = 0.01 and p = 0.03, respectively). Conclusions The insulin levels and HOMA-IR were higher in adolescents with hypovitaminosis. The girls presented higher levels of insulin and HOMA-IR than the boys.
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Biomarcadores/sangue , Intolerância à Glucose/epidemiologia , Resistência à Insulina , Obesidade Infantil/complicações , Deficiência de Vitamina D/complicações , Vitamina D/sangue , Vitaminas/sangue , Adolescente , Adulto , Índice de Massa Corporal , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Seguimentos , Intolerância à Glucose/sangue , Intolerância à Glucose/etiologia , Intolerância à Glucose/patologia , Humanos , Masculino , Prognóstico , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Vitamin D deficiency is considered a global public health problem with high prevalence in children and adolescents. The majority of the studies in the literature have identified a relationship between vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency and obesity, as well as other traditional cardiometabolic risk factors in children and adolescents. Scarce studies address vitamin D status with oxidative stress and inflammation in the young population. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the evidence of the association of vitamin D status with oxidative stress and inflammation in children and adolescents. This is a systematic review based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes (PRISMA) guideline on reporting systematic reviews. Eight studies were selected for this review. All included studies evaluated inflammatory biomarkers and two out of eight evaluated biomarkers of oxidative stress. The majority of the studies (five out of eight) found association of vitamin D status with biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation such as C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), cathepsin S, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase, 3-nitrotyrosine, and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Vitamin D status is associated with oxidative stress and inflammation in the majority of the studies with children and adolescents. Thus, the assessment of vitamin D status is important because it is associated with nontraditional cardiometabolic markers in the pediatric population (review registration: PROSPERO CRD42018109307).
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Inflamação/sangue , Inflamação/metabolismo , Estresse Oxidativo , Deficiência de Vitamina D/sangue , Deficiência de Vitamina D/metabolismo , Vitamina D/análise , Vitamina D/metabolismo , Adolescente , Biomarcadores/sangue , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Criança , Humanos , Vitaminas/sangue , Vitaminas/metabolismoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To assess sociodemographic, nutritional and health conditions associated with vitamin D sufficiency among young Brazilian children living at different latitudes. DESIGN: Cross-sectional analysis with a four-level model of inflammation to correct micronutrient concentrations. Prevalence ratios (PR; 95 % CI) were estimated for factors associated with vitamin D sufficiency (≥50 nmol/l), adjusting for child's sex, age, skin colour, stunting and vitamin A+D supplementation. SETTING: Primary health-care units in four Brazilian cities located at lower (7°59'26·9016â³S and 9°58'31·3864â³S) and higher latitudes (16°41'12·7752â³S and 30°2'4·7292â³S). PARTICIPANTS: In total 468 children aged 11-15 months were included in the analysis. RESULTS: Only 31·8 % of children were vitamin D sufficient (concentration <30 nmol/l and <50 nmol/l among 32·9 and 68·2 %, respectively). Living at higher latitudes was associated with reduced prevalence of vitamin D sufficiency compared with lower latitudes (PR = 0·65; 95 % CI 0·49, 0·85). Maternal education ≥9 years positively influenced a sufficient vitamin D status in children. After correction for inflammatory status, each increase of 1 µmol/l in vitamin A concentration was associated with a 1·38-fold higher prevalence of vitamin D sufficiency (95 % CI 1·18, 1·61). Progressive decline in the prevalence of vitamin D sufficiency was associated with marginal and deficient status of vitamin A (Ptrend = 0·001). CONCLUSIONS: Lower latitude, higher maternal education and vitamin A concentration were positively associated with vitamin D sufficiency in young Brazilian children. These findings are relevant for planning public health strategies for improving vitamin D status starting in early infancy.
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Inflamação/epidemiologia , Vitamina A/sangue , Deficiência de Vitamina D/epidemiologia , Vitamina D/sangue , Brasil/epidemiologia , Calcifediol/sangue , Estudos Transversais , Suplementos Nutricionais , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Inflamação/sangue , Masculino , Estado Nutricional , Pigmentação da Pele , Luz Solar , Vitamina A/administração & dosagem , Vitamina D/administração & dosagem , Vitamina D/análogos & derivados , Deficiência de Vitamina D/sangue , Deficiência de Vitamina D/tratamento farmacológico , Vitaminas/administração & dosagem , Vitaminas/sangueRESUMO
Our objective was to investigate the relationship between dietary vitamin D intake and serum concentration of vitamin D (25(OH)D) on changes in body weight, waist circumference (WC), and body mass index (BMI), and to determine if this relationship changes between obese and non-obese individuals at baseline and those who have or do not have 25(OH)D deficiency. This was a prospective study with a sample of 572 individuals aged 25-65 years, who were participants in the cohort study EpiFloripa Adults. Changes in weight (in kg), BMI, and WC between 2012 and 2014 were evaluated as outcomes. The main exposure was the dietary intake of vitamin D (2012), and the 25(OH)D serum concentration was secondary. When the analyses were stratified by the presence of obesity in the baseline, among obese individuals it was observed that those in the extreme categories of vitamin D intake had an average gain of 3.0 kg in weight, 0.9 kg/m2 in BMI, and 1.7-2.7 cm in WC. When 25(OH)D serum concentration were incorporated into the analyses, it was observed that non-obese subjects not having 25(OH)D deficiency had a mean reduction of 2.3 cm in WC. In conclusion, the increases in body weight, BMI, and WC were higher over time in obese patients with deficient 25(OH)D serum concentration, regardless of dietary vitamin D intake.