RESUMO

Anopheles nuneztovari is considered an important vector of human malaria in several localities in Venezuela and Colombia. Its status as a vector of human malaria is still unresolved in areas of the Brazilian Amazon, in spite of have been found infected with Plasmodium sp.. For a better understanding of the genetic differentiation of populations of A. nuneztovari, electrophoretic analysis using 11 enzymes was performed on four populations from Brazil and two from Colombia. The results showed a strong differentiation for two loci: alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (alpha-Gpd) and malate dehydrogenase (Mdh) from 16 loci analyzed. Diagnostic loci were not detected. The populations of A. nuneztovari from the Brazilian Amazon showed little genetic structure and low geographic differentiation, based on the F(IS) (0.029), F(ST) (0.070), and genetic distance (0.001-0.032) values. The results of the isozyme analysis do not coincide with the indication of two lineages in the Amazon Basin by analysis of mitochondrial DNA, suggesting that this evolutionary event is recent. The mean F(ST) value (0.324) suggests that there is considerable genetic divergence among populations from the Brazilian Amazon and Colombia. The genetic distance among populations from the Brazilian Amazon and Colombia is ranges from 0.047 to 0.148, with the highest values between the Brazilian Amazon and Sitronela (SIT) (0.125-0.148). These results are consistent with those observed among members of anopheline species complexes. It is suggested that geographic isolation has reduced the gene flow, resulting in the genetic divergence of the SIT population. Dendrogram analysis showed three large groups: one Amazonian and two Colombia, indicating some genetic structuring. The present study is important because it attempted to clarify the taxonomic status of A. nuneztovari and provide a better understanding of the role of this mosquito in transmission of human malaria in northern South America.

Assuntos

Anopheles/genética , Variação Genética/genética , Insetos Vetores/genética , Malária/transmissão , Aconitato Hidratase/química , Aconitato Hidratase/genética , Animais , Anopheles/classificação , Anopheles/enzimologia , Brasil , Colômbia , Eletroforese em Gel de Ágar , Eletroforese em Gel de Amido , Esterases/química , Esterases/genética , Feminino , Glucose-6-Fosfato Isomerase/química , Glucose-6-Fosfato Isomerase/genética , Glicerolfosfato Desidrogenase/química , Glicerolfosfato Desidrogenase/genética , Humanos , Insetos Vetores/classificação , Insetos Vetores/enzimologia , Isocitrato Desidrogenase/química , Isocitrato Desidrogenase/genética , Isoenzimas/química , Leucil Aminopeptidase/química , Leucil Aminopeptidase/genética , Malato Desidrogenase/química , Malato Desidrogenase/genética , Fosfogluconato Desidrogenase/química , Fosfogluconato Desidrogenase/genética , Filogenia , Xantina Desidrogenase/química , Xantina Desidrogenase/genética

Assuntos

Humanos , Animais , Bovinos , Ratos , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Radicais Livres/metabolismo , Ácido Tióctico/fisiologia , Xenobióticos/antagonistas & inibidores , Ácido Tióctico/uso terapêutico , Tiroxina/metabolismo , Prostaglandinas/biossíntese , Antioxidantes/uso terapêutico , Metabolismo Energético/efeitos dos fármacos , Dano ao DNA/efeitos dos fármacos , Peroxidação de Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Piruvato Descarboxilase/metabolismo , Piruvato Descarboxilase/química , Xantina Desidrogenase/química

Assuntos

Humanos , Animais , Bovinos , Ratos , Ácido Tióctico/fisiologia , Estresse Oxidativo , Radicais Livres/metabolismo , Xenobióticos/antagonistas & inibidores , Ácido Tióctico/uso terapêutico , Antioxidantes/uso terapêutico , Dano ao DNA , Metabolismo Energético , Peroxidação de Lipídeos , Prostaglandinas/biossíntese , Piruvato Descarboxilase/química , Piruvato Descarboxilase/metabolismo , Tiroxina/metabolismo , Xantina Desidrogenase/química