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Introdução: Náuseas e vômitos induzidos por quimioterapia (NVIQ) são importantes efeitos colaterais dos tratamentos antineoplásicos. Algumas plantas medicinais vêm sendo estudadas no manejo desses efeitos, como o gengibre (Zingiber officinale). Objetivo: Realizar uma revisão acerca do uso via oral do gengibre no manejo de NVIQ em pacientes com câncer. Método: Revisão integrativa da literatura realizada na base de dados MEDLINE, em setembro de 2022, adotando a combinação das palavras-chave "Zingiber officinale" e "Cancer". Foram também aplicados filtros na seleção para incluir ensaios clínicos aleatórios publicados entre 2012 e 2022. Resultados: Ao todo, foram analisados nove estudos. O gengibre apresenta potencial de reduzir NVIQ em pacientes com câncer, refletindo positivamente na qualidade de vida e na melhora do apetite e da fadiga. Os estudos não observaram efeitos adversos da administração do gengibre. Conclusão: O uso por via oral do gengibre demonstra ser uma estratégia segura para o manejo de NVIQ em pacientes com câncer, na dose de 1 g/dia do gengibre em pó, podendo ser utilizado como terapia complementar juntamente com regimes antieméticos padrões

Introduction: Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) are important side effects of antineoplastic treatments. Some medicinal plants have been studied in the management of these effects, such as ginger (Zingiber officinale). Objective: Review the oral use of ginger in the management of CINV in cancer patients. Method: Integrative literature review carried out at the MEDLINE database, in September 2022, utilizing the combination of the keywords "Zingiber officinale" and "Cancer", filters were also applied to include randomized clinical trials published between 2012 and 2022. Results: In all, nine studies were analyzed. Ginger has the potential to reduce CINV in cancer patients, reflecting positively on quality-of-life, improved appetite and fatigue. The studies have not found any adverse effect after administering ginger. Conclusion: The oral use of ginger proves to be an effective strategy for the management of CINV in cancer patients, in the dosage regimen of 1 g/day of powdered ginger, and can be used as a complementary therapy along with standard antiemetic regimens

Introducción: Las náuseas y los vómitos inducidos por la quimioterapia (NVIQ) son efectos secundarios importantes de los tratamientos antineoplásicos. Se han estudiado algunas plantas medicinales en el manejo de estos efectos, como el jengibre (Zingiber officinale). Objetivo: Realizar una revisión integradora de la literatura sobre el uso oral del jengibre en el manejo de las NVIQ en pacientes oncológicos. Método: Revisión integradora de la literatura realizada en la base de datos MEDLINE, en septiembre de 2022, adoptando la combinación de las palabras clave "Zingiber officinale" y "Cancer". También se aplicaron filtros en la selección para incluir ensayos clínicos aleatorizados publicados entre 2012 y 2022. Resultados: En total, se analizaron nueve estudios. El jengibre tiene el potencial de reducir las NVIQ en pacientes con cáncer, lo que se refleja positivamente en la mejora de la calidad de vida, apetito y fatiga. Los estudios no han observado ningún efecto adverso por la administración del jengibre. Conclusión: El uso del jengibre por vía oral demuestra ser una estrategia segura para el manejo de NVIQ en pacientes con cáncer, usando una dosis de 1 g/día de jengibre en polvo, y puede usarse como terapia complementaria junto con los regímenes antieméticos estándar

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of ginger as an additive in the diet of fattening rabbits. Sixty weaned rabbits (35 days old) were randomly assigned to four groups (n = 15). Animals were fed ad libitum with a control diet or one of three experimental diets supplemented with 0.5, 1, and 2 g of ginger per 100 g of feed during 28 d. Weight gain in the final week of the experiment was significantly greater in rabbits fed ginger at 0.5 g/100 g of feed than in those fed ginger at 1 and 2 g/100 g of feed or the control diet. No significant differences in morphometric measurements were observed among the treatments, but higher values of live weight, carcass length, and carcass circumference were observed in rabbits treated with ginger than in those fed the control diet. Regarding carcass quality parameters involving the kidneys and empty gastrointestinal tract, we found that rabbits treated with ginger at 0.5 g/100 g of feed showed significant differences from those treated with ginger at 1 and 2 g/100 g of feed or the control diet. pH, water holding capacity, L*, and a* did not significantly differ among the treatments, although greater water holding capacity was observed in rabbits treated with ginger than in control rabbits. Parameter b* was significantly higher in rabbits fed ginger at 2 g/100 g of feed than in those fed at 0.5 and 1 g/100 g of feed and in the control. The results found suggest that ginger can be used as an additive in diets of fattening rabbits.(AU)

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The study we conducted aimed to evaluate the acute toxicity of abamectin (ABM) (pesticide) on liver function and neurobehavioral by using the open field test. As a therapy, we have opted for a treatment based on natural antioxidants ginger extract (Zingiber officinale) mixed with olive oil to see the restorative effects during the experiment. The study was conducted on female Wistar rats. The latter was given an inhalation exposure of abamectin (ABM) at a dose CL50 > 5.04mg/L/1hr each morning for one week. The effects of this exposure showed a drop in body weight gain (g), a significant decrease in the relative and absolute weights liver (gm/100 gm body weight) accompanied by hepatic impairment indicating a significant disturbance of transaminases (AST/ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and significant behavioral changes. Administration of ginger (Zingiber officinale) extract at a dose of 3 ml mixed with olive oil at a dose of 1 ml/kg for 7 days orally (gavages) after inhalation indicates that ginger has a more remarkable and rapid effect on physical and mental health, it acts as a major means of defense and hepato-protective against toxicity.(AU)

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RESUMO

The study we conducted aimed to evaluate the acute toxicity of abamectin (ABM) (pesticide) on liver function and neurobehavioral by using the open field test. As a therapy, we have opted for a treatment based on natural antioxidants ginger extract (Zingiber officinale) mixed with olive oil to see the restorative effects during the experiment. The study was conducted on female Wistar rats. The latter was given an inhalation exposure of abamectin (ABM) at a dose CL50 > 5.04mg/L/1hr each morning for one week. The effects of this exposure showed a drop in body weight gain (g), a significant decrease in the relative and absolute weights liver (gm/100 gm body weight) accompanied by hepatic impairment indicating a significant disturbance of transaminases (AST/ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and significant behavioral changes. Administration of ginger (Zingiber officinale) extract at a dose of 3 ml mixed with olive oil at a dose of 1 ml/kg for 7 days orally (gavages) after inhalation indicates that ginger has a more remarkable and rapid effect on physical and mental health, it acts as a major means of defense and hepato-protective against toxicity.(AU)

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RESUMO

The study we conducted aimed to evaluate the acute toxicity of abamectin (ABM) (pesticide) on liver function and neurobehavioral by using the open field test. As a therapy, we have opted for a treatment based on natural antioxidants ginger extract (Zingiber officinale) mixed with olive oil to see the restorative effects during the experiment. The study was conducted on female Wistar rats. The latter was given an inhalation exposure of abamectin (ABM) at a dose CL50 > 5.04mg/L/1hr each morning for one week. The effects of this exposure showed a drop in body weight gain (g), a significant decrease in the relative and absolute weights liver (gm/100 gm body weight) accompanied by hepatic impairment indicating a significant disturbance of transaminases (AST/ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and significant behavioral changes. Administration of ginger (Zingiber officinale) extract at a dose of 3 ml mixed with olive oil at a dose of 1 ml/kg for 7 days orally (gavages) after inhalation indicates that ginger has a more remarkable and rapid effect on physical and mental health, it acts as a major means of defense and hepato-protective against toxicity.

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O número de espécies bacterianas resistentes aos antimicrobianos tem atingido níveis elevados. Com isso, torna-se necessária a realização de pesquisas que avaliem os efeitos de métodos terapêuticos alternativos. Os objetivos desse trabalho foram avaliar a citotoxicidade do extrato glicólico de Zingiber officinale em macrófagos de camundongos e queranócitos humanos, atividade antimicrobiana sobre biofilmes monotípicos (micro-organismos aeróbios: Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, e anaeróbios: Porphyromonas gingivalis, Porphyromonas endodontalis, Prevotella intermedia) e biofilmes heterotípicos (associação: C. albicans e bactérias aeróbias). Para ação citotóxica, as células foram cultivadas em meio DMEM, semeadas (2 x 104 células/poço) na placa de 96 poços. Após aderência inicial, foi adicionado o extrato em diluição seriada (5 min e 24 h), e realizado o teste de MTT. Para avaliar a ação antimicrobiana, a Concentração Inibitória Mínina (CIM) e Concentração Microbicida Mínima (CMM) foram determinadas segundo as normas do CLSI. Para biofilmes, foram adicionados 100 µL meio de cultura e 100 µL suspensão microbiana (107 UFC/mL) em placas de 96 poços, nos heterotípicos foram utilizados 50 µL de cada microorganismo. As placas foram incubadas (37ºC), por 48 h (aeróbios) ou por 7 dias (anaeróbios). Aplicou-se o extrato (5 min e 24 h), nas concentrações efetivas pré-determinadas (CMM) e duas superiores, depois os biofilmes foram desagregados e semeados para a contagem de UFC. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente (ANOVA e Tukey, ou Kruskall-Wallis e Dunn, 5%). O extrato glicólico de Z. officinale apresentou viabilidade celular superior a 50% a partir de 50 (5 min) e 6,25 mg/mL (24 h) aos macrófagos, 25 (5 min) e 12,5 mg/mL (24 h) aos queratinócitos. Nos biofilmes monotípicos apresentou resultados mais significantes sobre C. albicans, P. endodontalis e P. intermedia. Mostrou-se mais efetivo sobre os biofilmes heterotípicos, como na associação entre C. albicans e S. aureus (24 h) onde apresentou redução de 90% e 100%, respectivamente. Conclui-se que o extrato glicólico de Z. officinale apresentou viabilidade celular superior a 50% na cultura de macrófagos e queratinócitos, apresentou atividade antimicrobiana sobre os biofilmes monotípicos de C. albicans, S. aureus, S. mutans, P. gingivalis, P. endodontalis, P. intermedia e sobre os biofilmes heterotípicos(AU)

The number of bacterial species resistant to antimicrobials has reached high levels. Thus, it is necessary to perform research that evaluates the alternative therapeutic methods, such as ginger. The present study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity of the Zingiber officinale glycolic extract in human and mouse macrophages, antimicrobial activity on monotypic biofilms (aerobic microorganisms: Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and anaerobes: Porphyromonas gingivalis, Porphyromonas endodontalis, Prevotella intermedia) and heterotypic biofilms (association: C. albicans and aerobic bacteria). To cytotoxic action, the cells have been cultivated in DMEM medium, seeded (2x104 cells/well) in the 96-well plate. After initial adhesion, the extract has been added to serial dilution (5 min and 24 h), and the MTT tests were performed. In order to assess the antimicrobial action, Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Microbicidal Concentration (MMC) were determined in according to CLSI standards. In the biofilms case, 100 µL culture medium and 100 µL microbial suspension (107 CFU / mL) were added to 96-well plates, 50 µL of each microorganism was used in the heterotypics. The plates were incubated (37°C) for 48 h period (aerobic) or for 7 days (anaerobic). The extract (5 min and 24 h) was applied at the pre-determined effective concentrations (MMC) and two higher concentrations, after which the biofilms were disaggregated and seeded for the CFU count. Data were analyzed statistically (ANOVA and Tukey, or Kruskall-Wallis and Dunn, 5%). The glycolic extract of Z. officinale presented cell viability greater than 50% from 50 (5 min) and 6.25 mg/mL (24 h) to macrophages, 25 (5 min) and 12.5 mg/mL (24 h) to keratinocytes. In the monotypic biofilms presented significant results on C. albicans, P. endodontalis and P. intermedia. It was shown to be more effective on heterotypic biofilms, as well as in the association between C. albicans and S. aureus (24 h), where it is presented a reduction of 90% and 100%, respectively. It concluded that Z. officinale glycolic extract presented cell viability greater than 50% in the macrophages and keratinocytes culture, in which presented antimicrobial activity on the monotypic biofilms of C. albicans, S. aureus, S. mutans, P. gingivalis, P. endodontalis, P. intermedia and on heterotypic biofilms(AU)

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