RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Stress and menstrual cycle have been described as factors influencing bad breath, as they can alter oral homeostasis and contribute to the production of volatile sulfur compounds (VSC). OBJECTIVE: Considering that the experimenter's and volunteer's gender may influence the volunteer's responses to stress, the aim of this work was to evaluate the influence of stress and gender on the production of VSC and salivary biomarkers. METHODS: The experimental acute stress was induced by the Video-Recorded Stroop Color-Word Test (VRSCWT). The VSC, salivary proteins, and cardiovascular parameters were measured before and after VRSCWT. RESULTS: The VRSCWT induced significant increase in total VSC, hydrogen sulfide, and blood pressure values in men and women. Women presented higher values of both these compounds than men. The increase in systolic blood pressure was more pronounced when subjects were evaluated by an experimenter of the opposite gender. When women were evaluated by a member of the opposite gender, they showed significant increases in salivary alpha-amylase and cortisol compared with baseline values. CONCLUSION: Thus, the results showed that VRSCWT induced acute stress, which increased VSC production, and these effects were shown to be influenced by the gender.
Assuntos
Halitose/metabolismo , Estresse Psicológico/metabolismo , Compostos de Enxofre/metabolismo , Ansiedade/complicações , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Pressão Sanguínea , Feminino , Halitose/etiologia , Humanos , Hidrocortisona/sangue , Sulfeto de Hidrogênio/metabolismo , Imunoglobulina A/análise , Masculino , Ciclo Menstrual/fisiologia , Saliva/química , Fatores Sexuais , Estresse Psicológico/complicações , Gravação em Vídeo , Adulto Jovem , alfa-Amilases/sangueRESUMO
A study was conducted to assess the effect of clonidine (α(2)-adrenoceptor selective agonist) on glycemia, serum and urine α-amylase, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine, white blood cell count, kidney histology and zymogen granule content in pancreatic acini, in mice under the effect of Tityus discrepans (Td) scorpion venom. BALB/c male mice (20 ± 2 g, n = 7-11) were intraperitoneally (ip) injected with a sublethal dose (1 µg/g) of Td venom, and were treated (ip) with 0.1 µg/g of clonidine (Catapresan(®)) or 0.9% NaCl 30 min after the venom injection, and then every 2 h. Six hours later, mice were anesthetized with diethylether and urine and blood samples were withdrawn by cystocentesis and cardiocentesis, respectively. Tissue samples were obtained and fixed immediately in buffered formalin (2%, pH 7.4) and then processed for stain H&E. Td venom did not cause hyperglycemia by itself. However, clonidine induced hyperglycemia, which was synergized by Td venom. Although the venom did not produce hyperamylasemia, clonidine significantly diminished serum α-amylase activity in envenomed mice. Td venom did not significantly increase urinary α-amylase activity, which was unaffected by clonidine. Morphometric analysis using microphotographs of pancreata from mice injected with Td venom showed a reduced zymogen granule content as judged by the acidophilic bidimensional area of acini. This effect was significantly reduced by clonidine. Kidney samples showed histological changes which were partially affected by the drug. Clonidine reduced the increase in BUN and serum creatinine concentration in envenomed mice. Td venom produced neutrophilia and lymphopenia, which were clonidine-resistant at the assayed dose. These results suggest that α(2)-adrenoceptor selective agonists would be able to reduce some scorpion venom-induced renal and pancreatic disturbances, possibly through the inhibition of neurotransmitter release from presynaptic cholinergic and noradrenergic terminals, as well as from adrenal medulla.
Assuntos
Agonistas de Receptores Adrenérgicos alfa 2/farmacologia , Clonidina/farmacologia , Venenos de Escorpião/toxicidade , Escorpiões/fisiologia , Animais , Nitrogênio da Ureia Sanguínea , Creatinina/sangue , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Precursores Enzimáticos , Hiperglicemia/sangue , Hiperglicemia/induzido quimicamente , Processamento de Imagem Assistida por Computador , Rim/efeitos dos fármacos , Rim/patologia , Contagem de Leucócitos , Leucócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Leucócitos/patologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Pâncreas/efeitos dos fármacos , Pâncreas/metabolismo , Pancreatite/induzido quimicamente , Pancreatite/patologia , Vesículas Secretórias/efeitos dos fármacos , Vesículas Secretórias/ultraestrutura , alfa-Amilases/sangue , alfa-Amilases/urinaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to evaluate the effect of moderate ethanol administration on the biochemical indices in streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic rats. METHODS: Twenty-four male Wistar rats were divided into four groups of six animals each. Groups one and two contained non-diabetic normal rats and normal rats treated with ethanol, respectively. Group three was untreated STZ-diabetic rats and group four was made up of ethanol-treated STZ-diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ (35 mg/kg), while ethanol (100%v/v) was given at a dose 2 g/kg thrice per week for three weeks. After the last dose of ethanol and an overnight fasting, rats were sacrificed by cervical dislocation. Blood was collected by syringe from the heart into plain centrifuge tubes. RESULTS: Moderate ethanol administration to STZ-diabetic rats caused a significant (p < 0.05) increase in relative weight of liver relative to normal. Ethanol intake in STZ-diabetic rats produced an insignificant (p > 0.05) effect on the levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG) and HbA1c relative to the untreated-diabetic group. Moderately, ethanol administration to STZ-diabetic rats produced a marked and significant (p < 0.05) increase in the levels of serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol and the activities of alanine aminotransferase relative to untreated diabetic rats. Ethanol-treated diabetic rats had significantly (p < 0.05) lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol levels, while the activities of lactate dehydrogenase and alpha-amylase were insignificantly (p > 0.05) affected. There were no significant (p > 0.05) differences in all the biochemical indices in normal rats relative to ethanol-treated normal rats. CONCLUSIONS: Moderate ethanol administration did not affect FBG and HbA1c, but altered the lipid profile of STZ-diabetic rats. Moderate ethanol intake may further increase the risk of complications in diabetes.
Assuntos
Glicemia/efeitos dos fármacos , Depressores do Sistema Nervoso Central/administração & dosagem , Diabetes Mellitus/sangue , Etanol/administração & dosagem , Hemoglobinas Glicadas/metabolismo , Alanina Transaminase/sangue , Alanina Transaminase/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Depressores do Sistema Nervoso Central/farmacologia , HDL-Colesterol/sangue , HDL-Colesterol/efeitos dos fármacos , LDL-Colesterol/sangue , LDL-Colesterol/efeitos dos fármacos , Diabetes Mellitus/induzido quimicamente , Etanol/farmacologia , L-Lactato Desidrogenase/sangue , L-Lactato Desidrogenase/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Estreptozocina , Triglicerídeos/sangue , alfa-Amilases/sangue , alfa-Amilases/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to evaluate the effect of moderate ethanol administration on the biochemical indices in streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic rats. METHODS: Twenty-four male Wistar rats were divided into four groups of six animals each. Groups one and two contained non-diabetic normal rats and normal rats treated with ethanol, respectively. Group three was untreated STZ-diabetic rats and group four was made up of ethanol-treated STZ-diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ (35 mg/kg), while ethanol (10%v/v) was given at a dose 2 g/kg thrice per week for three weeks. After the last dose of ethanol and an overnight fasting, rats were sacrificed by cervical dislocation. Blood was collected by syringe from the heart into plain centrifuge tubes. RESULTS: Moderate ethanol administration to STZ-diabetic rats caused a significant (p < 0. 05) increase in relative weight of liver relative to normal. Ethanol intake in STZ-diabetic rats produced an insignificant (p > 0. 05) effect on the levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG) and HbA1c rrelative to the untreated-diabetic group. Moderately, ethanol administration to STZ-diabetic rats produced a marked and significant (p < 0. 05) increase in the levels of serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol and the activities of alanine aminotransferase relative to untreated diabetic rats. Ethanol-treated diabetic rats had significantly (p < 0. 05) lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol levels, while the activities of lactate dehydrogenase and α-amylase were insignificantly (p > 0. 05) affected. There were no significant (p > 0. 05) differences in all the biochemical indices in normal rats relative to ethanol-treated normal rats. CONCLUSIONS: Moderate ethanol administration did not affect FBG and HbA1c , but altered the lipid profile of STZ-diabetic rats. Moderate ethanol intake may further increase the risk of complications in diabetes.
OBJETIVO: Este estudio se diseñó con el propósito de evaluar el efecto del uso de etanol moderado sobre los índices bioquímicos en ratas Wistar diabéticas por estreptozotocina (STZ). MÉTODOS: Veinticuatro ratas Wistar machos fueron divididas en cuatro grupos de seis animales cada uno. Dos de los grupos tenían ratas normales no diabéticas y ratas normales tratadas con etanol, respectivamente. El tercer grupo estaba formado por ratas diabéticas por STZ no tratadas, y el cuarto por ratas diabéticas por STZ tratadas con etanol. La diabetes fue inducida mediante una inyección intraperitoneal de STZ (35 mg/kg), mientras que el etanol (10% v/v) fue administrado en dosis de 2 g/kg tres veces por semana durante tres semanas. Tras la última dosis de etanol y un ayuno de una noche, las ratas fueron sacrificadas mediante dislocación cervical. La sangre fue recogida del corazón con jeringuillas e introducida en tubos para centrífuga sin graduación. RESULTADOS: La administración moderada de etanol a ratas diabéticas por STZ, causó un aumento significativo (p < 0.05) en el peso relativo del hígado con relación al normal. La ingestión de etanol en ratas diabéticas por STZ tuvo un efecto insignificante (p > 0.05) en los niveles de glucosa en sangre en ayuno (GSA) y HbA1c en relación con grupos diabéticos no tratados. En medida moderada, la administración de etanol a ratas diabéticas por STZ produjo un aumento marcado y significativo (p < 0.05) en los niveles de colesterol total en suero, triglicéridos, el colesterol asociado con las lipoproteínas de baja densidad, o colesterol LDL, y la actividad de la aminotransferasa alanina en relación con las ratas diabéticas no tratadas. Las ratas diabéticas tratadas con etanol tuvieron niveles significativamente disminuidos de colesterol asociado con las lipoproteínas de alta densidad, o colesterol HDL, en tanto que la actividad del lactato deshidrogenasa y la α-amilasa no fue afectada significativamente (p > 0.05). No hubo diferencias significativas (p > 0.05) en todos los índices bioquímicos en las ratas normales con respecto a las ratas normales tratadas con etanol. CONCLUSIONES: El suministro moderado de etanol no afectó el GSA ni el HbA1c , pero alteró el perfil lípido de las ratas diabéticas por STZ. La ingestión moderada de etanol puede aumentar a un más el riesgo de las complicaciones de la diabetes.
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Ratos , Glicemia/efeitos dos fármacos , Depressores do Sistema Nervoso Central/administração & dosagem , Diabetes Mellitus/sangue , Etanol/administração & dosagem , Hemoglobinas Glicadas/metabolismo , Alanina Transaminase/sangue , Alanina Transaminase/efeitos dos fármacos , Depressores do Sistema Nervoso Central/farmacologia , HDL-Colesterol/sangue , HDL-Colesterol/efeitos dos fármacos , LDL-Colesterol/sangue , LDL-Colesterol/efeitos dos fármacos , Diabetes Mellitus/induzido quimicamente , Etanol/farmacologia , L-Lactato Desidrogenase/sangue , L-Lactato Desidrogenase/efeitos dos fármacos , Ratos Wistar , Estreptozocina , Triglicerídeos/sangue , alfa-Amilases/sangue , alfa-Amilases/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
This study aimed to investigate the immediate effects of the secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA), α-amylase activity and blood pressure levels after the application of a Reiki session in nurses with Burnout Syndrome. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design was conducted to compare the immediate effects of Reiki versus control intervention (Hand-off sham intervention) in nurses with Burnout Syndrome. Sample was composed of eighteen nurses (aged 34-56 years) with burnout syndrome. Participants were randomly assigned to receive either a Reiki treatment or a placebo (sham Reiki) treatment, according to the established order in two different days. The ANOVA showed a significant interaction time x intervention for diastolic blood pressure (F=4.92, P=0.04) and sIgA concentration (F=4.71, P=0.04). A Reiki session can produce an immediate and statistically significant improvement in sIgA concentration and diastolic blood pressure in nurses with Burnout Syndrome.
Assuntos
Esgotamento Profissional/terapia , Enfermagem , Toque Terapêutico , Adulto , Pressão Sanguínea , Esgotamento Profissional/sangue , Esgotamento Profissional/fisiopatologia , Estudos Cross-Over , Método Duplo-Cego , Feminino , Humanos , Imunoglobulina A Secretora/sangue , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , alfa-Amilases/sangueRESUMO
This study aimed to investigate the immediate effects of the secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA), α-amylase activity and blood pressure levels after the application of a Reiki session in nurses with Burnout Syndrome. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design was conducted to compare the immediate effects of Reiki versus control intervention (Hand-off sham intervention) in nurses with Burnout Syndrome. Sample was composed of eighteen nurses (aged 34-56 years) with burnout syndrome. Participants were randomly assigned to receive either a Reiki treatment or a placebo (sham Reiki) treatment, according to the established order in two different days. The ANOVA showed a significant interaction time x intervention for diastolic blood pressure (F=4.92, P=0.04) and sIgA concentration (F=4.71, P=0.04). A Reiki session can produce an immediate and statistically significant improvement in sIgA concentration and diastolic blood pressure in nurses with Burnout Syndrome.
O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar os efeitos imediatos na imunoglobulina A salivar (IgAs), na atividade de α-amilase e na pressão arterial, após uma aplicação de Reiki em enfermeiras que sofrem da síndrome de Burnout. Foi realizado ensaio clínico randomizado duplo-cego e placebo controlado, com desenho cruzado. Dezoito enfermeiras (idade entre 34 e 56 anos), com síndrome de Burnout, participaram do estudo. As participantes receberam tratamento com Reiki ou Reiki falso, de acordo com a ordem estabelecida, através da randomização em dois dias distintos. O teste de Anova mostrou interação significativa entre o momento da intervenção e a pressão arterial diastólica (F=4,92, p=0,04) e os níveis de sIgA (F=4,71, p=0,04). Conclui-se que uma sessão de Reiki de 30 minutos pode melhorar de forma imediata a resposta de IgAs e da pressão arterial diastólica em enfermeiras com síndrome de Burnout.
El objetivo fue investigar los efectos inmediatos en inmunoglobulina A salival (IgAs), actividad de α-amilasa y presión arterial de una aplicación de reiki en enfermeras sufriendo síndrome de Burnout. Se utilizó un ensayo preliminar placebo randomizado con cegamiento doble utilizando un diseño cruzado. Dieciocho enfermeras (edad 34-56) con síndrome de Burnout participaron en el estudio. Las participantes recibieron tratamiento con Reiki o Reiki fingido según el orden establecido por la randomización en dos días distintos. El test de ANOVA mostró un interacción significativa momento intervención para la presión arterial diastólica (F=4.92, P=0.04) a y la concentración de sIgA (F=4.71, P=0.04). Una sesión de Reiki de 30 minutos puede mejorar de manera inmediata la respuesta de IgAs y la presión arterial diastólica en enfermeras con síndrome de Burnout.
Assuntos
Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Esgotamento Profissional/terapia , Enfermagem , Toque Terapêutico , Pressão Sanguínea , Esgotamento Profissional/sangue , Esgotamento Profissional/fisiopatologia , Estudos Cross-Over , Método Duplo-Cego , Imunoglobulina A Secretora/sangue , alfa-Amilases/sangueRESUMO
We investigated the potential of secretory phospholipase A(2) (sPLA(2))-induced pancreatitis to promote abdominal hyperalgesia, as well as to depolarize sensory fibres in vitro using a grease-gap technique. Pancreatitis was induced by the injection of sPLA(2) from Crotalus durissus terrificus (sPLA(2)Cdt, 300µgkg(-1)) venom into the common bile duct of rats. Pancreatic inflammatory signs, serum amylase levels and abdominal hyperalgesia were evaluated in rats treated or not with SR140333, a tachykinin NK(1) receptor antagonist. Injection of sPLA(2)Cdt caused pancreatic oedema formation and increased pancreatic neutrophil infiltration and serum amylase at 4h, which returned to normality by 24h, except for the neutrophil infiltration, which was still increased at this time point. Animals injected with sPLA(2) exhibited a lower withdrawal threshold to electronic von Frey stimulation in the upper abdominal region at 4h, but not 24h, post-injection when compared with saline-injected rats. Pre-treatment of animals with SR140333 significantly reduced the sPLA(2)Cdt-induced abdominal hyperalgesia, without affecting the other parameters. Neither sPLA(2)Cdt nor sPLA(2) from Naja mocambique mocambique venom depolarized capsaicin-sensitive sensory fibres from rat vagus nerve, but they decreased the propagated compound action potentials in both A and C fibres. These data show for the first time that NK(1) receptors play an important role in the early abdominal hyperalgesia in a rat model of sPLA(2)-induced pancreatitis, suggesting that these receptors are of importance in the development of pain in the pancreatitis condition. We also provide evidence that sPLA(2)s do not directly depolarize sensory fibres in vitro.
Assuntos
Dor Abdominal/metabolismo , Hiperalgesia/metabolismo , Pancreatite/metabolismo , Fosfolipases A2 Secretórias/farmacologia , Receptores da Neurocinina-1/metabolismo , Dor Abdominal/induzido quimicamente , Dor Abdominal/fisiopatologia , Potenciais de Ação/efeitos dos fármacos , Potenciais de Ação/fisiologia , Animais , Hiperalgesia/induzido quimicamente , Hiperalgesia/fisiopatologia , Inflamação/induzido quimicamente , Inflamação/metabolismo , Inflamação/fisiopatologia , Pancreatite/induzido quimicamente , Pancreatite/fisiopatologia , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Nervo Vago/efeitos dos fármacos , Nervo Vago/fisiologia , alfa-Amilases/sangueRESUMO
The ability of chromium (Cr) salts to increase metallothionein (MT) levels in rat liver, kidney and pancreas, and its relationship with the presence of toxic effects are reported here. Rats were injected subcutaneously with 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, or 50 mg K2Cr2O7/kg and sacrificed 24 h later. Total Cr accumulation followed a dose-dependent pattern, levels in kidney being higher than those in liver or pancreas, suggesting different tissue bioavailabilities and accumulation patterns. Cr(IV) administration resulted in a tissue-specific MT induction: pancreas and liver showed five- and 3.5-fold MT increases, respectively; no increase was observed in the kidney. A positive correlation was observed between zinc and MT concentrations in liver, and between total Cr and MT concentrations in pancreas. Serum alpha-amylase activity showed a dose-dependent increase starting from 20 mg/kg, whereas serum glucose levels increased at doses higher than 30 mg/kg. Serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase activities were increased in a dose-dependent manner, from 20 and 30 mg/kg, respectively. Our results showed that treatment with Cr(VI) can induce MT synthesis in pancreas and suggests a subsequent binding of Cr to MT. Also, pancreas is a target organ for Cr toxicity, and the usefulness of alpha-amylase activity as a sensitive biomarker of Cr toxicity in human exposed populations merits further study.
Assuntos
Cromo/toxicidade , Metalotioneína/biossíntese , Pâncreas/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Cromo/metabolismo , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/metabolismo , Masculino , Especificidade de Órgãos , Pâncreas/metabolismo , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Zinco/metabolismo , alfa-Amilases/sangueRESUMO
Considering the possibility that during septicemic processes, pancreatitis could develop, 10 infants were studied when the clinical diagnosis of septicemia was established. With this purpose, the clinical manifestations present in the patients were recorded and the activities of serum amilase and lipase were determined at 24 hour intervals during the first three days and these studies were repeated on the 5th and 7th days. The results showed an abnormally high serum lipase activity, especially in 6 of the 10 infants. The amilase was found within normal limits with a tendency to drop in certain cases. This information suggest the presence of acute pancreatitis in some of the subjects studied.