RESUMO
Salivary glands' neoplasms are hard to diagnose and present a complex etiology. However, several viruses have been detected in these neoplasms, such as HCMV, which can play a role in certain cancers through oncomodulation. The co-infections between HCMV with betaherpesviruses (HHV-6 and HHV-7) and polyomaviruses (JCV and BKV) has been investigated. The aim of the current study is to describe the frequency of HCMV and co-infections in patients presenting neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions, including in the salivary gland. Multiplex quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used for betaherpesvirus and polyomavirus quantification purposes after DNA extraction. In total, 50.7% of the 67 analyzed samples were mucocele, 40.3% were adenoma pleomorphic, and 8.9% were mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Overall, 20.9% of samples presented triple-infections with HCMV/HHV-6/HHV-7, whereas 9.0% were co-infections with HCMV/HHV-6 and HCMV/HHV-7. The largest number of co-infections was detected in pleomorphic adenoma cases. All samples tested negative for polyomaviruses, such as BKV and JCV. It was possible to conclude that HCMV can be abundant in salivary gland lesions. A high viral load can be useful to help better understand the etiological role played by viruses in these lesions. A lack of JCV and BKV in the samples analyzed herein does not rule out the involvement of these viruses in one or more salivary gland lesion subtypes.
Assuntos
Coinfecção , Infecções por Citomegalovirus , Citomegalovirus , Neoplasias das Glândulas Salivares , Glândulas Salivares , Humanos , Coinfecção/virologia , Infecções por Citomegalovirus/virologia , Infecções por Citomegalovirus/diagnóstico , Citomegalovirus/genética , Citomegalovirus/isolamento & purificação , Masculino , Feminino , Neoplasias das Glândulas Salivares/virologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto , Idoso , Glândulas Salivares/virologia , Glândulas Salivares/patologia , Adenoma/virologia , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Carcinoma/virologia , DNA Viral/genética , DNA Viral/análise , Adulto Jovem , AdolescenteRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The indigenous population located in the central region of Brazil, is the second largest in terms of population size in the country. The Indigenous Reserve of Dourados has risk factors that increase the vulnerability of the indigenous population to infectious diseases, especially Human alphaherpesvirus (HSV-1), a neglected disease with high prevalence in priority populations in developing countries. The virus can also cause many more severe diseases, including widespread neonatal infections, herpetic keratitis, and herpes encephalitis, which can be fatal if left untreated. We estimated the prevalence of anti-HSV-1 antibodies and correlated it with the demographic and behavioral characteristics of the Indigenous population of the Jaguapirú and Bororó villages (Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul (MS), Brazil). METHODS: Our approach was cross-sectional. From March 2017 to November 2018. Using anti-HSV-1 (Gg1) IgM and anti-HSV-1 (gG1) IgG Euroimmun and the detection and quantification of HSV-1 viral load in plasma samples, through real-time PCR. The maps were constructed using QGIS and the statistical analyses using R Studio software. RESULTS: A total of 1138 individuals (> 18 years old) were enrolled. The prevalence of anti-HSV-1 IgM and IgG were 20% and 97.5%, respectively. The prevalence of anti-HSV-1 antibodies for IgG was higher in both sexes. Anti-HSV-1 IgM antibodies were present in 17.1%, 21.2%, 12.5%, and 22% of the participants with urinary problems, genital wounds, genital warts, and urethral discharge, respectively. Real-time PCR was used for confirmatory testing; HSV-1 DNA was detected in 25.6% (54/211) of anti-HSV1 IgM-positive samples. Viral loads ranged from 5.99E + 02 to 3.36E + 13. CONCLUSIONS: The seroprevalence of HSV-1 IgM and detection of HSV-1 DNA in the Indigenous population confirmed high silent prevalence. Furthermore, the seroprevalence of HSV-1 in the Indigenous population was higher than that reported in the general adult Brazilian population. Various socioeconomic factors, drug use, and health and sexual behaviors could contribute to the facilitation of HSV-1 transmission in the Indigenous population. Our results may help develop culturally appropriate intervention programs that eliminate health access barriers and improve the implementation of public health policies aimed at promoting information regarding the prevention, treatment, and control of HSV-1 infection in Brazilian Indigenous populations.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antivirais , Herpes Simples , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Brasil/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Herpes Simples/epidemiologia , Herpes Simples/virologia , Herpesvirus Humano 1/imunologia , Herpesvirus Humano 1/genética , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Imunoglobulina M/sangue , Indígenas Sul-Americanos/estatística & dados numéricos , Prevalência , Carga ViralRESUMO
The serological markers for the diagnosis of COVID-19 plays an important role in the epidemiological investigation of the pandemic. This study aims to assess the prevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 in hepatitis B and C patients in a pre-vaccination of COVID-19 period. Between March 2020 and January 2021, 199 serum samples from individuals with HBsAg/HBV DNA or anti-HCV/HCV RNA positivity were tested for antibodies (IgM and IgG) against SARS-CoV-2 using Electrochemiluminescent Immunoassay (ECLIA). Among these, 50.3 % (100/199) tested positive for hepatitis C virus infection and 49.7 % (99/199) for hepatitis B virus, confirmed through molecular and serological diagnosis. The anti-SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence was 24.1 % (48/199) in this population, with 23.23 % (23/99) hepatitis B and 25 % (25/100) hepatitis C patients tested positive for anti-SARS-CoV-2. The higher seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 (16.58 %, 33/199) was detected among those over-40 years of age and the month of November 2020 had the highest number of detections 9 % (18/199) with the majority living in impoverished and neglected neighborhoods in the city of Rio de Janeiro. We found a high prevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 in patients with viral hepatitis before COVID-19 vaccination. This demonstrates the high exposure of this population during the period of social isolation.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antivirais , COVID-19 , Hepatite B , Hepatite C , SARS-CoV-2 , Humanos , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , COVID-19/epidemiologia , COVID-19/imunologia , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , Feminino , Masculino , Hepatite B/epidemiologia , Hepatite B/prevenção & controle , Hepatite B/imunologia , Adulto , SARS-CoV-2/imunologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Hepatite C/epidemiologia , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Brasil/epidemiologia , Adulto Jovem , Idoso , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Imunoglobulina M/sangue , AdolescenteRESUMO
Cervical cancer is a global health concern and ranks fourth among the most prevalent cancers in women worldwide. Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a known precursor of cervical cancer and preventive measures include prophylactic vaccines. This study focused on sexually active Paraguayan women aged 18-25 years, exploring the intersection of HPV vaccination and sexual behavior. Among 254 participants, 40.9% received the Gardasil-4 vaccine, with no significant differences in sexual behavior between the vaccinated and unvaccinated sexually active groups. However, a notable decrease in the prevalence of HPV among the vaccinated women highlights the efficacy of this vaccine in reducing infections. The prevalence of any HPV type was 37.5% in vaccinated participants compared to 56.7% in unvaccinated participants (p = 0.0026). High-risk HPV types showed a significant difference, with a prevalence of 26.0% in vaccinated women compared with 52.7% in unvaccinated women (p < 0.001). Although a potential decline in genital warts was observed among the vaccinated individuals, statistical significance (p = 0.0564) was not reached. Despite the challenges in achieving high vaccination coverage, the observed reduction in HPV prevalence underscores the importance of ongoing monitoring, healthcare professional recommendations, and comprehensive risk management. These findings contribute to dispelling concerns about HPV vaccination influencing sexual behavior, advocating further large-scale research to explore the impact of vaccines on various HPV types and potential cross-protection.
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INTRODUCTION: Severe acute hepatitis (SAH) is defined by a severe inflammation of hepatocytes in the liver parenchyma which can lead to an acute liver failure, a clinical condition with high mortality rate that can be triggered by several factors but is usually associated to hepatotropic viruses' infection. In 2022, cases of children with severe acute hepatitis of unknown origin hospitalized in Glasgow, Scotland, were reported. Possible causes of this condition include, but are not limited to, undiagnosed viral (and non-viral) infections, autoimmune hepatitis, drug and/or chemical toxicity, mitochondrial chain respiratory and metabolic disorders. AREAS COVERED: Herpesviruses can cause severe acute hepatitis, but little is known about the role and the mechanisms of herpesviruses as a causative agent of this type of hepatitis. We review the role of herpesviruses as causative agent of SAH in children and other possible mechanisms involved in this disease. EXPERT OPINION: Differential diagnosis for herpesvirus in SAH should be implemented in all settings. Alternative fluids, such as saliva and dried blood, could be used in the diagnosis to overwhelm the availability of biological specimens at sufficient volume. In the future, genetic studies could also be added to increase the knowledge about severe acute hepatitis in children.
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Hepatite , Herpesviridae , Viroses , Criança , Humanos , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Doença AgudaRESUMO
Herpesvirus is associated with various neurological disorders and a specific diagnosis is associated with a better prognosis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of neurological diseases triggered by herpetic infection. In this review, we discuss miRNAs that have been associated with neurological disorders related to the action of herpesviruses. Human miRNAs and herpesvirus-encoded miRNAs were listed and discussed. This review article will be valuable in stimulating the search for new diagnostic and prognosis alternatives and understanding the role of these miRNAs in neurological diseases triggered by herpesviruses.
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Infecções por Herpesviridae , Herpesviridae , MicroRNAs , Humanos , MicroRNAs/genética , RNA Viral , Infecções por Herpesviridae/complicações , Infecções por Herpesviridae/genética , Herpesviridae/genética , Interações Hospedeiro-PatógenoRESUMO
Immunoglobulin Y (IgY) could be used in serological diagnosis focused on several infectious agents. This study aims to produce IgY anti-hepatitis B virus surface antigen (anti-HBs) and to assess its use in enzyme immunoassays. Antibodies were produced by immunizing chickens with Hepatitis B vaccine associated (group A), or not, with adjuvant CpG-ODN (group B). Eggs were collected for 20 weeks, yolks were purified based on using polyethylene glycol and affinity chromatography. IgY anti-HBs was featured based on SDS-PAGE and Western Blot techniques. Total protein concentration was measured through spectrophotometry. In-house ELISA used to detect HBsAg was developed based on using IgG/HRP conjugate and IgY-anti-HBs sensitized microplates. Thus, IgY anti-HBs were confirmed through molecular pattern based on SDS-PAGE, whereas specificity of anti-HBs was confirmed through Western Blot. Mean total protein reached 3.27 ± 3.00 mg/mL and 3.11 ± 3.12 mg/mL in groups A and B, respectively. In-house ELISA was developed based on using a panel of HBV positive and negative serum samples; it recorded 100 % sensitivity and 78.9 % specificity to detect HBsAg. In conclusion, it was possible producing anti-HBs IgY by immunizing chickens with HBV vaccine; this molecule could be used as capture antibody to help detecting HBsAg in-house ELISA.
Assuntos
Antígenos de Superfície da Hepatite B , Hepatite B , Animais , Galinhas , Vacinas contra Hepatite B , Hepatite B/diagnóstico , Antígenos E da Hepatite B , Anticorpos Anti-Hepatite BRESUMO
Human herpesviruses (HHVs) can establish latency and be reactivated, also are neurotropic viruses that can trigger neurological disorders. HHV-6 is a herpesvirus that is associated with neurological disorders. Studies have reported the detection of HHV-6 in patients with COVID-19 and neurological manifestations. However, specific diagnoses of the neurological disorders caused by these viruses tend to be invasive or difficult to interpret. This study aimed to establish a relationship between miRNA and neurological manifestations in patients co-infected with COVID-19 and HHV-6 and evaluate miRNAs as potential biomarkers. Serum samples from COVID-19 patients in the three cohorts were analyzed. miRNA analysis by real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) revealed miRNAs associated with neuroinflammation were highly expressed in patients with neurological disorders and HHV-6 detection. When compared with the group of patients without detection of HHVs DNA and without neurological alterations, the group with detection of HHV-6 DNA and neurological alteration, displayed significant differences in the expression of mir-21, mir-146a, miR-155 and miR-let-7b (p < 0.01). Our results reinforce the involvement of miRNAs in neurological disorders and provide insights into their use as biomarkers for neurological disorders triggered by HHV-6. Furthermore, understanding the expression of miRNAs may contribute to therapeutic strategies.
Assuntos
COVID-19 , Herpesviridae , Herpesvirus Humano 6 , MicroRNAs , Humanos , Herpesvirus Humano 6/genética , MicroRNAs/genética , SARS-CoV-2/genética , COVID-19/complicações , Herpesviridae/genética , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real , Biomarcadores , DNA Viral/genéticaRESUMO
The aim of this study was to classify the diversity of anal HPV and non-HPV sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and compare the concordance between anal and genital infections in HIV-infected and uninfected women living in the Tapajós region, Amazon, Brazil. A cross-sectional study was performed with 112 HIV-uninfected and 41 HIV-infected nonindigenous women. Anal and cervical scrapings were collected and analyzed for HPV, Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Neisseria gonorrheae (NG), Trichomonas vaginalis (TV), Mycoplasma genitalium (MG), and Human alphaherpesvirus 2 (HSV-2). The Kappa test evaluated the concordance between anal and genital infections. The overall prevalence of anal HPV infection was 31.3% in HIV-uninfected and 97.6% in HIV-infected women. The most frequent anal high-risk HPV (hrHPV) types were HPV18 and HPV16 in HIV-uninfected women and HPV51, HPV59, HPV31, and HPV58 in HIV-infected women. Anal HPV75 Betapapillomavirus was also identified. Anal non-HPV STIs were identified in 13.0% of all participants. The concordance analysis was fair for CT, MG, and HSV-2, almost perfect agreement for NG, moderate for HPV, and variable for the most frequent anal hrHPV types. Thus, a high prevalence of anal HPV infection with moderate and fair concordance between anal and genital HPV and non-HPV STIs was observed in our study.
Assuntos
Infecções por Chlamydia , Infecções por HIV , Infecções por Papillomavirus , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis , Humanos , Feminino , Infecções por Papillomavirus/complicações , Infecções por Papillomavirus/epidemiologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/complicações , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/epidemiologia , Chlamydia trachomatis , Colo do Útero , Neisseria gonorrhoeae , Infecções por HIV/complicações , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Infecções por Chlamydia/complicações , Infecções por Chlamydia/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) circulation in humans and swine has been extensively studied in South America over the last two decades. Nevertheless, only 2.1% of reported HEV strains are available as complete genome sequences. Therefore, many clinical, epidemiological, and evolutionary aspects of circulating HEV in the continent still need to be clarified. Here, we conducted a retrospective evolutionary analysis of one human case and six swine HEV strains previously reported in northeastern, southern, and southeastern Brazil. We obtained two complete and four nearly complete genomic sequences. Evolutionary analysis comparing the whole genomic and capsid gene sequences revealed high genetic variability. This included the circulation of at least one unrecognized unique South American subtype. Our results corroborate that sequencing the whole capsid gene could be used as an alternative for HEV subtype assignment in the absence of complete genomic sequences. Moreover, our results substantiate the evidence for zoonotic transmission by comparing a larger genomic fragment recovered from the sample of the autochthonous human hepatitis E case. Further studies should continuously investigate HEV genetic diversity and zoonotic transmission of HEV in South America.