RESUMO
Infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN) is a widespread and economically devastating fish disease caused by infection with a virus referred to as IPN virus (IPNv). In Chile, the disease is endemic and prevalent in both fresh- and salt-water farms affecting cultured salmonids, mainly Atlantic salmon. Here, we present the results of a retrospective cohort study of Atlantic salmon farms stocked between 2010 and 2013, aimed at quantifying the extent to which certain epidemiological factors influence the time interval between stocking and onset of IPN mortality (time to mortality, ttm) in marine farms. Six variables were retained in a final multivariable Cox proportional hazard model. Compared to the 2010 stocking year, ttm was shorter for salmon stocked in years 2012 (HRâ¯=â¯2.1; pâ¯=â¯0.005) and 2013 (HRâ¯=â¯4.3; pâ¯=â¯0.01). The number of salmon farms within a 10-km radius (HRâ¯=â¯1.07; pâ¯=â¯0.002), positive report of IPN in the previous production cycle (HRâ¯=â¯1.95; pâ¯=â¯0.006), three or more smolt batches (HRâ¯=â¯2.27; pâ¯<â¯0.001), and positive report of mortality attributable to BKD (HRâ¯=â¯2.02; pâ¯<â¯0.001) were also associated with low ttm; conversely, ttm was longer for farms that stocked heavier fish (HRâ¯=â¯0.94; pâ¯=â¯0.001). The results presented here were consistent with early studies of IPN epidemiology in Norway and Scotland. Some of the risk factors identified in this study also influenced the risk for other diseases, such as infectious salmon anemia, suggesting that implementation of selected management practices may help to mitigate the burden of important infectious diseases of salmon in Chile.
Assuntos
Infecções por Birnaviridae/veterinária , Vírus da Necrose Pancreática Infecciosa , Salmo salar , Animais , Infecções por Birnaviridae/epidemiologia , Infecções por Birnaviridae/virologia , Chile/epidemiologia , Estudos de Coortes , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
This paper summarizes the gaps and challenges related to animal production, health, and food safety as discussed by a panel at the 1st International Symposium of Food Safety (ISFS) in Santiago, Chile, in December 2016. Participating representatives of academia, industry, and government and statements from the audience confirmed that food safety is essential for increasing food security. First, panelists identified the need for a science-based regulatory framework to implement effective regulations. Second, they highlighted the importance of a risk analysis framework to quantify the risk of the potential for antimicrobial resistance associated with the use of antimicrobials, and the need of studies to evaluate foodborne prevention/control strategies. Third, the challenges of filling the gaps between industry and academia were addressed, including examples of successful collaboration, opportunities, and weakness identified by industry. Finally, challenges in animal food production included issues related to changing consumer preferences, animal welfare, the use of antimicrobials, and sustainable animal production. The symposium provided a regional platform to share experiences from the implementation of methods and approaches for food safety. The roundtable successfully explored the future science and technology challenges that are of strategic importance for Chile and the region in animal health and food safety.