RESUMO
This paper aimed to apply filamentous fungi (Penicillium oxalicum and Cunninghamella echinulata), the microalga Tetradesmus obliquus and their co-culture in advanced treatment (tertiary treatment) of cheese whey. The bioremediation process was carried out in agitated flasks and bubble column bioreactors with different concentrations of chemical oxygen demand (COD) (223-1663 mg L-1), total nitrogen (TN) (13-61 mg L-1), and total phosphorus (TP) (3-26 mg L-1). The results obtained in shaken flasks showed a superiority of the consortium compared to the systems with separated species. In this sense, the treatment was carried out in a bubble column reactor, and the consortium formed by the microalga and the fungus C. echinulata showed a greater efficiency (at a light intensity of 100 µmol m-2 s-1), promoting by the symbiosis to reach removal efficiencies of up to 93.7, 78.8 and 93.4% for COD, TN and TP, respectively; meeting Brazilian and European standards for discharge into water bodies. In addition, no pH adjustment was required during the co-culture treatment, demonstrating the buffering effect of using these two types of microorganisms. Therefore, the use of the consortium formed by T. obliquus and C. echinulata as a remediator was highly promising to promote the advanced treatment of cheese whey.
Dairy wastewater needs a polishing treatment stage after secondary treatmentThe microalga-fungus consortium met legislation requirementsCOD, nitrogen and phosphorus were efficiently removed by the consortiumNo pH control was applied during the biological treatment by the consortium.
RESUMO
Environmental surface surveillance is a valuable tool for detecting and controlling infectious diseases. During the COVID-19 pandemic, concerns have been raised regarding the potential for indirect transmission of SARS-CoV-2 via contaminated surfaces. However, few studies have evaluated environmental contamination in non-clinical settings during outbreaks. We conducted a study in a school community during a major outbreak, collecting 35 surface samples from high-traffic areas and testing them for SARS-CoV-2 RNA using RT-qPCR. Our results showed that 31.4% of samples were positive, including high-touch surfaces such as drinking fountains and washbasins. These findings emphasize the importance of environmental monitoring to identify and address specific areas for attention, and implementing such strategies can help prevent the indirect transmission of COVID-19 in various settings.
Assuntos
COVID-19 , Humanos , COVID-19/epidemiologia , SARS-CoV-2 , Pandemias/prevenção & controle , RNA Viral/genética , Surtos de Doenças , Monitoramento AmbientalRESUMO
Abstract This study aimed to identify sociodemographic and behavioral factors associated with the psychological well-being of university students at two distinct moments during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. It is an observational study with a cross-sectional design and convenience sampling, involving 2,808 university students who responded to a virtual form. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics (Pearson's chi-square test, multiple binomial logistic regression with a significance level of 5%), after conducting normality tests. The results suggest negative impacts of the pandemic on the mental health of university students. A history of previous psychiatric alterations, having children, and having experienced financial difficulties were among the factors that contributed to the maintenance of some dimensions of psychological well-being.
Resumo Este estudo procurou identificar fatores sociodemográficos e comportamentais associados ao bem-estar psicológico de universitários em dois momentos distintos, durante o primeiro ano da pandemia de COVID-19. Trata-se de um estudo observacional, com desenho transversal e amostragem por conveniência, com 2.808 estudantes universitários que responderam a um formulário virtual. Os dados foram analisados por meio de estatísticas descritivas e inferenciais (teste Qui-Quadrado de Pearson, regressão logística binomial múltipla com nível de significância de 5%), após realização de testes de normalidade. Os resultados sugerem impactos negativos da pandemia na saúde mental dos universitários. Histórico de alterações psiquiátricas prévias, ter filhos e ter passado por dificuldades financeiras foram alguns dos fatores que contribuíram para a manutenção de algumas dimensões do bem-estar psicológico.
RESUMO
Objective This study aims to identify associations between sociodemographic characteristics and mental health, behaviors, and perceptions among men in a Brazilian university community during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method A total of 862 subjects participated, responding to an online questionnaire with sociodemographic questions, the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale, and the Psychological Well-Being scale. Results The results indicate that sociodemographic characteristics are associated with the mental health, behaviors, and perceptions of the participants. Variables such as age, race, occupation, marital status, and living arrangements during the period of social distancing relate in different ways to levels of anxiety, stress, and depression, as well as psychological well-being, in addition to behaviors and perceptions during the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusion The results highlight the need to consider the specificities of the male population facing the COVID-19 pandemic and emphasize the importance of investing in health actions that consider the influence of the process of social construction of masculinities.
Objetivo Esse estudo tem por objetivo identificar associações de características sociodemográficas com a saúde mental, comportamentos e percepções entre homens de uma comunidade universitária brasileira durante a pandemia de COVID-19. Método Participaram 862 sujeitos, os quais responderam a um formulário online com questões sociodemográficas e às escalas de Depressão Ansiedade e Estresse e a Escala de Bem-Estar Psicológico. Resultados Os resultados apontam que características sociodemográficas mostram-se associadas à saúde mental, comportamentos e percepções dos participantes. Variáveis como faixa etária, raça/cor, ocupação, estado civil e moradia, durante o período de distanciamento, estão relacionadas de maneiras diferentes a níveis de ansiedade, estresse e depressão, bem como, de bem-estar psicológico, além dos comportamentos e percepções durante a pandemia de COVID-19. Conclusão Os resultados apontam para a necessidade de se considerar as singularidades da população masculina diante da pandemia de COVID-19 e ressaltam a importância do investimento em ações em saúde que considerem a influência do processo de construção social das masculinidades.
Assuntos
Saúde Mental , Saúde do Homem , Masculinidade , COVID-19 , Minorias Étnicas e RaciaisRESUMO
This cross-sectional study aimed to analyze the association of religiosity with behaviors and perceptions in the context of social distancing measures during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as mental health outcomes, in a university community in Central-West Brazil. A sample of 1,796 subjects responded to an online form with socio-demographic questions and the DASS-21 and PWBS scales. Religion was associated with the frequency of interactions, perceptions of the duration of the social distancing measures, changes in emotional state and history of psychological illness. The prevalence of symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress was lower among people with religion and their scores in psychological well-being were higher. (AU)
Trata-se de um estudo transversal com o objetivo de analisar a associação entre religiosidade e comportamentos e percepções frente ao distanciamento social decorrente da pandemia de Covid-19 e estado de saúde mental em uma comunidade universitária do Centro-Oeste brasileiro. Participaram do estudo 1796 sujeitos, os quais responderam a um formulário online com questões sociodemográficas e às escalas DASS-21 e EBEP. Observou-se associação entre religião e frequência de interações, percepção sobre a duração do distanciamento social e mudanças no estado emocional e histórico de alterações psicológicas. Constatou-se menor prevalência de sintomas relacionados à depressão, à ansiedade e ao estresse e maiores escores de bem-estar psicológico entre aqueles com religião. (AU)
Se trata de un estudio transversal con el objetivo de analizar la asociación entre religiosidad, comportamientos y percepciones frente al distanciamiento social resultante de la pandemia Covid-19 y el estado de salud mental en una comunidad universitaria de la región Centro-Oeste de Brasil. Participaron en el estudio 1796 sujetos, que respondieron un formulario en línea con preguntas sociodemográficas y las escalas DASS-21 y EBEP. Se observó asociación entre religión y frecuencia de interacciones, la percepción de la duración del aislamiento social y los cambios en el estado emocional y el historial de cambios psicológicos. Se observó una menor prevalencia de síntomas relacionados con la depresión, la ansiedad y el estrés, y puntuaciones más altas de bienestar psicológico entre quienes profesaban una religión. (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Adulto Jovem , Religião , Saúde Mental , Distanciamento Físico , COVID-19 , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Estudos Transversais , Inquéritos e Questionários , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Estatística como Assunto , Análise de Variância , Análise Fatorial , Docentes , Fatores Sociodemográficos , Bem-Estar PsicológicoRESUMO
Nasal dilators were created to expand the nasal valve area. The aim of this systematic review was to verify physiological parameters associated to running performance with the use of nasal dilators. This study was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021225795). According to the PICOS framework studies were included: Population: healthy subjects; Intervention: nasal dilators; Comparison: control group, placebo, minimal intervention, health education or other intervention; Outcomes: cardiorespiratory parameters and subjective perceptions; Study: randomized controlled trials, repeated measures or within-subjects design. The databases searched were MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL The Cochrane Library, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, PEDro and Scopus. The descriptors "Running", "Nasal Dilator", "Randomized Controlled Trial", and synonyms were used. The risk of bias was assessed using the PEDro scale. Random effects Der Simonian and Laird model were used. The assessment of the certainty of the evidence was carried out using the GRADE approach. Eleven articles were included. There was a difference in favour of the nasal dilator when compared to placebo for maximal oxygen uptake and rating of perceived exertion. The certainty of the evidence was very low. Future studies will probably have an impact on estimation of the effect.
Assuntos
Desempenho Atlético , Dilatação , Nariz , Corrida , Humanos , Dilatação/instrumentação , Corrida/fisiologia , Desempenho Atlético/fisiologiaRESUMO
Despite the growing engagement in electronic games globally and the need to measure behavior in this context, there are few instruments for this purpose. The present study aimed to develop and validate the Game Behavior Scale-Electronic (GBS-E) in Brazil. In Study 1 (N=409), exploratory factor analysis supported the adequacy of a two-factor solution (individual and collective behavior). In Study 2 (N=373), we used confirmatory factor analysis, item response theory (to evaluate the discrimination and difficulty levels), and graphical factor analysis to test the above version of the scale and propose a short form of the GBS-E. The results suggest that both forms (full form, 31 items and short form, 10 items) of the GBS-E demonstrate psychometric evidence (factorial validity and internal consistency) for the adequacy of the measure to evaluate individual and collective behavior in electronic games. (AU)
Apesar do avanço da prática do esporte eletrônico a nível global e da necessidade de mensurar comportamentos neste contexto, são escassos na literatura instrumentos para este fim. Assim, o presente estudo objetivou elaborar e validar a Escala de Comportamento em Jogo - Eletrônico (ECJ-E) em uma amostra brasileira. No Estudo 1 (N=409) uma análise fatorial exploratória suportou a adequação de uma solução bifatorial (comportamento individual e coletivo). No Estudo 2 (N=373), utilizou-se de análise fatorial confirmatoria, da Teoria de Resposta ao Item (para avaliar os níveis de discriminação e dificuldade) e da análise fatorial gráfica para testar a versão do estudo anterior e propor uma forma curta da ECJ-E. Os resultados sugerem que tanto a forma completa (31 itens) quanto a curta (10 itens) da ECJ-E fornecem evidências psicométricas (validade fatorial e consistência interna) de adequação da medida para avaliar o comportamento individual e coletivo em jogo - eletrônico. (AU)
A pesar del avance de los deportes electrónicos a nivel mundial y la necesidad de medir comportamientos en este contexto, los instrumentos para tal fin son escasos en la literatura. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo desarrollar y validar la Escala de Comportamiento en el Juego - Electrónico (ECJ-E) en una muestra brasileña. En el Estudio 1 (N=409), un análisis factorial exploratorio apoyó la idoneidad de una solución de dos factores (comportamiento individual y colectivo). En el Estudio 2 (N=373), utilizamos el análisis factorial confirmatorio, la Teoría de la Respuesta al Ítem (para evaluar los niveles de discriminación y dificultad) y el análisis factorial gráfico para probar la versión del estudio anterior y proponer un formulario breve. Los resultados sugieren que el formulario completo (31 ítems) y el breve (10 ítems) del ECJ-E aportan evidencias psicométricas (validez factorial y consistencia interna) de la adecuación de la medida para evaluar el comportamiento individual y colectivo en los juegos electrónicos. (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Adulto Jovem , Comportamento , Jogos de Vídeo/psicologia , Psicometria , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Análise Fatorial , Redes Sociais Online , Fatores SociodemográficosRESUMO
Recently, the pandemic context in which the world finds itself has inspired studies that sought to evaluate to mental health and the way people are relating to the purpose of understanding and promoting improvements psychological health. The epidemiological and public health literature shows that social connection protects and promotes mental health, being an important clinical tool for reducing anxiety, depression, and stress. Thinking in the broad sense of connection, that is, feeling and perceiving oneself connected with the environment, applied to the context of sport, it is suggested that social connection could be related to the interactions in the practice of sport. Although playing sports can promote mental health, there are few findings on the topic in the context of a pandemic and with physical sports and electronic sports (e-sports) players. In this sense, the present study aims to assess the extent to which social connection and mental health indicators are correlated in a sample of sports and e-sports players. The participants were 401 Brazilian physical sports (N = 199, 49.6%) and e-sports players (N = 202, 50.4%), mostly male (53.1%) and single (59.9%), who filled in the Social Connectedness Scale (SCS), the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS), and demographic questions. The results indicated that social connection was negatively correlated and also predict the anxiety (r = -0.37), depression (r = -0.54), and stress (r = -0.39). When comparing sports and e-sports players, a statistically significant difference was identified in the levels of social connection [t(398) = -3.41; sportsmean (SD) = 4.53 (1.14); e-sportsmean (SD) = 4.14 (1.15)] and depression [t(396) = 2.90; sportsmean (SD) = 1.10 (0.89); e-sportsmean (SD) = 0.85 (0.81)]. These findings can serve as a theoretical basis for the development of intervention programs (e.g., to guide managers regarding the social distancing rules that enable them to keep holding sports practices and events) and promoting discussions that focus on the analysis of aspects promoting psychological health in sports context (physical and e-sports).
RESUMO
Na conjuntura atual, a COVID- 19 representa uma séria ameaça ao bem-estar físico e psicológico da comunidade global. Por se tratar de um vírus com elevado potencial de transmissão, as orientações da Organização Mundial de Saúde para reduzir sua proliferação envolvem medidas sanitárias e ações de isolamento social. Dentre os aspectos de cunho psicológico que podem afetar as decisões de conformidade com as ações de isolamento social, pode-se consi-derar a crença em teorias da conspiração. Considerando a influência que tais teorias exercem sobre o comportamento das pessoas, o presente artigo teórico teve como objetivo delinear o panorama vigente sobre o estudo das crenças em teorias da conspiração no contexto da pandemia da COVID-19, bem como discutir o impacto que as mesmas exercem sobre a saúde e a conduta dos indivíduos. Em suma, este trabalho fornece subsídios para a ampliação dessa discussão a nível teórico e para o desenvolvimento de estudos empíricos consi-derando a realidade brasileira.
In the actual scenario, COVID-19 represents a serious threat to the physical and psychological well-being of the global population. The new coronavirus (SARS-COV-2) is highly contagious and easily transmitted; in this sense, the guidelines provided by the World Health Organization (WHO) to reduce this contamination involve sanitary actions and measures such as social isolation. Amongst the psychological aspects that might affect decisions on whether to follow such measures, we can highlight conspiracy theories beliefs. Considering the influence that such theories have on people's behaviors, the current theo-retical paper aims to provide an overview of studies on beliefs in conspiracy theories in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as to discuss the impact that they have over people's health and behavior. In summary, this paper provides resources to amplify this discussion on a theoretical level and to develop empirical studies considering the Brazilian reality.
En la coyuntura actual, la COVID-19 representa una seria amenaza para el bienestar físico y psicológico de la comunidad global. El nuevo coronavirus (SARS-COV-2) tiene un alto potencial de transmisión, en este sentido, los lineamientos de la Organización Mundial de la Salud para reducir su prolife-ración involucran medidas sanitarias y acciones de aislamiento social. Entre los aspectos psicológicos que pueden afectar las decisiones para cumplir con las acciones de aislamiento social, se puede considerar la creencia en teorías de la conspiración. Considerando la influencia que tales teorías tienen en el comportamiento de las personas, este artículo teórico tuvo como objetivo esbozar el panorama imperante en el estudio de las creencias en las teorías conspirativas en el contexto de la pandemia de COVID-19, así como el impacto que tienen en la salud y la conducta de las personas. En definitiva, el trabajo brinda apoyo para ampliar las discusiones a nivel teórico y para el desarrollo de estudios empíricos considerando la realidad brasileña.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Atitude Frente a Saúde , COVID-19 , Comportamentos Relacionados com a Saúde , Cultura , Impacto PsicossocialRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Although drugs currently available for the treatment of anxiety and depression act through modulation of the neurotransmission systems involved in the neurobiology of the disorder, yet they often present side effects, which can impair patient adherence to treatment. METHODS: This has driven the search for new molecules with anxiolytic and antidepressant potential. Aromatic plants are rich in essential oils, and their chemical constituents, such as monoterpenes, are being studied for these disorders. This study aims to evaluate the anxiolytic and antidepressant-like potential of the monoterpene tetrahydrolinalool in in vivo animal models and review pharmacological targets with validation through molecular docking. Male Swiss mice (Mus musculus) were treated with THL (37.5-600 mg kg-1 p.o.) and submitted to the elevated plus maze, open field, rotarod, and forced swim tests. In the elevated plus-maze, THL at doses of 37.5 and 75 mg kg-1 induced a significant increase in the percentage of entries (72.7 and 64.3% respectively), and lengths of stay (80.3 and 76.8% respectively) in the open arms tests. RESULTS: These doses did not compromise locomotor activity or motor coordination in the animals. In the open field, rotarod tests, and the forced swimming model, treatment with THL significantly reduced immobility times at doses of 150, 300, and 600 mg kg-1, and by respective percentages of 69.3, 60.9 and 68.7%. CONCLUSION: In molecular docking assay, which investigated potential targets, THL presented satisfactory energy values for: nNOs, SGC, IL-6, 5-HT1A, NMDAr, and D1. These demonstrate the potential of THL (a derivative of natural origin) in in vivo and in silico models, making it a drug candidate.