RESUMO

The objective was to evaluate the effect of different irrigation systems and harvest frequencies on the cultivation of cactus pear. The study was conducted in the semi-arid region, in the municipality of Russas, CE, Brazil. The experiment was a split plot randomized block design, with four replications. Plots were represented by irrigation systems (surface drip, microsprinkler, Micro Spray Jet, and conventional sprinkler) and subplots by harvest frequencies (6, 9, 12, and 18 months). Cactus pear biomass production characteristics were evaluated. Most of the productive characteristics evaluated were influenced by harvest frequency and irrigation system. The harvest frequency of 12 months combined with conventional sprinkler system resulted in a total dry biomass production of 16,400 kg ha−1. The conventional sprinkler system showed the highest number of second-order cladodes (4.9 cladodes plant−1). The conventional sprinkler and Micro Spray Jet systems showed the highest values for various structural characteristics. For water use efficiency (WUE), the highest value was found at the frequency of six months (8.46 kg ha−1 mm−1). Regarding the effects of irrigation system on WUE, the highest values were observed with the conventional sprinkler system (8.20 kg ha−1 mm−1). The harvest frequency of 12 months combined with the conventional sprinkler system presents better results in the evaluated productive characteristics, mainly the cactus pear production by area.(AU)

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RESUMO

We investigated the effect of Alpinia zerumbet essential oil on the quality and shelf life of tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) fillets stored under refrigeration (10.0 ± 0.5 °C) for 14 days. The treatments were A. zerumbet essential oil at 0.75% v v-1 (AEO 0.75%), A. zerumbet essential oil at 1.5% v v-1 (AEO 1.5%) and a control (no essential oil). The sample quality and shelf life were determined by the total psychrotrophic count (TPC) and chemical parameters (pH, total volatile basic nitrogen, centesimal composition and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances - TBARS) at zero, seven and 14 days of storage time. The TPC decreased significantly (p < 0.05) with an A. zerumbetessential oil level of 1.5% until seven days of storage. The concentration of A. zerumbet essential oil at 0.75% resulted in lower pH, TBARS, and TVBN values in comparison with the other treatment and the control. Thus, A. zerumbet essential oil was efficient in extending the shelf life of refrigerated tambaqui fillets up to approximately seven days.(AU)

Investigamos o efeito do óleo essencial de Alpinia zerumbet sobre a qualidade e vida útil de filés de tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) armazenados sob refrigeração (10,0 ± 0,5 °C) durante 14 dias. Os tratamentos foram óleo essencial de A. zerumbet (OEA) a 0,75% v v-1 (OEA 0,75%) e 1,5% v v 1 (OEA 1,5%), além de um controle (sem OEA). A qualidade e vida útil das amostras foram determinadas por contagem psicrotrófica total (CPT) e parâmetros químicos (pH, bases nitrogenadas voláteis totais, composição centesimal e substâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico - SRATB), nos dias zero, sete e 14 de armazenamento. O TPC diminuiu significativamente (p < 0,05) com óleo essencial de A. zerumbet a 1,5% por até sete dias de armazenamento. O tratamento contendo OEA a 0,75% resultou em menores valores de pH, SRTAB e BNV-T em comparação ao outro tratamento e ao controle. Portanto, o óleo essencial de A. zerumbet foi eficiente para prolongar a vida útil do filé de tambaqui por aproximadamente sete dias.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

We investigated the effect of Alpinia zerumbet essential oil on the quality and shelf life of tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) fillets stored under refrigeration (10.0 ± 0.5 °C) for 14 days. The treatments were A. zerumbet essential oil at 0.75% v v-1 (AEO 0.75%), A. zerumbet essential oil at 1.5% v v-1 (AEO 1.5%) and a control (no essential oil). The sample quality and shelf life were determined by the total psychrotrophic count (TPC) and chemical parameters (pH, total volatile basic nitrogen, centesimal composition and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances - TBARS) at zero, seven and 14 days of storage time. The TPC decreased significantly (p < 0.05) with an A. zerumbetessential oil level of 1.5% until seven days of storage. The concentration of A. zerumbet essential oil at 0.75% resulted in lower pH, TBARS, and TVBN values in comparison with the other treatment and the control. Thus, A. zerumbet essential oil was efficient in extending the shelf life of refrigerated tambaqui fillets up to approximately seven days. (AU)

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RESUMO

The aim of this study was to evaluate the acaricidal activity of essential oils from three species of plants with intermediary concentrations of 1,8-cineole against the tick species Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. For this purpose, five serial concentrations (100.0, 50.0, 25.0, 12.5, 6.2 mg/mL) of essential oils from Mesosphaerum suaveolens (L.) Kuntze, Ocimum gratissimum L. and Alpinia zerumbet (Pers.) B. L. Burtt & R. M. Sm. were used on larval packet and adult immersion tests. The essential oils were analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID), being detected 35.8, 24.7 and 24.0% of 1.8-cineol in the oils of M. suaveolens, O. gratissimum and A. zerumbet, respectively. The lethal concentration (LC 50) of each oil for larvae and engorged females was calculated through Probit analysis. All essential oils showed high efficacy ( 95.0%) on engorged females at the 100.0 mg/mL concentration. In regards to larvae, O. gratissimum (LC 50 = 11.9 mg/mL) was the most potent, followed by the A. zerumbet (LC50 = 19.7 mg/mL) and the M. suaveolens (LC50 = 51.6 mg/mL) essential oils. These results show that other compounds interfere with 1,8-cineole action.(AU)

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a atividade acaricida de óleos essenciais de três espécies de plantas com concentrações intermediárias de 1,8-cineol contra o carrapato Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus . Dessa forma, cinco concentrações diferentes (100,0; 50,0; 25,0; 12,5; 6,2 mg/mL) de óleos essenciais de Mesosphaerum suaveolens (L.) Kuntze , Ocimum gratissimum L. e Alpinia zerumbet (Pers.) B. L. Burtt & R. M. Sm. foram avaliadas pelos testes de pacote de larvas e de imersão de adultos. Os óleos essenciais foram analisados pela cromatografia gasosa acoplada a espectometria de massa (GC/MS) e cromatografia gasosa acoplada a detector de ionização de chama (GC-FID), sendo detectados 35,8, 24,7 e 24,0% de 1,8-cineol nos óleos de M. suaveolens, O. gratissimum e A. zerumbet , respectivamente. A concentração letal (CL50) de cada óleo essencial para larvas e fêmeas ingurgitadas foi calculada por meio da análise de Probit. Todos os óleos essenciais na concentração de 100,0 mg/mL apresentaram elevada eficácia ( 95,0%) sobre fêmeas ingurgitadas. Com relação as larvas, o óleo essencial de O. gratissimum (CL50 = 11,9 mg/mL) foi o mais potente, seguido pelos óleos de A. zerumbet (LC50 = 19,7 mg/mL) e M. suaveolens (LC50 = 51,6 mg/mL). Estes resultados demonstram que outros compostos interferem na eficácia de 1,8-cineol.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the acaricidal activity of essential oils from three species of plants with intermediary concentrations of 1,8-cineole against the tick species Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. For this purpose, five serial concentrations (100.0, 50.0, 25.0, 12.5, 6.2 mg/mL) of essential oils from Mesosphaerum suaveolens (L.) Kuntze, Ocimum gratissimum L. and Alpinia zerumbet (Pers.) B. L. Burtt & R. M. Sm. were used on larval packet and adult immersion tests. The essential oils were analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID), being detected 35.8, 24.7 and 24.0% of 1.8-cineol in the oils of M. suaveolens, O. gratissimum and A. zerumbet, respectively. The lethal concentration (LC 50) of each oil for larvae and engorged females was calculated through Probit analysis. All essential oils showed high efficacy (≥ 95.0%) on engorged females at the 100.0 mg/mL concentration. In regards to larvae, O. gratissimum (LC 50 = 11.9 mg/mL) was the most potent, followed by the A. zerumbet (LC50 = 19.7 mg/mL) and the M. suaveolens (LC50 = 51.6 mg/mL) essential oils. These results show that other compounds interfere with 1,8-cineole action.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a atividade acaricida de óleos essenciais de três espécies de plantas com concentrações intermediárias de 1,8-cineol contra o carrapato Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus . Dessa forma, cinco concentrações diferentes (100,0; 50,0; 25,0; 12,5; 6,2 mg/mL) de óleos essenciais de Mesosphaerum suaveolens (L.) Kuntze , Ocimum gratissimum L. e Alpinia zerumbet (Pers.) B. L. Burtt & R. M. Sm. foram avaliadas pelos testes de pacote de larvas e de imersão de adultos. Os óleos essenciais foram analisados pela cromatografia gasosa acoplada a espectometria de massa (GC/MS) e cromatografia gasosa acoplada a detector de ionização de chama (GC-FID), sendo detectados 35,8, 24,7 e 24,0% de 1,8-cineol nos óleos de M. suaveolens, O. gratissimum e A. zerumbet , respectivamente. A concentração letal (CL50) de cada óleo essencial para larvas e fêmeas ingurgitadas foi calculada por meio da análise de Probit. Todos os óleos essenciais na concentração de 100,0 mg/mL apresentaram elevada eficácia (≥ 95,0%) sobre fêmeas ingurgitadas. Com relação as larvas, o óleo essencial de O. gratissimum (CL50 = 11,9 mg/mL) foi o mais potente, seguido pelos óleos de A. zerumbet (LC50 = 19,7 mg/mL) e M. suaveolens (LC50 = 51,6 mg/mL). Estes resultados demonstram que outros compostos interferem na eficácia de 1,8-cineol.

Assuntos

RESUMO

The aim of this study was to evaluate the acaricidal activity of essential oils from three species of plants with intermediary concentrations of 1,8-cineole against the tick species Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. For this purpose, five serial concentrations (100.0, 50.0, 25.0, 12.5, 6.2 mg/mL) of essential oils from Mesosphaerum suaveolens (L.) Kuntze, Ocimum gratissimum L. and Alpinia zerumbet (Pers.) B. L. Burtt & R. M. Sm. were used on larval packet and adult immersion tests. The essential oils were analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID), being detected 35.8, 24.7 and 24.0% of 1.8-cineol in the oils of M. suaveolens, O. gratissimum and A. zerumbet, respectively. The lethal concentration (LC 50) of each oil for larvae and engorged females was calculated through Probit analysis. All essential oils showed high efficacy (≥ 95.0%) on engorged females at the 100.0 mg/mL concentration. In regards to larvae, O. gratissimum (LC 50 = 11.9 mg/mL) was the most potent, followed by the A. zerumbet (LC50 = 19.7 mg/mL) and the M. suaveolens (LC50 = 51.6 mg/mL) essential oils. These results show that other compounds interfere with 1,8-cineole action.

Assuntos

RESUMO

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of substituting Tifton-85 grass hay with different quantities of xiquexique (Pilosocereus gounellei) (0, 12, 24, and 36%) on the nutrient intake and physiological responses of lactating dairy cows. Eight multiparous crossbred cows at approximately 100 days in milk, with an average milk yield of 15 kg of milk per day-1, and an average body weight (BW) of 465.20 ± 39.37 kg, were distributed in a 4 × 4 double Latin square design. Each experimental period lasted 16 days, consisting of 10 days for adaptation and 6 days for data collection, giving a total of 64 experimental days. The roughage: concentrate ratio was 60:40, on a dry matter (DM) basis. The DM intake, expressed in kg day-1, was affected quadratically by the levels of xiquexique in the diets. The intakes of DM, expressed in % BW and g kg-0.75, and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) in the three units analyzed (kg day-1, % BW, and g kg-0.75), as well as the intakes of organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), and total carbohydrates (TC), expressed in kg/day-1, decreased linearly with the levels of xiquexique in the diet. Milk yield (kg day-1) was reduced by the addition of xiquexique into the diet, but feed efficiency was not influenced. Water intake from feed (WIFeed), expressed in kg day-1 and % BW, incresed linearly with increasing levels of xiquexique in the total diet, while voluntary waterintake, expressed in kg day-1 and % BW (WIVoluntary), decreased linearly. The total water intake (WITotal) was not affected by experimental treatments. Participation of WIVoluntary in the WITotal linearly reduced with Xiquexique levels in the diet. The respiratory rate and surface temperature during both periods of the day (morning and afternoon), and rectal temperature during the morning were not influenced by the levels of xiquexique in the diet.[...](AU)

O presente estudo foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito de diferentes níveis de xiquexique (0, 12, 24 e 36%) em substituição ao feno de capim Tifton 85 sobre o consumo de nutrientes e respostas fisiológicas de vacas leiteiras em lactação. Foram utilizadas oito vacas mestiças pluríparas, com aproximadamente 100 dias em lactação, produção média de 15 kg de leite dia-1 e com peso corporal (PC) médio de 465,20 ± 39,37 kg. Os animais foram distribuídos em delineamento em quadrado latino 4x4, duplo. Cada período teve duração de 16 dias, sendo 10 dias de adaptação e 6 dias de coleta de dados, totalizando 64 dias experimentais. A relação volumoso:concentrado foi de 60:40, com base na matéria seca (MS). O consumo de MS, expresso em kg dia-1, foi influenciado de forma quadrática pelos níveis de xiquexique nas rações. O consumo de MS expresso em % PC e g kg-0,75 e fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) nas três unidades analisadas (kg dia-1, % PC e g kg-0,75), assim como, os consumos de matéria orgânica (MO), proteína bruta (PB), extrato etéreo (EE) e carboidratos totais (CT) expressos em kg dia-1, apresentaram comportamento linear decrescente com os níveis de xiquexique na ração. A produção de leite (kg dia-1) decresceu, mas a eficiência alimentar não foi influenciada pela introdução do xiquexique na ração. O consumo de água via alimento (CAAlimento) expresso em kg dia-1 e % PC aumentou linearmente com a elevação da participação do xiquexique na ração total, entretanto, o consumo voluntário de água (CAVoluntário) expresso em kg dia-1 e % PC diminui linearmente. O consumo de água total (CATotal) não foi influenciado pelos tratamentos experimentais. A participação do CAVoluntário no CATotal reduziu linearmente com os níveis de xiquexique na ração. A frequência respiratória e temperatura superficialnos dois turnos (manhã e tarde) e temperatura retal no turno da manhã não foram influenciadas pelos níveis de xiquexique nas rações experimentais.[...](AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of substituting Tifton-85 grass hay with different quantities of xiquexique (Pilosocereus gounellei) (0, 12, 24, and 36%) on the nutrient intake and physiological responses of lactating dairy cows. Eight multiparous crossbred cows at approximately 100 days in milk, with an average milk yield of 15 kg of milk per day-1, and an average body weight (BW) of 465.20 ± 39.37 kg, were distributed in a 4 × 4 double Latin square design. Each experimental period lasted 16 days, consisting of 10 days for adaptation and 6 days for data collection, giving a total of 64 experimental days. The roughage: concentrate ratio was 60:40, on a dry matter (DM) basis. The DM intake, expressed in kg day-1, was affected quadratically by the levels of xiquexique in the diets. The intakes of DM, expressed in % BW and g kg-0.75, and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) in the three units analyzed (kg day-1, % BW, and g kg-0.75), as well as the intakes of organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), and total carbohydrates (TC), expressed in kg/day-1, decreased linearly with the levels of xiquexique in the diet. Milk yield (kg day-1) was reduced by the addition of xiquexique into the diet, but feed efficiency was not influenced. Water intake from feed (WIFeed), expressed in kg day-1 and % BW, incresed linearly with increasing levels of xiquexique in the total diet, while voluntary waterintake, expressed in kg day-1 and % BW (WIVoluntary), decreased linearly. The total water intake (WITotal) was not affected by experimental treatments. Participation of WIVoluntary in the WITotal linearly reduced with Xiquexique levels in the diet. The respiratory rate and surface temperature during both periods of the day (morning and afternoon), and rectal temperature during the morning were not influenced by the levels of xiquexique in the diet.[...]

O presente estudo foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito de diferentes níveis de xiquexique (0, 12, 24 e 36%) em substituição ao feno de capim Tifton 85 sobre o consumo de nutrientes e respostas fisiológicas de vacas leiteiras em lactação. Foram utilizadas oito vacas mestiças pluríparas, com aproximadamente 100 dias em lactação, produção média de 15 kg de leite dia-1 e com peso corporal (PC) médio de 465,20 ± 39,37 kg. Os animais foram distribuídos em delineamento em quadrado latino 4x4, duplo. Cada período teve duração de 16 dias, sendo 10 dias de adaptação e 6 dias de coleta de dados, totalizando 64 dias experimentais. A relação volumoso:concentrado foi de 60:40, com base na matéria seca (MS). O consumo de MS, expresso em kg dia-1, foi influenciado de forma quadrática pelos níveis de xiquexique nas rações. O consumo de MS expresso em % PC e g kg-0,75 e fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) nas três unidades analisadas (kg dia-1, % PC e g kg-0,75), assim como, os consumos de matéria orgânica (MO), proteína bruta (PB), extrato etéreo (EE) e carboidratos totais (CT) expressos em kg dia-1, apresentaram comportamento linear decrescente com os níveis de xiquexique na ração. A produção de leite (kg dia-1) decresceu, mas a eficiência alimentar não foi influenciada pela introdução do xiquexique na ração. O consumo de água via alimento (CAAlimento) expresso em kg dia-1 e % PC aumentou linearmente com a elevação da participação do xiquexique na ração total, entretanto, o consumo voluntário de água (CAVoluntário) expresso em kg dia-1 e % PC diminui linearmente. O consumo de água total (CATotal) não foi influenciado pelos tratamentos experimentais. A participação do CAVoluntário no CATotal reduziu linearmente com os níveis de xiquexique na ração. A frequência respiratória e temperatura superficialnos dois turnos (manhã e tarde) e temperatura retal no turno da manhã não foram influenciadas pelos níveis de xiquexique nas rações experimentais.[...]

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RESUMO

Foram avaliados os efeitos de diferentes lâminas de irrigação e doses de nitrogênio sobre a composição química da Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu. O estudo foi conduzido na Embrapa Meio-Norte, localizada no município de Parnaíba, Piauí. Os tratamentos consistiram em duas lâminas de irrigação (reposição de 50% e 80% da Evaporação do Tanque Classe A - ECA) e quatro doses de nitrogênio (200, 400, 600 e 800 kg de N ha-1 ano-1), em um delineamento em blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 2 x 4, com três repetições. A lâmina de irrigação de 50% de evaporação do tanque classe A promove aumento nos teores de matéria seca e reduz os teores de fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) e de fibra em detergente ácido (FDA), porém não influencia o conteúdo de proteína bruta, ao mesmo tempo em que o nitrogênio confere aumento nos teores de proteína bruta e propicia diminuição nos teores de FDN e FDA das folhas, melhorando o valor nutritivo do capim-Marandu.(AU)

The effects of different irrigation and nitrogen (N) on the chemical composition of Brachiaria brizantha var. Marandu were evaluated. The study was conducted at Embrapa Mid-North, located in the city of Parnaíba, Piauí. The treatments consisted of two irrigation levels (replacement of 50% and 80% of Class A pan evaporation - ECA) and four levels of nitrogen (200, 400, 600 and 800 kg N ha-1 ano-1), in a block randomized in a 2 x 4 factorial design with three replications. The irrigation 50% of class A pan evaporation promotes an increase in dry matter and reduces the levels of neutral detergent insoluble fiber (NDF) and acid detergent insoluble fiber (ADF), however, does not influence the content of crude protein, while the nitrogen confers increased protein levels and provides gross decrease in NDF and ADF of leaves, improving the nutritional value of the Marandu grass.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Foram avaliados os efeitos de diferentes lâminas de irrigação e doses de nitrogênio sobre a composição química da Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu. O estudo foi conduzido na Embrapa Meio-Norte, localizada no município de Parnaíba, Piauí. Os tratamentos consistiram em duas lâminas de irrigação (reposição de 50% e 80% da Evaporação do Tanque Classe A - ECA) e quatro doses de nitrogênio (200, 400, 600 e 800 kg de N ha-1 ano-1), em um delineamento em blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 2 x 4, com três repetições. A lâmina de irrigação de 50% de evaporação do tanque classe A promove aumento nos teores de matéria seca e reduz os teores de fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) e de fibra em detergente ácido (FDA), porém não influencia o conteúdo de proteína bruta, ao mesmo tempo em que o nitrogênio confere aumento nos teores de proteína bruta e propicia diminuição nos teores de FDN e FDA das folhas, melhorando o valor nutritivo do capim-Marandu.

The effects of different irrigation and nitrogen (N) on the chemical composition of Brachiaria brizantha var. Marandu were evaluated. The study was conducted at Embrapa Mid-North, located in the city of Parnaíba, Piauí. The treatments consisted of two irrigation levels (replacement of 50% and 80% of Class A pan evaporation - ECA) and four levels of nitrogen (200, 400, 600 and 800 kg N ha-1 ano-1), in a block randomized in a 2 x 4 factorial design with three replications. The irrigation 50% of class A pan evaporation promotes an increase in dry matter and reduces the levels of neutral detergent insoluble fiber (NDF) and acid detergent insoluble fiber (ADF), however, does not influence the content of crude protein, while the nitrogen confers increased protein levels and provides gross decrease in NDF and ADF of leaves, improving the nutritional value of the Marandu grass.

Assuntos