RESUMO
The consumption of nuts and extra-virgin olive oil has been associated with suppression of inflammatory pathways that contribute to atherosclerosis, but its role on the modulation of the inflammatory profile in patients with established coronary artery disease (CAD) is unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of adding pecan nuts or extra-virgin olive oil to a healthy diet on inflammatory markers in patients with stable CAD. In this randomised clinical trial, 204 patients were enrolled to three study groups: sixty seven to control group (CG: healthy diet), sixty eight to pecan nuts group (PNG: 30 g/d of pecans + healthy diet) and sixty nine to extra-virgin olive oil group (OOG: 30 ml/d of extra-virgin olive oil + healthy diet). High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP, in mg/l), fibrinogen (mg/dl), IL 2, 4, 6, 10 (pg/ml) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ, in pg/ml), IL-6/IL-10, IL-2/IL-4 and IFN-/γIL-4 ratios were evaluated at baseline and after the follow-up (12 weeks). As main results, after adjustment for sex, statin used and relative body weight variation, there were no differences between groups regarding inflammatory markers at the end of the study. IL-6 levels (primary outcome) were reduced in 12 weeks when compared with baseline in all study groups (CG: difference: -0·593 (se = 0·159) pg/dL; PNG: difference: -0·335 (se = 0·143) pg/dl; OOG: IL-6 difference: -0·325 (se = 0·143) pg/dl). In conclusion, there was no significant effect of including pecan nuts or extra virgin olive oil to a healthy diet on inflammatory markers in individuals with CAD.
Assuntos
Carya , Doença da Artéria Coronariana , Biomarcadores , Proteína C-Reativa , Dieta Saudável , Humanos , Interleucina-6 , Nozes , Azeite de OlivaRESUMO
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The influence of cardioprotective foods on nontraditional indexes related to dysglycemia and body fat distribution is unknown in individuals with coronary artery disease (CAD). This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a healthy diet supplemented with pecan nuts or extra-virgin olive oil on glycemic profile and adipose tissue dysfunction assessed by anthropometric indexes in patients with stable CAD. SUBJECTS/METHODS: In a randomized, pragmatic, parallel clinical trial lasting 12 weeks, 204 individuals were allocated to three interventions: a healthy diet (control group [CG], n = 67), a healthy diet plus 30 g/day of pecan nuts (pecan nut group [PNG], n = 68), or a healthy diet plus 30 mL/day of extra-virgin olive oil (olive oil group [OOG], n = 69). Triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index (primary outcome) and other markers of glycemic profile were evaluated, and nontraditional anthropometric indexes as well. Diet quality was assessed according to the Alternate Healthy Eating Index (mAHEI). RESULTS: After adjustment for baseline values, use of antidiabetic drugs and insulin, there were no differences in both glycemic and anthropometric profiles according to groups at the end of the study. PNG improved the quality of the diet in comparison to other groups (final mAHEI scores: CG: 19 ± 7.5; PNG: 26 ± 8; OOG: 18.9 ± 6; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: There was no difference regarding glycemic and anthropometric parameters according to interventions in patients with stable CAD. However, adding pecan nuts to a healthy diet may improve its quality. Further studies must be conducted considering dietary interventions on secondary cardiovascular prevention setting. CLINICAL TRIALS IDENTIFIER NUMBER: NCT02202265. First Posted: July 2014; Last Update: September 2020.
Assuntos
Doenças Cardiovasculares , Carya , Doença da Artéria Coronariana , Dieta Mediterrânea , Glicemia , Doenças Cardiovasculares/prevenção & controle , Humanos , Nozes , Azeite de OlivaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Several species of Salvia are used as medicinal plants around the world. Biological activities of isolated compounds have been described, being diterpenes frequently responsible for the effects. PURPOSE: Isolation of diterpenes from Salvia uliginosa Benth. and evaluation of the antichemotactic and leishmanicidal activities of the isolated compounds. STUDY DESIGN: To isolate diterpenes from S. uliginosa and evaluate their antichemotactic and leishmanicidal activities in vitro. METHODS: The exudate of S. uliginosa was obtained by rapidly dipping the aerial parts in dichloromethane. The compounds were isolated by repeated column chromatography over silica gel. The effects on L. amazonensis growth, survival, DNA degradation, ROS generation, as well as the antichemotactic activity and cytotoxicity of the compounds towards human erythrocytes and macrophages were evaluated. RESULTS: A novel icetexane diterpene, isoicetexone (IsoICT) along with the known diterpenes icetexone (ICT), and 7-acetoxy-6,7-dihydroicetexone were isolated from the dichloromethane surface exudate of S. uliginosa. The structures were elucidated using NMR and MS experiments, and by comparison with previously reported data. IsoICT and ICT at low concentrations caused completely inhibition of neutrophils migration in vitro. In addition, IsoICT and ICT showed high leishmanicidal activity against L. amazonensis, induced ROS production in parasites and presented low cytotoxicity against macrophages and human erythrocytes, and moderate to high selectivity index. CONCLUSION: These data indicated that IsoICT and ICT exhibit potent antichemotactic and leishmanicidal effects. Further studies are needed in order to evaluate the in vivo activities as well as the toxicity of the compounds.
Assuntos
Antiprotozoários/química , Quimiotaxia/efeitos dos fármacos , Diterpenos/química , Salvia/química , Antiprotozoários/farmacologia , Células Cultivadas , Diterpenos/farmacologia , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos/métodos , Eritrócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Leishmania/efeitos dos fármacos , Macrófagos/efeitos dos fármacos , Estrutura Molecular , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Plantas Medicinais/química , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Cell homing is the mechanism by which an injury releases signaling molecules that cause recruitment, proliferation, migration and differentiation of progenitor cells. Stromal derived factor-1 (SDF-1) and its receptor CXCR4 are key molecules involved in homing and little is known about their activation in cardiopathies. Here, we assessed the homing activation status of bone marrow cells (BMC) concerning the SDF-1 and CXCR4 expression in ischemic (IHD) and valvular (VHD) heart diseases. METHODS: The SDF-1 and inflammatory profile were analyzed by ELISA from plasma obtained bone marrow of ischemic heart patients (IHD, n = 41), valvular heart patients (VHD, n = 30) and healthy controls (C, n = 9). Flow cytometry was used to evaluate CXCR4 (CD184) expression on the surface of bone marrow cells, and the CXCR4 expression was estimated by real-time quantitative PCR. RESULTS: The SDF-1 levels in the groups IHD, VHD and control were, respectively, 230, 530 and 620 pg/mL (P = 0.483), and was decreased in VHD patients using beta-blockers (263 pg/mL) when compared with other (844 pg/mL) (P = 0.023). Compared with IHD, the VHD group showed higher CXCR4 (P = 0.071) and CXCR7 (P = 0.082) mRNA expression although no difference in the level of CXCR4+ bone marrow cells was found between groups (P = 0.360). CONCLUSION: In conclusion, pathophysiological differences between IHD and VHD can affect the molecules involved in the activation of homing. In addition, the use of beta-blockers appears to interfere in this mechanism, a fact that should be considered in protocols that use BMC.
Assuntos
Antagonistas Adrenérgicos beta/uso terapêutico , Células da Medula Óssea/citologia , Doenças das Valvas Cardíacas/terapia , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais/citologia , Isquemia Miocárdica/terapia , Adulto , Idoso , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Células da Medula Óssea/metabolismo , Quimiocina CXCL12/metabolismo , Feminino , Doenças das Valvas Cardíacas/genética , Doenças das Valvas Cardíacas/patologia , Humanos , Mediadores da Inflamação/metabolismo , Masculino , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais/metabolismo , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Isquemia Miocárdica/genética , Isquemia Miocárdica/patologia , RNA Mensageiro/genética , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Receptores CXCR/genética , Receptores CXCR/metabolismo , Receptores CXCR4/genética , Receptores CXCR4/metabolismo , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/metabolismoRESUMO
AIM: To examine the interference of ß-blockers with the chemokine stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) found in cell homing receptors, C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR-4) and CXCR-7, and regulatory proteins of homing pathways, we administered atenolol, carvedilol, metoprolol, and propranolol for 30 days using an orogastric tube to hypertensive rats. METHOD: We collected blood samples before and after treatment and quantified the levels of SDF-1 with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). On day 30 of treatment, the spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were euthanized, and heart, liver, lung, and kidney tissues were biopsied. Proteins were isolated for determining the expression of CXCR-4, CXCR-7, GRK-2 (G protein-coupled receptors kinase 2), ß-arrestins (ß1-AR and ß2-AR), and nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB). RESULTS: We found that the study drugs modulated these proteins, and metoprolol and propranolol strongly affected the expression of ß1-AR (P = .0102) and ß2-AR (P = .0034). CONCLUSION: ß-blockers modulated tissue expression of the proteins and their interactions following 30 days of treatment. It evidences that this class of drugs can interfere with proteins of cell homing pathways.
Assuntos
Antagonistas Adrenérgicos beta/farmacologia , Anti-Hipertensivos/farmacologia , Movimento Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Hipertensão/tratamento farmacológico , Antagonistas de Receptores Adrenérgicos beta 1/farmacologia , Animais , Atenolol/farmacologia , Carbazóis/farmacologia , Carvedilol , Quimiocina CXCL12/sangue , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Quinase 2 de Receptor Acoplado a Proteína G/metabolismo , Hipertensão/sangue , Hipertensão/fisiopatologia , Rim/efeitos dos fármacos , Rim/metabolismo , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/metabolismo , Pulmão/efeitos dos fármacos , Pulmão/metabolismo , Metoprolol/farmacologia , Miocárdio/metabolismo , NF-kappa B/metabolismo , Propanolaminas/farmacologia , Propranolol/farmacologia , Ratos Endogâmicos SHR , Receptores CXCR/metabolismo , Receptores CXCR4/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , beta-Arrestina 1/metabolismo , beta-Arrestina 2/metabolismoRESUMO
We assessed the effects of a diet with flaxseed or soy nuts versus estradiol on the lipid profile, insulin sensitivity, and glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) expression in ovariectomized female rats. Forty-four female Wistar rats (90 days old) underwent ovariectomy and were divided into 4 groups: C (standard diet), E (standard diet + subcutaneous 17ß-estradiol pellets), L (standard diet + flaxseed + subcutaneous placebo pellets), and S (standard diet + soy nuts + subcutaneous placebo pellets). Customized diets and the insertion of pellets were started 21 days after ovariectomy and were continued for another 21 days. We measured body mass, insulin tolerance, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and GLUT4 (in cardiac and adipose tissues). We found a lower body mass and a lower Lee index in group E and a trend toward improved insulin sensitivity in group S (p = 0.066). Groups L and S showed a better lipid profile when compared with group C. Microsomal GLUT4 increased in group L (in cardiac and adipose tissues), and plasma membrane GLUT4 increased in groups E, L, and S (in both tissues). We conclude that flaxseed and soy nuts as dietary supplements improve lipid profile and increase GLUT4 expression.
Assuntos
Suplementos Nutricionais , Linho , Transportador de Glucose Tipo 4/metabolismo , Glycine max , Resistência à Insulina/fisiologia , Nozes , Tecido Adiposo/química , Tecido Adiposo/metabolismo , Animais , Peso Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Dieta , Estradiol/farmacologia , Feminino , Metabolismo dos Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Miocárdio/química , Miocárdio/metabolismo , Ovariectomia , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
BACKGROUND: New vessels are formed in response to stimuli from angiogenic factors, a process in which paracrine signaling is fundamental. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the cooperative paracrine signaling profile in response to Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) gene therapy in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and refractory angina. METHOD: A cohort study was conducted in which plasma was collected from patients who underwent gene therapy with a plasmid expressing VEGF 165 (10) and from surgical procedure controls (4). Blood samples were collected from both groups prior to baseline and on days 3, 9 and 27 after the interventions and subjected to systemic analysis of protein expression (Interleukin-6, IL-6; Tumor Necrosis Factor-α, TNF-α; Interleukin-10, IL-10; Stromal Derived Factor-1 α, SDF-1α; VEGF; Angiopoietin-1, ANGPT-1; and Endothelin-1, ET-1) using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS: Analysis showed an increase in proinflammatory IL-6 (p=0.02) and ET-1 (p=0.05) on day 3 after gene therapy and in VEGF (p=0.02) on day 9. A strong positive correlation was found between mobilization of endothelial progenitor cells and TNF-α on day 9 (r=0.71; p=0.03). Furthermore, a strong correlation between ß-blockers, antiplatelets, and vasodilators with SDF-1α baseline in the group undergoing gene therapy was verified (r=0.74; p=0.004). CONCLUSION: Analysis of cooperative paracrine signaling after VEGF gene therapy suggests that the immune system cell and angiogenic molecule expression as well as the endothelial progenitor cell mobilization are time-dependent, influenced by chronic inflammatory process and continuous pharmacological treatment.
Assuntos
Angina Pectoris , Doença da Artéria Coronariana , Células Progenitoras Endoteliais/imunologia , Terapia Genética , Neovascularização Fisiológica , Comunicação Parácrina , Fator A de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular , Idoso , Angina Pectoris/genética , Angina Pectoris/imunologia , Angina Pectoris/terapia , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/genética , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/imunologia , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/terapia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neovascularização Fisiológica/genética , Neovascularização Fisiológica/imunologia , Comunicação Parácrina/genética , Comunicação Parácrina/imunologia , Fator A de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/genética , Fator A de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/imunologiaRESUMO
Grape seed oil is rich in phenolic compounds, fatty acids, and vitamins, with economic importance to pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industry. Its use as an edible oil has also been suggested, especially due to its pleasant sensory characteristics. Grape seed oil has beneficial properties for health that are mainly detected by in vitro studies, such as anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, antimicrobial, and anticancer properties, and may interact with cellular and molecular pathways. These effects have been related to grape seed oil constituents, mainly tocopherol, linolenic acid, resveratrol, quercetin, procyanidins, carotenoids, and phytosterols. The aim of this article was to briefly review the composition and nutritional aspects of grape seed oil, the interactions of its compounds with molecular and cellular pathways, and its possible beneficial effects on health.
RESUMO
Wine has been used since the dawn of human civilization. Despite many health benefits, there is still a lot of discussion about the real properties of its components and its actions on cells and molecular interactions. A large part of these issues permeate the fine line between the amount of alcohol that causes problems to organic systems and the amount that could be beneficial for the health. However, even after the process of fermentation, wine conserves different organic compounds from grapes, such as polysaccharides, acids, and phenolic compounds, such as flavonoids and nonflavonoids. These substances have known anti-inflammatory and antioxidant capacities, and are considered as regulatory agents in cardiometabolic process. In this study, the main chemical components present in the wine, its interaction with molecules and biological mechanisms, and their interference with intra- and extracellular signaling are reviewed. Finally, the properties of wine that may benefit cardiovascular system are also revised.
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The incidence of severe ischemic heart disease caused by coronary obstruction has progressively increased. Alternative forms of treatment have been studied in an attempt to regenerate myocardial tissue, induce angiogenesis, and improve clinical conditions. In this context, cell therapy has emerged as a promising alternative using cells with regenerative potential, focusing on the release of paracrine and autocrine factors that contribute to cell survival, angiogenesis, and tissue remodeling. Evidence of the safety, feasibility, and potential effectiveness of cell therapy has emerged from several clinical trials using different lineages of adult stem cells. The clinical benefit, however, is not yet well established. In this review, we discuss the therapeutic potential of cell therapy in terms of regenerative and angiogenic capacity after myocardial ischemia. In addition, we addressed nonpharmacological interventions that may influence this therapeutic practice, such as diet and physical training. This review brings together current data on pharmacological and nonpharmacological approaches to improve cell homing and cardiac repair.