RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Traffic events are one of the five leading causes of mortality in Mexico. Pedestrians are one of the main road users involved in such incidents and have the highest mortality rate, which is regularly analysed in relation to vehicles and pedestrians, but not the built environment. The purpose of this study was to analyse the elements of the road system organisation that influences the mortality rate of pedestrians hit by motor vehicles in the Guadalajara Metropolitan Area. METHOD: We designed a case and control study in which the cases were sites where a pedestrian died during 2012. The controls were sites close to where the death occurred, as well as those with road infrastructure characteristics similar to those where the events took place. We obtained the pedestrian data from the death certificates and assessed some of the environmental elements of the road sites. A logistic regression analysis was used to estimate OR; 95% CI. RESULTS: Road system factors related with pedestrian mortality in close locations were: the presence of bus stops on intersections in one street or both, and road system features, such as the presence of traffic islands, vehicle flow and pedestrian flow. CONCLUSIONS: According to the urban network theory and multiple theory, the final elements resulted as risk factors due to a fault in connectivity between the nodes. A temporal analysis of urban features will help urban planners make decisions regarding the safety of pedestrians and other road users.
Assuntos
Acidentes de Trânsito/mortalidade , Planejamento Ambiental/estatística & dados numéricos , Pedestres/estatística & dados numéricos , Acidentes de Trânsito/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , Idoso , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Veículos Automotores , Fatores de Risco , Segurança , População Urbana , Caminhada/lesões , Adulto JovemRESUMO
RESUMEN Objetivo Analizar la ingesta de macronutrientes y su relación con la edad y sexo en estudiantes de educación superior. Métodos Se realizó un estudio transversal conformado con 218 estudiantes de educación superior de 18 a 30 años. Se utilizó un instrumento validado y confiable, para medir el consumo de macronutrientes. Resultados Respecto a la ingesta de consumo de macronutrientes se observa que hay diferencia estadística por sexo, a favor de los hombres (p>0,05), excepto en el consumo de proteínas en los estudiantes mayores de 25 años. En el grupo etario menor a 20 años, los hombres tienen un mejor consumo de proteínas. En estudiantes de 20 a 25 años el consumo de macronutrientes es parecido entre hombres y mujeres. Discusión Los resultados evidencian que el porcentaje de consumo respecto del valor ideal de requerimiento estimado para actividad ligera según FAO/OMS/ONU 2004, está por debajo, con un déficit de consumo de macronutrientes que oscila entre el 20% y el 60%.(AU)
ABSTRACT Objective To analyze the intake of macronutrients and its relationship with age and sex in higher education students. Materials and Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out with 218 higher education students, aged between 18 and 30 years. A validated and reliable instrument was used to measure macronutrient consumption. Results Regarding the intake of macronutrients, a statistical difference by sex was observed in favor of men (p>0.05), except for the consumption of proteins in students older than 25 years. In the group under 20 years of age, men showed better protein intake. Finally, in students between 20 and 25 years, the consumption of macronutrients is similar among men and women. Discussion The results show that the percentage of consumption with respect to ideal value of the estimated requirement for light activity according to FAO/WHO/UN 2004 is below the recommendations, with a macronutrient consumption deficit that ranges between 20% and 60%.(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Estudantes , Nutrientes , Comportamento Alimentar , Estudos Transversais/instrumentaçãoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the intake of macronutrients and its relationship with age and sex in higher education students. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out with 218 higher education students, aged between 18 and 30 years. A validated and reliable instrument was used to measure macronutrient consumption. RESULTS: Regarding the intake of macronutrients, a statistical difference by sex was observed in favor of men (p>0.05), except for the consumption of proteins in students older than 25 years. In the group under 20 years of age, men showed better protein intake. Finally, in students between 20 and 25 years, the consumption of macronutrients is similar among men and women. DISCUSSION: The results show that the percentage of consumption with respect to ideal value of the estimated requirement for light activity according to FAO/WHO/UN 2004 is below the recommendations, with a macronutrient consumption deficit that ranges between 20% and 60%.
OBJETIVO: Analizar la ingesta de macronutrientes y su relación con la edad y sexo en estudiantes de educación superior. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio transversal conformado con 218 estudiantes de educación superior de 18 a 30 años. Se utilizó un instrumento validado y confiable, para medir el consumo de macronutrientes. RESULTADOS: Respecto a la ingesta de consumo de macronutrientes se observa que hay diferencia estadística por sexo, a favor de los hombres (p>0,05), excepto en el consumo de proteínas en los estudiantes mayores de 25 años. En el grupo etario menor a 20 años, los hombres tienen un mejor consumo de proteínas. En estudiantes de 20 a 25 años el consumo de macronutrientes es parecido entre hombres y mujeres. DISCUSIÓN: Los resultados evidencian que el porcentaje de consumo respecto del valor ideal de requerimiento estimado para actividad ligera según FAO/OMS/ONU 2004, está por debajo, con un déficit de consumo de macronutrientes que oscila entre el 20% y el 60%.