RESUMO
Recently, great attention has been directed towards the use of essential oils from aromatic plants as antimicrobials and antioxidant in food matrix. Fish is well known to be a high perishable food. Indeed, fish muscle is susceptible to suffer protein and lipid oxidation during frozen storage, which can lead to the development of softening and undesirable volatile molecules. However, the possible inclusion of essential oils in fish feed for preserving fish flesh quality during storage is still unclear. For this reason, the potential protective effects of the incorporation of a dietary essential oil constituted by eucalyptol, carvacrol and thymol, to rainbow trout's (Oncorhynchus mykiss) feed were here investigated. Frozen fish fillets resulting from trout fed the essential oil showed a significant protection of specific muscle proteins against the oxidation produced during frozen storage at -10ºC for 6 months. Essential oil-enriched feed decreased carbonylation of specific myofibrillar (α-actinins-1 and -3, myosin heavy chain, myomesin-1, pyruvate kinase, tropomyosin, troponin-T and actin) and sarcoplasmic proteins (glycogen phosphorylase, creatine kinase, fructose-bisphosphate aldolase A and phosphoglycerate mutase 2). Essential oils also increased actin stability and preserved muscle protein solubility and water holding capacity. In addition, essential oils inhibited the onset of lipid oxidation and rancidity, resulting in frozen fish with superior textural quality and sensory scores. As a final conclusion, the inclusion of essential oils in farmed rainbow trout feed is largely efficient for increasing fish quality and shelf life during frozen storage, mainly through a selective-antioxidant effect on muscle proteins.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/administração & dosagem , Gorduras Insaturadas na Dieta/administração & dosagem , Metabolismo dos Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteínas Musculares/efeitos dos fármacos , Óleos Voláteis/administração & dosagem , Oncorhynchus mykiss/fisiologia , Animais , Cruzamento , Dieta/veterinária , Óleos de Peixe/metabolismo , Congelamento , Alimentos Congelados , Músculos/efeitos dos fármacos , Oxirredução/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Desde las observaciones de Quincke y Osler, que refirieron pacientes con una "tumefacción" diferente de las que provocaban habitualmente los mecanismos alérgicos hasta el descubrimiento de un nuevo mediador responsable de esos edemas dolorosos y deformantes, se han sucedido los aportes de los investigadores en el esclarecimiento de la patogenia y el tratamiento del AEH hasta la actualidad, en que el arsenal terapéutico se ve notablemente enriquecido por medicamentos altamente eficaces y específicos. Intentaremos describirlos. (AU)
From the observations of Quincke and Osler, who referred patients with a "swelling" different from those that usually provoked the allergic mechanisms until the discovery of a new mediator responsible for these painful and deforming edemas, have been the contributions of researchers in the Clarification of the pathogenesis and treatment of HAE to date, where the therapeutic arsenal is remarkably enriched by highly effective and specific drugs. We will try to describe them.(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Angioedemas Hereditários/fisiopatologia , Angioedemas Hereditários/tratamento farmacológico , Argentina , Preparações FarmacêuticasRESUMO
A pesar de que el angioedema hereditario es un padecimiento raro, tiene una amplia bibliografía que ratifica que la fisiopatología de esta enfermedad es compleja. La constante investigación de la industria farmacéutica no solo ha aportado nuevos recursos terapéuticos sino que ha logrado despertar un inusitado interés en la comunidad médica, permitiendo que tengamos una mayor comprensión sobre los mecanismos que presiden la aparición de las crisis. El Comité de Angioedema Hereditario de la AAAeIC ha desarrollado una puesta al día sobre esta entidad, que, por las características de sus síntomas, es abordada principalmente por los especialistas en alergia e inmunología clínica(AU)
Although hereditary angioedema is a rare condition, it has a large number of references that confirm that the pathophysiology of this disease is complex. The constant research of the pharmaceutical industry has not only brought new therapeutic resources, but also aroused an unusual interest in the medical community, allowing us to have a better understanding of the mechanisms that perform the onset of crises. The AAA e IC Hereditary Angioedema Committee has developed an update on this entity, which, due to the characteristics of its symptoms, is mainly addressed by specialists in allergy and clinical immunology.(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Angioedemas Hereditários/fisiopatologia , Angioedemas Hereditários/genética , Sistema Respiratório , Pele , Bradicinina , Trato Gastrointestinal , Alergia e ImunologiaRESUMO
Criollo-type cacao trees are an important pool of genes with potential to be used in cacao breeding and selection programs. For that reason, we assessed the diversity and population structure of Criollo-type trees (108 cultivars with Criollo phenotypic characteristics and 10 Criollo references) using 12 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Cultivars were selected from 7 demes in the Soconusco region of southern Mexico. SSRs amplified 74 alleles with an average of 3.6 alleles per population. The overall populations showed an average observed heterozygosity of 0.28, indicating heterozygote deficiency (average fixation index F = 0.50). However, moderate allelic diversity was found within populations (Shannon index for all populations I = 0.97). Bayesian method analysis determined 2 genetic clusters (K = 2) within individuals. In concordance, an assignment test grouped 37 multilocus genotypes (including 10 references) into a first cluster (Criollo), 54 into a second (presumably Amelonado), and 27 admixed individuals unassigned at the 90% threshold likely corresponding to the Trinitario genotype. This classification was supported by the principal coordinate analysis and analysis of molecular variance, which showed 12% of variation among populations (FST = 0.123, P < 0.0001). Sampled demes sites (1- 7) in the Soconusco region did not show any evidence of clustering by geographic location, and this was supported by the Mantel test (Rxy = 0.54, P = 0.120). Individuals with high Criollo lineage planted in Soconusco farms could be an important reservoir of genes for future breeding programs searching for fine, taste, flavor, and aroma cocoa.
Assuntos
Cacau/genética , Genética Populacional , Repetições de Microssatélites/genética , Cruzamento , Cacau/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Genótipo , MéxicoRESUMO
Presentamos un caso de micosis fungoide liquenoide. La paciente presentó prurito intenso, pero con una buena evolución hasta el momento. Tanto clínica como histológicamente se correspondía con un patrón liquenoide, hecho de excepcional frecuencia. Respondió al tratamiento esteroideo tópico de alta potencia.
A 53-years-old woman with a lichenoid mycoses fungoides is reported. Both clinical and histological lichenoid pattern was finding, which is unusual. The treatment with high potency corticoids was successfully and the outcome is favorable up to now.
RESUMO
The genetic diversity of Mesoamerican populations of the biofuel plant Jatropha curcas, using the fatty acids of the seeds as chemical markers was studied. The oil content of the whole seed in 135 accessions from 38 sites varied between 8.020% and 54.28%. The prevalent fatty acids were oleic acid (18:1) and linoleic acid (18:2), and the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids varied between 74.5% and 83.7%. A study with cloned plants grown in common garden showed that both the content of oil as well as the proportion of fatty acids are highly inheritable, therefore these chemical markers are valid for estimating the genetic diversity of the species. An analysis of principal components showed that the fatty acids that contribute more to the variance are stearic, oleic, linoleic, methylpalmitic, gadoleic and ricinoleic. The populations were classified in ten groups when the data were analyzed for fatty acids by analysis of clusters, showing the elevated genetic variation in natural populations of this native species of Mesoamerica. A discriminant analysis separated the populations in accordance with their geographic origin, which was verified with a Mantel test. Using the Monmonier's algorithm two genetic barriers between the populations were identified. The results are discussed in light of their microevolutionary significance.
Assuntos
Ácidos Graxos/química , Variação Genética/genética , Jatropha/genética , Óleos de Plantas/química , Algoritmos , Análise Discriminante , Jatropha/química , México , Especificidade da EspécieRESUMO
Objetivo: Nuestro país, por su riqueza cultural, presenta diversas concepciones en torno al embarazo, parto y puerperio. Las costumbres y los procesos de embarazo, parto y puerperio, de la mujer Awajun (Aguaruna) o Wampis (Huambisa), en el contexto cultural de las comunidades indígenas, son revisadas en el presente estudio. Materiales y métodos: Estudio etnográfico descriptivo, cualitativo, realizado durante octubre de 2002 a abril de 2003, aplicándose 24 entrevistas a profundidad (a parteras, promotores de salud y usuarias), en las comunidades de Puerto Galilea y Chapiza, además de tres grupos focales. Dichas entrevistas se analizaron en función de cinco aspectos, relacionados con señales, peligros, dietas y cuidados durante el embarazo, parto y puerperio. Resultados: Los pobladores reconocen algunas señales depeligro en el embarazo, como el sangrado vaginal y pérdida de líquido amniótico. Los cuidados durante el embarazo se relacionan con las actividades diarias y la ingesta de alimentos (dietas). Existen algunos elementos que dificultan el parto y nacimiento, como el sentimiento de vergüenza para llamar al promotor. Logrado el parto, debe mantenerse los cuidados para la recuperación de la madre, y un decuado desarrollo del recién nacido. Conclusiones: Las concepcionesy percepciones del embarazo, parto y puerperio en comunidades nativas, norman el comportamiento de suspobladores, repercutiendo esto en la salud materna e infantil. Es necesario comprender esta cultura y capacitar agentes de medicina tradicional, implementando estrategias en promoción de la salud y atención de la gestante, fortaleciendo las capacidades institucionales e incrementando la cobertura.
Objective: Our country, due to its cultural richness, has many different conceptions with respect to pregnancy, delivery, and puerperium. Customs and occurrences during pregnancy, delivery and puerperium in Awajun (aguaruna) or Wampis (Huambisa) native women are reviewed in this study. Materials and methods: Ethnographic, descriptive, and qualitative study performed from October 2002 to April 2003. 24 in-depth interviews were carried out in midwives, healthcare promoters, and clients in Puerto Galilea and Chapiza communities, three focal groups were also assessed. The aforementioned interviews were analyzed taking into account five aspects related with signals, dangers, diet, and care to be taken during pregnancy, delivery, and puerperium. Results: People recognize some danger signals during pregnancy, such as vaginal bleeding and amniotic fluid loss. Care to be taken during pregnancy is related to daily activities and diets to be followed. There are some elements that pose difficulties for pregnancy and delivery, such as being ashamed to call a healthcare promoter. Once delivery occurs, care must be taken so that the mother recovers and the newborn has adequate development. Conclusions: Conceptions and perceptions with respect to pregnancy, delivery, and puerperium in native communities regulate peoples behavior, and this influences both mother and child health. It is necessary to understand this culture and to train health promoters with appropriate knowledge of traditional medicine, implementing health promotion and pregnant women health care strategies, strengthening institutional capacities and increasing health care coverage.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Recém-Nascido , Diversidade Cultural , Etnicidade , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Parto Normal , PeruRESUMO
El estímulo eléctrico plantar (EEP) aplicado a ratas conscientes, incrementa la presión arterial media (PAM) y la frecuencia cardíaca (FC). En el presente trabajo evaluamos la hipótesis que la angiotensina II (ANG II) endógena media la respuesta simpática frente al EEP. Nuestros resultados muestran que el bloqueo del receptor AT1 con losartan, valsartan o eprosartan previene la respuesta vasopresora inducida por el EEP. La nefrectomía bilateral (NFX), la cual reduce los niveles circulantes de ANG, suprimió el incremento de la PAM y de las catecolaminas plasmáticas observada durante el EEP. La administración de una dosis subpresora de angiotensina II restauró la respuesta vasopresora inducida por el estrés en las ratas nefrectomizadas. La modulación de los niveles circulantes de angiotensina II alteró la respuesta presora frente al estrés. Así, la reducción de los niveles circulantes de ANG mediante una ingesta elevada de sodio, inhibió la respuesta presora frente al EEP. Por el contrario, el incremento del sistema renina-angiotensina inducido por una dieta baja en sal, facilitó la respuesta presora frente al estrés. Nuestros resultados indican que la angiotensina II endógena soporta la respuesta simpática frente al estrés, a través de la estimulación de los receptores AT1 presinápticos