RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Obesity modifies vocal characteristics, causing abnormal fat deposition in the abdominal region and upper airways. For some authors the voice of the obese is not different from nonobese and the vocal symptoms are scarce; for others dysphonia in obese is reported by 70% of them and the voice becomes hoarse, breathy, and unstable. OBJECTIVE: To characterize the voice of patients with morbid obesity. METHODS: Two groups were included: Obese (n-27), aged between 26 and 59 years, selected for bariatric surgery; Control (n-27), matched in age, with ideal weight for height. PARAMETERS: Vocal self-assessment (Vocal Disadvantage Index-IDV and Quality of Life and Voice-QVV); Perceptual-auditory vocal evaluation (GRBASI scale), maximum phonation time; Acoustic vocal analysis and Videolaryngoscopic exams. RESULTS: In obese, the most frequent symptoms were gastroesophageal and hoarseness. The vocal self-evaluation did not record any relevant complaints in both groups. In obese, the perceptual-auditory voice evaluations indicated significant changes in R (roughness), B (breathiness), I (instability), and S (tension) parameters. Acoustic vocal analysis recorded changes in the noise-harmonic ratio (NHR) and soft phonation index (SPI) parameters. The videolaryngoscopy examinations showed, in control and obese groups, respectively: normal: 92.5% and 55.5%; posterior pachydermia: 11.1% and 33.3%; mid-posterior bowing: 0% and 7.4%; edema/congestion: 0% and 7.40%. CONCLUSION: The voice of the obese becomes discreetly hoarse, breathless, and unstable. The most frequent videolaryngoscopic findings in obese patients are hyperemia and edema of vocal folds and posterior pachydermia, related to acid laryngitis, secondary to gastroesophageal reflux.
Assuntos
Disfonia , Obesidade Mórbida , Adulto , Disfonia/diagnóstico , Disfonia/etiologia , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Obesidade Mórbida/complicações , Obesidade Mórbida/diagnóstico , Fonação , Qualidade de Vida , Qualidade da VozRESUMO
La cromoendoscopia se define como la aplicación tópica de colorante acuoso en la mucosadel tracto gastrointestinal. Estos colorantes tienen la función de mostrar cambios tempranos odiscretos que pasan sin ser notados para el examen convencional, lo que permite la colecta detejidos alterados o seguimiento de las enfermedades pre existentes. En medicina veterinaria,no fueron encontrados estudios que han utilizado esta técnica, pero hay muchas situaciones enlas que puede ser empleado como la investigación o monitoreo: esofagitis (tales como esófagode Barrett en los seres humanos), lesiones erosivas gástricas o polipoidis y lesionesduodenales . Este trabajo se realizó en diez animales adultos, endoscopia (EGD) seguido porcromoendoscopia (CRE) y la recolección de biopsia del esófago, estómago (fondo, el cuerpoy antro pilórico) y el duodeno cuando esté disponible. Las biopsias fueron enviadas parahistopatología e identificación de la presencia o ausencia de daños en el material recogido. El objetivo de este estudio fue demostrar la técnica de la cromoendoscopia en perros, evaluar sueficacia en la identificación y la delimitación de las lesiones en el tracto digestivo superior deestos animales y correlacionar los hallazgos endoscópicos antes y después de la aplicación dela técnica a los resultados histopatológicos. La correlación entre la EGD y la CRE porhistopatología (patrón oro) se
Chromoendoscopy is defined as the topical application of aqueous dye in the gastrointestinaltract mucosa. These dyes have the function of showing early or discrete changes which maygo unnoticed in conventional examination. Therefore, this procedure enables altered tissuecollection or monitoring of pre-existing diseases. In Veterinary Medicine, there were nostudies that have used this technique, but there are many conditions in which it can beemployed as research or monitoring of esophagitis (such as humans Barrett's esophagus),erosive or polypoid gastric lesions and duodenal injuries. In the present study, ten adult dogsunderwent endoscopy (EGD), followed by chromoendoscopy (CRE) and biopsy ofesophagus, stomach (fundus, body and pyloric antrum) and duodenum, when available.Biopsies were sent for histopathology for identification of presence or absence of lesions inthe collected samples. The aim of this study was to describe the technique ofchromoendoscopy in dogs, evaluate its effectiveness on the identification and delineation oflesions in the upper digestive tract of dogs and correlate endoscopic findings before and afterapplication of the technique with histopathologic results. The correlation between EGD andCRE by histopathology (gold standard) was evaluated using the Kappa test. The resultsshowed significant agreement in CRE of esophagus with accuracy of 83.33%. Moderateag
A Cromoendoscopia é definida como a aplicação tópica de corantes aquosos na mucosa dotrato gastrointestinal. Estes corantes têm a função de evidenciar alterações precoces oudiscretas que passariam despercebidas ao exame convencional, permitindo, assim, a coleta detecido alterado ou o acompanhamento de doenças pré-existentes. Na Medicina Veterinária,não foram encontrados trabalhos que tenham utilizado esta técnica, mas há muitas situaçõesem que ela pode ser empregada, como na pesquisa ou no acompanhamento de: esofagites(como esôfago de Barrett em humanos), lesões gástricas erosivas ou polipoides e lesõesduodenais. Neste trabalho, dez cães adultos foram submetidos à endoscopia digestiva alta(EDA) seguida de cromoendoscopia (CRE) e biopsia de esôfago, estômago (fundo, corpo eantro pilórico) e duodeno quando acessível. As biopsias foram enviadas para examehistopatológico com o objetivo de identificar a presença ou ausência de lesão no materialcoletado. O objetivo deste trabalho foi demonstrar a aplicação da técnica de cromoendoscopiaem cães, avaliar sua eficácia quanto à identificação e delimitação de lesões no trato digestóriosuperior destes animais e correlacionar os achados endoscópicos pré e pós-aplicação datécnica com os resultados histopatológicos. A correlação da endoscopia convencional (E.C). eda CRE com o exame histopatológico (padrão ouro) foi avaliada pelo teste de Kappa
RESUMO
La cromoendoscopia se define como la aplicación tópica de colorante acuoso en la mucosa del tracto gastrointestinal. Estos colorantes tienen la función de mostrar cambios tempranos o discretos que pasan sin ser notados para el examen convencional, lo que permite la colecta de tejidos alterados o seguimiento de las enfermedades pre existentes. En medicina veterinaria, no fueron encontrados estudios que han utilizado esta técnica, pero hay muchas situaciones en las que puede ser empleado como la investigación o monitoreo: esofagitis (tales como esófago de Barrett en los seres humanos), lesiones erosivas gástricas o polipoidis y lesiones duodenales . Este trabajo se realizó en diez animales adultos, endoscopia (EGD) seguido por cromoendoscopia (CRE) y la recolección de biopsia del esófago, estómago (fondo, el cuerpo y antro pilórico) y el duodeno cuando esté disponible. Las biopsias fueron enviadas para histopatología e identificación de la presencia o ausencia de daños en el material recogido. El objetivo de este estudio fue demostrar la técnica de la cromoendoscopia en perros, evaluar su eficacia en la identificación y la delimitación de las lesiones en el tracto digestivo superior de estos animales y correlacionar los hallazgos endoscópicos antes y después de la aplicación de la técnica a los resultados histopatológicos. La correlación entre la EGD y la CRE porhistopatología (patrón oro) se evaluó mediante la prueba de Kappa. Los resultados mostraronun acuerdo significativo en la CRE esófago con una precisión de 83,33%. Acuerdo Moderadoen la endoscopia convencional EGD del esófago con una precisión de 83,33% y CRE delfondus, el cuerpo y el antro pilórico con una precisión de 70%. Acuerdo razonable en CREestómago con una precisión de 70%. Concordancia moderada en EGD de antro y EGD y CREde duodeno con una precisión de 50%, 40% y 40% respectivamente. No hubo correlaciónentre los ensayos en el EGD de fondo, el cuerpo y el estómago con una precisión de [...](AU)
Chromoendoscopy is defined as the topical application of aqueous dye in the gastrointestinal tract mucosa. These dyes have the function of showing early or discrete changes which may go unnoticed in conventional examination. Therefore, this procedure enables altered tissue collection or monitoring of pre-existing diseases. In Veterinary Medicine, there were no studies that have used this technique, but there are many conditions in which it can be employed as research or monitoring of esophagitis (such as humans Barrett"s esophagus), erosive or polypoid gastric lesions and duodenal injuries. In the present study, ten adult dogs underwent endoscopy (EGD), followed by chromoendoscopy (CRE) and biopsy of esophagus, stomach (fundus, body and pyloric antrum) and duodenum, when available. Biopsies were sent for histopathology for identification of presence or absence of lesions in the collected samples. The aim of this study was to describe the technique of chromoendoscopy in dogs, evaluate its effectiveness on the identification and delineation of lesions in the upper digestive tract of dogs and correlate endoscopic findings before and after application of the technique with histopathologic results. The correlation between EGD and CRE by histopathology (gold standard) was evaluated using the Kappa test. The results showed significant agreement in CRE of esophagus with accuracy of 83. Moderateagreement in conventional endoscopy (CE) of esophagus and CRE of fundus, body andpyloric antrum were demonstrated with an accuracy of 83.33%, 70%, 70% and 70%respectively. Fair agreement was found in CRE of stomach, with an accuracy of 70%. Therewas poor agreement in EGD of pyloric antrum and EGD and CRE of duodenum, with anaccuracy of 50%, 40% and 40% respectively. There was no correlation between the tests [...](AU)
A Cromoendoscopia é definida como a aplicação tópica de corantes aquosos na mucosa do trato gastrointestinal. Estes corantes têm a função de evidenciar alterações precoces ou discretas que passariam despercebidas ao exame convencional, permitindo, assim, a coleta de tecido alterado ou o acompanhamento de doenças pré-existentes. Na Medicina Veterinária, não foram encontrados trabalhos que tenham utilizado esta técnica, mas há muitas situações em que ela pode ser empregada, como na pesquisa ou no acompanhamento de: esofagites (como esôfago de Barrett em humanos), lesões gástricas erosivas ou polipoides e lesões duodenais. Neste trabalho, dez cães adultos foram submetidos à endoscopia digestiva alta (EDA) seguida de cromoendoscopia (CRE) e biopsia de esôfago, estômago (fundo, corpo e antro pilórico) e duodeno quando acessível. As biopsias foram enviadas para exame histopatológico com o objetivo de identificar a presença ou ausência de lesão no material coletado. O objetivo deste trabalho foi demonstrar a aplicação da técnica de cromoendoscopia em cães, avaliar sua eficácia quanto à identificação e delimitação de lesões no trato digestório superior destes animais e correlacionar os achados endoscópicos pré e pós-aplicação da técnica com os resultados histopatológicos. A correlação da endoscopia convencional (E.C). e da CRE com o exame histopatológico (padrão ouro) foi avaliada pelo teste de Kappa e osresultados demonstraram concordância importante na CRE de esôfago com acurácia de83,33%. Concordância moderada foi observada na E.C. de esôfago e na CRE de fundo, corpoe antro piloro com acurácia de 83,33%, 70%, 70% e 70%, respectivamente. Concordânciarazoável foi demonstrada na CRE de estômago com acurácia de 70%. Concordância ruim foiencontrada na E.C. de antro pilórico e na E.C. e CRE de duodeno com acurácia de 50%, 40%e 40% [...](AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Endoscopia do Sistema Digestório/veterinária , Endoscopia do Sistema Digestório/métodos , Trato Gastrointestinal/fisiopatologia , Índigo Carmim/análise , Azul de Metileno/análise , Coloração e Rotulagem/veterinária , Biópsia/veterináriaRESUMO
La cromoendoscopia se define como la aplicación tópica de colorante acuoso en la mucosa del tracto gastrointestinal. Estos colorantes tienen la función de mostrar cambios tempranos o discretos que pasan sin ser notados para el examen convencional, lo que permite la colecta de tejidos alterados o seguimiento de las enfermedades pre existentes. En medicina veterinaria, no fueron encontrados estudios que han utilizado esta técnica, pero hay muchas situaciones en las que puede ser empleado como la investigación o monitoreo: esofagitis (tales como esófago de Barrett en los seres humanos), lesiones erosivas gástricas o polipoidis y lesiones duodenales . Este trabajo se realizó en diez animales adultos, endoscopia (EGD) seguido por cromoendoscopia (CRE) y la recolección de biopsia del esófago, estómago (fondo, el cuerpo y antro pilórico) y el duodeno cuando esté disponible. Las biopsias fueron enviadas para histopatología e identificación de la presencia o ausencia de daños en el material recogido. El objetivo de este estudio fue demostrar la técnica de la cromoendoscopia en perros, evaluar su eficacia en la identificación y la delimitación de las lesiones en el tracto digestivo superior de estos animales y correlacionar los hallazgos endoscópicos antes y después de la aplicación de la técnica a los resultados histopatológicos. La correlación entre la EGD y la CRE porhistopatología (patrón oro) se evaluó mediante la prueba de Kappa. Los resultados mostraronun acuerdo significativo en la CRE esófago con una precisión de 83,33%. Acuerdo Moderadoen la endoscopia convencional EGD del esófago con una precisión de 83,33% y CRE delfondus, el cuerpo y el antro pilórico con una precisión de 70%. Acuerdo razonable en CREestómago con una precisión de 70%. Concordancia moderada en EGD de antro y EGD y CREde duodeno con una precisión de 50%, 40% y 40% respectivamente. No hubo correlaciónentre los ensayos en el EGD de fondo, el cuerpo y el estómago con una precisión de [...]
Chromoendoscopy is defined as the topical application of aqueous dye in the gastrointestinal tract mucosa. These dyes have the function of showing early or discrete changes which may go unnoticed in conventional examination. Therefore, this procedure enables altered tissue collection or monitoring of pre-existing diseases. In Veterinary Medicine, there were no studies that have used this technique, but there are many conditions in which it can be employed as research or monitoring of esophagitis (such as humans Barrett"s esophagus), erosive or polypoid gastric lesions and duodenal injuries. In the present study, ten adult dogs underwent endoscopy (EGD), followed by chromoendoscopy (CRE) and biopsy of esophagus, stomach (fundus, body and pyloric antrum) and duodenum, when available. Biopsies were sent for histopathology for identification of presence or absence of lesions in the collected samples. The aim of this study was to describe the technique of chromoendoscopy in dogs, evaluate its effectiveness on the identification and delineation of lesions in the upper digestive tract of dogs and correlate endoscopic findings before and after application of the technique with histopathologic results. The correlation between EGD and CRE by histopathology (gold standard) was evaluated using the Kappa test. The results showed significant agreement in CRE of esophagus with accuracy of 83. Moderateagreement in conventional endoscopy (CE) of esophagus and CRE of fundus, body andpyloric antrum were demonstrated with an accuracy of 83.33%, 70%, 70% and 70%respectively. Fair agreement was found in CRE of stomach, with an accuracy of 70%. Therewas poor agreement in EGD of pyloric antrum and EGD and CRE of duodenum, with anaccuracy of 50%, 40% and 40% respectively. There was no correlation between the tests [...]
A Cromoendoscopia é definida como a aplicação tópica de corantes aquosos na mucosa do trato gastrointestinal. Estes corantes têm a função de evidenciar alterações precoces ou discretas que passariam despercebidas ao exame convencional, permitindo, assim, a coleta de tecido alterado ou o acompanhamento de doenças pré-existentes. Na Medicina Veterinária, não foram encontrados trabalhos que tenham utilizado esta técnica, mas há muitas situações em que ela pode ser empregada, como na pesquisa ou no acompanhamento de: esofagites (como esôfago de Barrett em humanos), lesões gástricas erosivas ou polipoides e lesões duodenais. Neste trabalho, dez cães adultos foram submetidos à endoscopia digestiva alta (EDA) seguida de cromoendoscopia (CRE) e biopsia de esôfago, estômago (fundo, corpo e antro pilórico) e duodeno quando acessível. As biopsias foram enviadas para exame histopatológico com o objetivo de identificar a presença ou ausência de lesão no material coletado. O objetivo deste trabalho foi demonstrar a aplicação da técnica de cromoendoscopia em cães, avaliar sua eficácia quanto à identificação e delimitação de lesões no trato digestório superior destes animais e correlacionar os achados endoscópicos pré e pós-aplicação da técnica com os resultados histopatológicos. A correlação da endoscopia convencional (E.C). e da CRE com o exame histopatológico (padrão ouro) foi avaliada pelo teste de Kappa e osresultados demonstraram concordância importante na CRE de esôfago com acurácia de83,33%. Concordância moderada foi observada na E.C. de esôfago e na CRE de fundo, corpoe antro piloro com acurácia de 83,33%, 70%, 70% e 70%, respectivamente. Concordânciarazoável foi demonstrada na CRE de estômago com acurácia de 70%. Concordância ruim foiencontrada na E.C. de antro pilórico e na E.C. e CRE de duodeno com acurácia de 50%, 40%e 40% [...]
Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Endoscopia do Sistema Digestório/métodos , Endoscopia do Sistema Digestório/veterinária , Trato Gastrointestinal/fisiopatologia , Azul de Metileno/análise , Biópsia/veterinária , Coloração e Rotulagem/veterinária , Índigo Carmim/análiseRESUMO
PURPOSE: To evaluate morphological changes of the gastric stump and not resected stomach mucosa after the completion of truncal vagotomy. METHODS: Eighty male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: CT, TV, RY and RYTV. In CT group, abdominal viscera were manipulated and the abdominal cavity was closed, in TV vagal trunks were isolated and sectioned, in RY a partial Roux-en-Y gastrectomy was performed and in RYTV the vagal trunks were sectioned and a partial Roux-en-Y gastrectomy was performed. At the 54th week after surgery, the rats were euthanized. The findings were submitted to histological analyses. RESULTS: None macroscopic or histological alterations in groups TV and CT was observed. Specimens from RY and RYTV groups did not show alterations in the gastric stump mucosa. At the jejunal side of the gastroenterostomy we found shallow ulcerative lesions always single, well-defined and with variable diameter 3 to 6 mm, six times in the RY group and none in the RYTV group (RY>RYTV, p=0.008). Neoplastic or preneoplastic lesions were not diagnosed in all groups. CONCLUSION: Truncal vagotomy is a safe and non-carcinogenic method in not resected and partially resected stomach.
Assuntos
Mucosa Gástrica/patologia , Coto Gástrico/patologia , Estômago/patologia , Vagotomia Troncular/métodos , Anastomose em-Y de Roux/métodos , Animais , Gastroenterostomia/métodos , Jejuno/patologia , Jejuno/cirurgia , Masculino , Ilustração Médica , Modelos Animais , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Estômago/cirurgiaRESUMO
To evaluate morphological changes of the gastric stump and not resected stomach mucosa after the completion of truncal vagotomy. METHODS: Eighty male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: CT, TV, RY and RYTV. In CT group, abdominal viscera were manipulated and the abdominal cavity was closed, in TV vagal trunks were isolated and sectioned, in RY a partial Roux-en-Y gastrectomy was performed and in RYTV the vagal trunks were sectioned and a partial Roux-en-Y gastrectomy was performed. At the 54th week after surgery, the rats were euthanized. The findings were submitted to histological analyses. RESULTS: None macroscopic or histological alterations in groups TV and CT was observed. Specimens from RY and RYTV groups did not show alterations in the gastric stump mucosa. At the jejunal side of the gastroenterostomy we found shallow ulcerative lesions always single, well-defined and with variable diameter 3 to 6 mm, six times in the RY group and none in the RYTV group (RY>RYTV, p=0.008). Neoplastic or preneoplastic lesions were not diagnosed in all groups. CONCLUSION: Truncal vagotomy is a safe and non-carcinogenic method in not resected and partially resected stomach.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Ratos , Estômago/anatomia & histologia , Vagotomia , Mucosa Gástrica/anatomia & histologia , Ratos/classificaçãoRESUMO
To evaluate morphological changes of the gastric stump and not resected stomach mucosa after the completion of truncal vagotomy. METHODS: Eighty male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: CT, TV, RY and RYTV. In CT group, abdominal viscera were manipulated and the abdominal cavity was closed, in TV vagal trunks were isolated and sectioned, in RY a partial Roux-en-Y gastrectomy was performed and in RYTV the vagal trunks were sectioned and a partial Roux-en-Y gastrectomy was performed. At the 54th week after surgery, the rats were euthanized. The findings were submitted to histological analyses. RESULTS: None macroscopic or histological alterations in groups TV and CT was observed. Specimens from RY and RYTV groups did not show alterations in the gastric stump mucosa. At the jejunal side of the gastroenterostomy we found shallow ulcerative lesions always single, well-defined and with variable diameter 3 to 6 mm, six times in the RY group and none in the RYTV group (RY>RYTV, p=0.008). Neoplastic or preneoplastic lesions were not diagnosed in all groups. CONCLUSION: Truncal vagotomy is a safe and non-carcinogenic method in not resected and partially resected stomach.
Assuntos
Animais , Ratos , Estômago/anatomia & histologia , Mucosa Gástrica/anatomia & histologia , Vagotomia , Ratos/classificaçãoRESUMO
PURPOSE: To assess whether late introduction of a specific COX-2 inhibitor (Meloxicam) can treat and/or prevent the progression of tumors in the stomach of rats submitted to duodenogastric reflux. METHODS: Seventy five male Wistar rats, weighing 150 grams, were submitted to the induction of duodenogastric reflux through the pylorus. At 36 weeks of follow-up were established three experimental groups: DGR36 sacrificed immediately, DGR54 and DGR54MLX both sacrificed at 54th week of follow-up . The animals of the latter group were fed with a rat chow premixed with Meloxicam (2.0 mg/ kg feed; 0.3 mg / kg bw / day) and the other two with standard rat chow. The lesions found in the pyloric mucosa and gastrojejunal anastomosis were analyzed macroscopically and histologically. For statistical analysis was adjusted a generalized linear model assuming a binomial distribution with LOGIT link function. RESULTS: No significant differences were found when comparing the incidences of benign tumor lesions (Adenomatous Hyperplasia), p=0.4915, or malignant (Mucinous Adenocarcinoma), p=0.2731, among groups. CONCLUSION: Late introduction of specific COX-2 inhibitor (Meloxicam) did not treat and was not able to prevent the progression of tumoral lesions induced by duodenogastric reflux in the rat stomachs.
Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma/prevenção & controle , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/administração & dosagem , Refluxo Duodenogástrico/complicações , Neoplasias Gástricas/prevenção & controle , Tiazinas/administração & dosagem , Tiazóis/administração & dosagem , Adenocarcinoma/tratamento farmacológico , Adenocarcinoma/etiologia , Adenocarcinoma/patologia , Animais , Progressão da Doença , Refluxo Duodenogástrico/cirurgia , Masculino , Ilustração Médica , Meloxicam , Piloro/patologia , Distribuição Aleatória , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Neoplasias Gástricas/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Gástricas/etiologia , Neoplasias Gástricas/patologia , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
PURPOSE:To assess whether late introduction of a specific COX-2 inhibitor (Meloxicam) can treat and/or prevent the progression of tumors in the stomach of rats submitted to duodenogastric reflux. METHODS: Seventy five male Wistar rats, weighing 150 grams, were submitted to the induction of duodenogastric reflux through the pylorus. At 36 weeks of follow-up were established three experimental groups: DGR36 sacrificed immediately, DGR54 and DGR54MLX both sacrificed at 54th week of follow-up . The animals of the latter group were fed with a rat chow premixed with Meloxicam (2.0 mg/ kg feed; 0.3 mg / kg bw / day) and the other two with standard rat chow. The lesions found in the pyloric mucosa and gastrojejunal anastomosis were analyzed macroscopically and histologically. For statistical analysis was adjusted a generalized linear model assuming a binomial distribution with LOGIT link function. RESULTS: No significant differences were found when comparing the incidences of benign tumor lesions (Adenomatous Hyperplasia), p=0.4915, or malignant (Mucinous Adenocarcinoma), p=0.2731, among groups. CONCLUSION: Late introduction of specific COX-2 inhibitor (Meloxicam) did not treat and was not able to prevent the progression of tumoral lesions induced by duodenogastric reflux in the rat stomachs.
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Ratos , Adenocarcinoma/prevenção & controle , /administração & dosagem , Refluxo Duodenogástrico/complicações , Neoplasias Gástricas/prevenção & controle , Tiazinas/administração & dosagem , Tiazóis/administração & dosagem , Adenocarcinoma/tratamento farmacológico , Adenocarcinoma/etiologia , Adenocarcinoma/patologia , Progressão da Doença , Refluxo Duodenogástrico/cirurgia , Ilustração Médica , Piloro/patologia , Distribuição Aleatória , Ratos Wistar , Neoplasias Gástricas/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Gástricas/etiologia , Neoplasias Gástricas/patologia , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
PURPOSE: To analyze the clinicopathological features and outcome of patients with pathologically proven superficial squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. METHODS: A total of 234 consecutive cases of esophageal carcinoma in a 15-year period were reviewed. RESULTS: Superficial esophageal cancer was found in five patients (2.1%). They were four men and one woman and the mean age was 52.5 years. Smoking and alcohol were the main risk factors. Achalasia due to Chagas disease occurred in one patient and a second primary tumor developed in the larynx in another patient. Four patients underwent esophagectomy and one patient received chemoradiotherapy. The histopathologic diagnosis was of squamous cell carcinoma in all cases. Intramucosal tumor (Tis) was identified in three cases and superficially invasive carcinoma in two cases. Four patients are free of disease with survival times of two, four, six and nine years. The patient who developed laryngeal cancer died six years after esophagectomy. CONCLUSION: Long-term survival in patients with esophageal cancer is related to early diagnosis. Therefore, a less aggressive surgical approach, such as endoscopic resection, may be a good option for these patients, if depth of tumor invasion can be accurately predicted by the new imaging tools.