RESUMO
The objective of the current study was to conduct an initial comparison of commercial yeast products in layer hen diets on egg production parameters and the corresponding impact on the cecal microbiota. A short-term feeding study was conducted with 35 laying hens receiving either a control, or 1 of 4 different yeast fermentation products, Immunowall, Hilyses (both from ICC, São Paulo, Brazil), Citristim (ADM, Decatur, IL), and Maxi-Gen Plus (CBS Bio Platforms, Calgary, Canada) with 7 hens per treatment from 40 to 46 wk of age. At the end of the trial, hens were euthanized, the ceca removed and prepared for denatured gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) microbial compositional analyses. Although initial shell weight and shell thickness were similar among the treatment groups, hens fed Hilyses had lower shell weight and thickness at the end of the experiment. The most predominant DGGE bands with the strongest intensity were identified as Lactobacillus species and excised double bands were identified as Bacillus, Clostridium, or Lachnospiraceae. In this short-term feeding trial, the commercial yeast products tested had little effect on egg production and shell quality, and only moderately impacted the composition of mature layer hen cecal microbiota.
Assuntos
Galinhas , Fermento Seco , Animais , Feminino , Ração Animal/análise , Brasil , Ceco , Dieta/veterinária , Casca de OvoRESUMO
Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer death. Gemcitabine is widely used as a chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of pancreatic cancer, but the prognosis is still poor. Berberine, an isoquinoline alkaloid extracted from a variety of natural herbs, possesses a variety of pharmacological properties including anticancer effects. In this study, we investigated the anticancer effects of berberine and compared its use with that of gemcitabine in the pancreatic cancer cell lines PANC-1 and MIA-PaCa2. Berberine inhibited cell growth in a dose-dependent manner by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. After berberine treatment, the G1 phase of PANC-1 cells increased by 10% compared to control cells, and the G1 phase of MIA-PaCa2 cells was increased by 2%. Whereas gemcitabine exerts antiproliferation effects through S-phase arrest, our results showed that berberine inhibited proliferation by inducing G1-phase arrest. Berberine-induced apoptosis of PANC-1 and MIA-PaCa2 cells increased by 7 and 2% compared to control cells, respectively. Notably, berberine had a greater apoptotic effect in PANC-1 cells than gemcitabine. Upon treatment of PANC-1 and MIA-PaCa2 with berberine at a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50), apoptosis was induced by a mechanism that involved the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) rather than caspase 3/7 activation. Our findings showed that berberine had anti-cancer effects and may be an effective drug for pancreatic cancer chemotherapy.
Assuntos
Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade , Psiquiatria Infantil/educação , Docentes , Deficiências da Aprendizagem , Competência Profissional/normas , Análise de Variância , Brasil , Estudos de Viabilidade , Instituições Acadêmicas , Autorrelato , Ajustamento Social , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer death. Gemcitabine is widely used as a chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of pancreatic cancer, but the prognosis is still poor. Berberine, an isoquinoline alkaloid extracted from a variety of natural herbs, possesses a variety of pharmacological properties including anticancer effects. In this study, we investigated the anticancer effects of berberine and compared its use with that of gemcitabine in the pancreatic cancer cell lines PANC-1 and MIA-PaCa2. Berberine inhibited cell growth in a dose-dependent manner by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. After berberine treatment, the G1 phase of PANC-1 cells increased by 10% compared to control cells, and the G1 phase of MIA-PaCa2 cells was increased by 2%. Whereas gemcitabine exerts antiproliferation effects through S-phase arrest, our results showed that berberine inhibited proliferation by inducing G1-phase arrest. Berberine-induced apoptosis of PANC-1 and MIA-PaCa2 cells increased by 7 and 2% compared to control cells, respectively. Notably, berberine had a greater apoptotic effect in PANC-1 cells than gemcitabine. Upon treatment of PANC-1 and MIA-PaCa2 with berberine at a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50), apoptosis was induced by a mechanism that involved the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) rather than caspase 3/7 activation. Our findings showed that berberine had anti-cancer effects and may be an effective drug for pancreatic cancer chemotherapy.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/uso terapêutico , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Berberina/uso terapêutico , Fase G1/efeitos dos fármacos , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/tratamento farmacológico , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Antimetabólitos Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Caspase 3/efeitos dos fármacos , Caspase 7/efeitos dos fármacos , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Desoxicitidina/análogos & derivados , Desoxicitidina/uso terapêutico , Citometria de Fluxo , Humanos , Fatores de Tempo , GencitabinaRESUMO
PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of radiotherapy and factors affecting the prognosis of gliomatosis cerebri. METHODS: Twenty-eight patients with pathologically confirmed gliomatosis cerebri underwent radiotherapy between August 1988 and September 2003. The median age of the patients was 39 years (range 18-67). Performance status was good (ECOG score ≤2) in 23 patients (82 %). The extent of radiotherapy was partial brain in 17 patients, whole brain in 2 patients, and whole brain followed by partial brain in 9 patients. The median radiation dose was 55.8 Gy (range 46.8-70.4). The median duration of follow-up was 136 months for survivors (range 39-191). RESULTS: The median overall and progression-free survival times of all patients were 20 and 11 months, respectively. When initial response to radiotherapy was grouped as improved, stationary, and aggravated, the median overall survival times in patients with improved, stationary, and aggravated responses were 76, 20, and 7 months, respectively (p = 0.0129). However, radiation parameters such as dose and irradiation volume had no impact on overall survival. On multivariate analysis, both performance status and initial response to radiotherapy were significant prognostic factors affecting overall survival (p = 0.0249 and 0.0065, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that gliomatosis cerebri could be effectively treated with radiotherapy and that initial response to radiotherapy was a significant prognostic factor affecting the survival.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Encefálicas/radioterapia , Neoplasias Neuroepiteliomatosas/radioterapia , Radioterapia/métodos , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Neoplasias Encefálicas/mortalidade , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias Neuroepiteliomatosas/mortalidade , Prognóstico , Modelos de Riscos Proporcionais , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto JovemRESUMO
The phylogeny of a phylogenetically poorly known family, Phytolaccaceae sensu lato (s.l.), was constructed for resolving conflicts concerning taxonomic delimitations. Cladistic analyses were made based on 44 sequences of the internal transcribed spacer of nuclear ribosomal DNA from 11 families (Aizoaceae, Basellaceae, Didiereaceae, Molluginaceae, Nyctaginaceae, Phytolaccaceae s.l., Polygonaceae, Portulacaceae, Sarcobataceae, Tamaricaceae, and Nepenthaceae) of the order Caryophyllales. The maximum parsimony tree from the analysis resolved a monophyletic group of the order Caryophyllales; however, the members, Agdestis, Anisomeria, Gallesia, Gisekia, Hilleria, Ledenbergia, Microtea, Monococcus, Petiveria, Phytolacca, Rivinia, Schindleria, Seguieria, Stegnosperma, and Trichostigma, which belong to the family Phytolaccaceae s.l., did not cluster under a single clade, demonstrating that Phytolaccaceae is polyphyletic.
Assuntos
DNA Espaçador Ribossômico/genética , Phytolaccaceae/genética , Núcleo Celular , DNA de Plantas/genética , Genes de Plantas , Tipagem de Sequências Multilocus , Filogenia , Phytolaccaceae/classificaçãoRESUMO
The nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences from 44 Indian Polygonum taxa were examined to investigate relationships among various sections proposed by earlier researchers. The maximum parsimony trees obtained from analysis of the ITS sequences suggested eight major groups of the Indian Polygonum spp. The relationships among different sections were largely congruent with those inferred from morphological characters as described by Hooker. Also, the treatment of the Persicaria suggested by Haraldson on the basis of anatomical characters proved to be nearly in line with that based on our molecular data. We provide a high resolution of phylogeny of the Himalayan Polygonum sensu lato and support merger of the section Amblygonon in the section Persicaria. Moreover, we made the first phylogenetic analysis of many of the less known Himalayan Polygonums, including Polygonum microcephalum, P. assamicum, P. recumbens, and P. effusum. Molecular differences were detected among Persicaria barbata collected from different geographical locations of India, although these were not differentiated at the morphological level.
Assuntos
DNA Espaçador Ribossômico/genética , Genes de Plantas , Folhas de Planta/genética , Polygonum/genética , DNA de Plantas/genética , Índia , Filogenia , Análise de Sequência de DNARESUMO
To determine the usefulness of MspI/int22h-1 (intron 22 homologous region-1) polymorphism of the factor VIII gene for molecular genetic diagnosis of hemophilia A in the Korean population, MspI/intron 22 and XbaI/intron 22 polymorphisms were analyzed in 101 unrelated Korean families with severe hemophilia A. The expected heterozygosity rates of MspI/int22h-1 and XbaI/int22h-1 polymorphisms were 49.5 and 43.6%, respectively; these polymorphisms were not in complete linkage disequilibrium. Combined analysis using both polymorphisms provided an informative rate of 66.3%. These results suggest that PCR analysis of the MspI/int22h-1 polymorphism of the factor VIII gene would be useful for carrier detection and prenatal diagnosis of hemophilia A in the Korean population.
Assuntos
Povo Asiático/genética , Fator VIII/genética , Hemofilia A/diagnóstico , Hemofilia A/genética , Desoxirribonuclease HpaII/metabolismo , Desoxirribonucleases de Sítio Específico do Tipo II/metabolismo , Testes Genéticos/métodos , Humanos , Íntrons/genética , Desequilíbrio de Ligação , Polimorfismo de Fragmento de Restrição , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , República da Coreia , Análise de Sequência de DNARESUMO
The outcome of 32 patients with 33 primary total hip replacements performed using noncemented uncoated polyethylene acetabular cups (RM cup) with cemented titanium alloy monoblock stems (STH-2 stem) was reviewed. At a mean followup of 6.3 years (range, 6 months-10 years), the failure rate was 57%, more than 14 times higher than the rate typically seen with cemented polyethylene acetabular cups used with the STH stem. Failure was characterized by rapidly progressive acetabular or femoral osteolytic lesions that resulted in extensive bone loss, often in patients who had no symptoms. In addition to the debris that typically is generated by a metal on plastic bearing couple, an abundance of polyethylene particles of submicron size were produced at the cup-bone interface. Tissues retrieved from areas of osteolysis revealed the presence of intracellular submicron polyethylene particles in macrophages. It is recommended that patients with no symptoms who have RM noncemented, uncoated acetabular cups be followed up yearly and undergo early revision surgery when faced with osteolysis to prevent extensive bone loss.
Assuntos
Acetábulo/cirurgia , Artroplastia de Quadril , Prótese de Quadril , Polietilenos , Desenho de Prótese , Falha de Prótese , Ligas , Cimentação , Feminino , Fêmur/cirurgia , Seguimentos , Corpos Estranhos/etiologia , Corpos Estranhos/patologia , Humanos , Macrófagos/patologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Osteólise/etiologia , Tamanho da Partícula , Polietilenos/efeitos adversos , Reoperação , Estudos Retrospectivos , Titânio , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Status of intestinal protozoan and helminthic infections was surveyed in mestizo population living in rural parish of Palmar and its nearby recintos(villages). Three of the surveyed villages were at the Pacific coast and 5 villages were in inner pasture land, located about 100 km west of Guayaquil, the second largest city in Ecuador. One stool sample was examined by one cellophane thick smear for helminth ova and one direct smear stained with Lugol's iodine solution for protozoan cysts. Of 325 persons examined, 66.1% were positive for any ova or cyst. The positive rates were: 18.1% for Ascaris lumbricoides, 19.4% for Trichuris trichiura, 0.6% for hookworm, 3.7% for Hymenolepsis nana, 1.8% for Taenia sp., 19.4% for Entamoeba histolytica, 28.6% for Entamoeba coli, 5.5% for Endolimax nana, 1.5% for Iodamoeba buetschlii, 11.1% for Giardia lamblia and 0.6% for Chilomastix mesnili. Poor supply of potable water was considered the main cause of high prevalence of intestinal protozoan infections.