RESUMO
Capsiate and phenolics present in the free, esterified, glycosylated, and insoluble-bound forms of BRS Moema peppers were characterized and quantified using UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS. Additionally, the in vitro antiproliferative activity of BRS Moema extract was evaluated. The peppers showed considerable quantities of capsiate and phenolic compounds. Esterified phenolics were the main fraction, followed by the insoluble-bound fraction, indicating that relying solely on the extraction of soluble phenolics may underestimate the total phenolic content. Among the fourteen phenolics identified in extract fractions, gallic acid was the major constituent. Phenolic fractions displayed high antioxidant capacity by TEAC and ORAC assays. Nevertheless, the correlation between phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity suggested that other bioactive or phenolic compounds may contribute to the overall phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity of the obtained fractions. Concerning the antiproliferative activity, the extract did not exhibit any effect on cell proliferation within the evaluated concentration range. These findings indicated that BRS Moema peppers can serve as a rich source of phenolic compounds. Therefore, fully utilizing them could bring advantages to the food and pharmaceutical industries, as well as to consumers and producers.
Assuntos
Capsicum , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/química , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/química , Fenóis/químicaRESUMO
Grumixama (Eugenia brasiliensis Lam.) are red-colored fruits due to the presence of anthocyanins. In this paper, anthocyanin-rich extracts from grumixama were submitted to different temperatures and light irradiations, with the aim of investigating their stabilities. The thermal stability data indicated that a temperature range from 60 to 80 °C was critical to the stability of the anthocyanins of the grumixama extracts, with a temperature quotient value (Q10) of 2.8 and activation energy (Ea) of 52.7 kJ/mol. The anthocyanin-rich extracts of grumixama fruits showed the highest stability during exposure to incandescent irradiation (50 W), followed by fluorescent radiation (10 W). The t1/2 and k were 59.6 h and 0.012 h-1 for incandescent light, and 45.6 h and 0.015 h-1 for fluorescent light. In turn, UV irradiation (25 W) quickly degraded the anthocyanins (t1/2 = 0.18 h and k = 3.74 h-1). Therefore, grumixama fruits, and their derived products, should be handled carefully to avoid high temperature (>50 °C) and UV light exposure in order to protect the anthocyanins from degradation. Furthermore, grumixama fruits showed high contents of anthocyanins that can be explored as natural dyes; for example, by food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. In addition, the results of this study may contribute to the setting of processing conditions and storage conditions for grumixama-derived fruit products.
RESUMO
Anthocyanins are naturally occurring phytochemicals that have attracted growing interest from consumers and the food industry due to their multiple biological properties and technological applications. Nevertheless, conventional extraction techniques based on thermal technologies can compromise both the recovery and stability of anthocyanins, reducing their global yield and/or limiting their application in food systems. The current review provides an overview of the main innovative processes (e.g., pulsed electric field, microwave, and ultrasound) used to recover anthocyanins from agri-food waste/by-products and the mechanisms involved in anthocyanin extraction and their impacts on the stability of these compounds. Moreover, trends and perspectives of anthocyanins' applications in food systems, such as antioxidants, natural colorants, preservatives, and active and smart packaging components, are addressed. Challenges behind anthocyanin implementation in food systems are displayed and potential solutions to overcome these drawbacks are proposed.
Assuntos
Antocianinas/química , Antocianinas/isolamento & purificação , Produtos Agrícolas/química , Manipulação de Alimentos , Antocianinas/farmacologia , Produtos Biológicos/química , Produtos Biológicos/isolamento & purificação , Produtos Biológicos/farmacologia , Indústria Alimentícia , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Estrutura Molecular , Compostos Fitoquímicos/química , Compostos Fitoquímicos/isolamento & purificação , Compostos Fitoquímicos/farmacologia , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
The Eugenia calycina Cambess, also known as pitanga-do-cerrado, is an unexplored Brazilian fruit used by native people for the treatment of diabetes. The aim of this study was to identify the phenolic compounds from the leaves, pulp and seed of Eugenia calycina by using LC-MS-based targeted and untargeted analysis. The LC-MS-based targeted quantitative analysis showed a high phenolic content in all plant parts in which the ellagic acid was the main phenolic compound with values of 8244.53 µg/g dw (leaves), 5054.43 µg/g dw (pulp) and 715.42 µg/g dw (seed). The leaves, pulp and seed showed a high total phenolic content of 20371.96, 7139.70 and 2204.75 µg/g dw, respectively. In addition, the LC-MS-based targeted analysis showed ellagic acid, myricitrin and epicatechin gallate as the main phenolic compounds in the Eugenia calycina. The LC-MS-based untargeted analysis showed the phytochemical profile of the leaves, pulp and seed in which 153 phytochemicals from different chemical classes were annotated, including organic acids, phenolic acids, flavonoids, and other compounds. The Eugenia calycina has high potential as a plant-based food due to its phytochemical profile and high phenolic content.
Assuntos
Eugenia , Brasil , Cromatografia Líquida , Humanos , Extratos Vegetais , Folhas de Planta , Sementes , Espectrometria de Massas em TandemRESUMO
Iridoid blue-based pigments can be found in fruits of genipap (Genipa americana L.). Besides being a potential source of natural blue colorant in the food industry, they have also been associated with pharmacological effects. Therefore, the recovery of iridoids by ultrasound-assisted extraction from both unripe and ripe fruits was analysed by UPLC-DAD-ESI-(-)-QTOF-MS/MS. Nine iridoids were identified from their exact masses and fragmentation pattern, namely geniposidic acid, gardenoside, genipin-1-ß-gentiobioside, geniposide, 6''-O-p-coumaroyl-1-ß-gentiobioside geniposidic acid, 6''-O-p-coumaroylgenipin-gentiobioside, genipin, 6'-O-p-coumaroyl-geniposidic acid and 6'-O-feruloyl-geniposidic acid. Among them, genipin (60.77 mg/g fdw) was found to be the most abundant iridoid in unripe genipap extract, while the ripe genipap extract mainly contained geniposide and geniposidic acid (89.48 and 25.04 mg/g fdw, respectively). It was also observed that the iridoids of the unripe genipap extract are able to scavenger DPPH, ABTS and peroxyl radicals as well as exerting a cytostatic effect against both glioma and breast cancer cell lines. This study provided information about the properties of unripe and ripe genipap extracts which can be used as a reference for further studies focusing on the potential application of G. americana L. in commercial products containing natural blue colorant with functional claims.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes , Frutas , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Iridoides , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Espectrometria de Massas em TandemRESUMO
Araticum (Annona crassiflora Mart.) is a native fruit from Brazilian Cerrado widely used by folk medicine. Nevertheless, the biological effects of its seeds and peel have not been extensively evaluated. We evaluate herein the antioxidant, antiproliferative and healing potential of araticum peel and seeds extracts. HPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis showed flavonoids, namely epicatechin and quercetin, as the main compounds in peel and seeds extracts, respectively. These extracts showed high content of phenolic compounds (7254.46 and 97.74 µg/g extract) and, as consequence, high antioxidant capacity. Interesting, the seeds extract was more effective than peel extract against all tested cancer cells, especially on NCI-ADR/RES (multidrug resistant ovary adenocarcinoma) cell line. In the cell migration assay by using HaCaT (keratinocyte), the seeds extract induced migration, while the peel extract showed an inhibitory effect. In this way, phenolic content could be related to antioxidant capacity, but it was not related to antiproliferative and healing effect. The araticum seeds extract showed an interesting response to in vitro biological assay although of its low content of phenolic compounds. Unidentified compounds, such as alkaloids and annonaceous acetogenins could be related to it. Araticum has potential to be used as therapeutic plant especially as antiproliferative and healing drug.
Assuntos
Annona , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Brasil , Sementes , Espectrometria de Massas em TandemRESUMO
Guazuma ulmifolia Lam. (Malvaceae), popularly known as mutamba and guácimo, is a tree found in the Latina America, especially in Brazil and Mexico. Mutamba tree has been used as traditional medicine to treat several pathological conditions, such as diarrhoea, coughs, and gastrointestinal and cardiovascular disorders. Phytochemical studies on this plant have resulted in the discovery of secondary metabolites that have shown bioactivities, including antimicrobial, antiprotozoal, antioxidant, and antidiarrheal activities, and cardioprotective effect. The traditional uses of G. ulmifolia have been experimentally proved by in vitro and in vivo studies, in which its bioactivities were associated to its phytochemical composition, mainly proanthocyanidins dimer B and trimer C (condensed tannins). The current review assesses and summarizes the progress about the phytochemical and healthy properties of G. ulmifolia published until 2019. This review intends to present the current knowledge and perspectives about G. ulmifolia and its potential use as food and therapeutic plant.