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Alterations in cognitive and non-cognitive cerebral functions characterize Alzheimer's disease (AD). Cortical and hippocampal impairments related to extracellular accumulation of Aß in AD animal models have been extensively investigated. However, recent reports have also implicated intracellular Aß in limbic regions, such as the nucleus accumbens (nAc). Accumbal neurons express high levels of inhibitory glycine receptors (GlyRs) that are allosterically modulated by ethanol and have a role in controlling its intake. In the present study, we investigated how GlyRs in the 2xTg mice (AD model) affect nAc functions and ethanol intake behavior. Using transgenic and control aged-matched litter mates, we found that the GlyRα2 subunit was significantly decreased in AD mice (6-month-old). We also examined intracellular calcium dynamics using the fluorescent calcium protein reporter GCaMP in slice photometry. We also found that the calcium signal mediated by GlyRs, but not GABAAR, was also reduced in AD neurons. Additionally, ethanol potentiation was significantly decreased in accumbal neurons in the AD mice. Finally, we performed drinking in the dark (DID) experiments and found that 2xTg mice consumed less ethanol on the last day of DID, in agreement with a lower blood ethanol concentration. 2xTg mice also showed lower sucrose consumption, indicating that overall food reward was altered. In conclusion, the data support the role of GlyRs in nAc neuron excitability and a decreased glycinergic activity in the 2xTg mice that might lead to impairment in reward processing at an early stage of the disease.

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PURPOSE: We aimed to describe the clinical, immunological, and genetic features of patients with DOCK8 deficiency (DOCK8-Def) in a tertiary care center for children. METHODS: Retrospective chart review of patients' clinical, immunological, and genetic characteristics with DOCK8-Def. Genetic analysis was performed with targeted- or whole-exome sequencing; we also assessed DOCK8 protein expression and a lymphoproliferation assay and analyzed survival by the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: We described 11 patients from 8 unrelated kindreds. The median age at symptoms' onset was 10 months (range 1-54 months). The median follow-up time was 53.4 months (4.8-118.8). All patients presented eczema and recurrent sinopulmonary and cutaneous infections. Besides those symptoms, the most frequent manifestations were bronchiectases (8/11), food allergies (6/11), and severe infections (6/11). Infrequent characteristics were detection of CMV in bronchial lavage, C. parvum-driven sclerosing cholangitis, Takayasu vasculitis, neurological syndromes, pulmonary tuberculosis, and lymphomatoid granulomatosis. CONCLUSION: DOCK8-Def has a broad spectrum of manifestations, including allergy, autoimmunity, inflammation, infection, and cancer. The hallmark of this inborn error of immunity is IEI-associated eczema with eosinophilia and increased IgE. Here, we report six new mutations causing human DOCK8 deficiency and symptoms previously unrecognized to occur in DOCK8-Def. Therefore, an early diagnosis of DOCK8-Def is essential to facilitate an adequate treatment such as HSCT.

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Consumers prefer food products that, in addition to nutritional properties, also have effects beneficial to health. Non-conventional food plants such as canary seed (Phalaris canariensis) constitute an alternative in the food industry due to nutritional properties, chemical, and bioactive potential. The aim of this research was to develop pancake formulations with the inclusion of canary seed flour to evaluate their proximate composition, overall score, taste and texture sensory acceptability, and glycemic index. Pancakes based on whole-wheat flour mixed with canary seed flour were developed at four substitution levels (control 0, 10, 30, and 50%). The formulations exhibited attractive nutritional properties, mainly due to the levels of protein (~ 8.7%), minerals (~ 5.1%), and total dietary fiber (4.7-5.9%). The overall score and taste showed a statistical difference (p < 0.05) between the formulations. The flours with 10 and 30% showed high sensory acceptability with scores of 6.22 and 6.67 respect to 7-point hedonic scale, between the categories "I like it" and "I like it a lot". All formulations presented a low glycemic index (34-39%) that was significantly influenced (p < 0.05) as the level of substitution increased. The findings represent a new approach to the use of canary seed in the development of healthy food products.

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INTRODUCTION: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects 3% of children in the world. OBJECTIVE: In this work, we seek to compare the different brain activations of pediatric patients with and without ADHD. METHODS: A functional resonance examination with BOLD contrast was applied using the MOXO-CPT test (Continuous Performance test with single and double visual-auditory distractors). RESULTS: Differences in BOLD activation were observed indicating that control children regularly presented negative BOLD activations that were not found in children with ADHD. Inhibitory activity in audiovisual association zones in control patients was greater than in patients with ADHD. The inhibition in the frontal and motor regions in the controls contrasted with the overactivation of the motor areas in patients with ADHD, this, together with the detection of cerebellar activation which attempted to modulate the responses of the different areas that lead to executive failure in patients with ADHD. CONCLUSIONS: In view of these results, it can be argued that the lack of inhibition of ADHD patients in their executive functions led to a disorganization of the different brain systems.

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El sano desarrollo sexual de los adolescentes tendrá como consecuencia una buena relación autoestima-sexualidad y una identidad sexual definida. Caracterizar la relación autoestima-sexualidad en los adolescentes de la Secundaria Básica "Paquito Rosales Benítez" del municipio Manzanillo en la provincia Granma. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal en el mes de junio del 2023. La muestra está integrada por los 113 estudiantes de noveno grado que representan el 31,9 %de la población de los alumnos de secundaria básica, esta muestra se selecciona de forma intencional. Se utiliza la Escala de Autoestima de Rosenberg. Sobre sexualidad se utiliza la encuesta, "Actitud hacia la sexualidad en el adolescente de la escuela básica "Emirio Fuen Mayor" y colegio la Salle, Mérida, 2003". El 60,2 % de los adolescentes tienen un nivel de autoestima baja. El sexo femenino presentó un 33,6 % con autoestima baja. El 23 % que alcanzar con un nivel de autoestima bajo; de ellos el10,6 % tuvieron una actitud sexual moderadamente objetiva. El 38,1 % que viven con la madre tienen una autoestima media. El 46,9 % son de padres divorciados con autoestima media. El 31,8 % del sexo femenino tienen una actitud sexual moderadamente objetiva. El 32,7 % que viven con sus madres tienen una actitud sexual moderadamente objetiva. El 28,3 % con actitud moderadamente objetiva sus padres son casados. Existe una relación significativa entre el nivel de autoestima y la actitud sexual de los adolescentes.

The healthy sexual development of adolescents will result in a good relationship between self-esteem and sexuality and a defined sexual identity. To characterize the self-esteem-sexuality relationship in adolescents of the "Paquito Rosales Benítez" Basic Secondary School in the municipality of Manzanillo in the province of Granma. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in June 2023. The sample is made up of the 113 ninth grade students who represent 31.9% of the population of elementary school students, this sample is selected intentionally. The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale is used. On sexuality, the survey is used, "Attitude towards sexuality in the adolescent of the basic school "EmirioFuen Mayor" and school La Salle, Mérida, 2003". The 60,2% of adolescents have a low level of self-esteem. The female sex presented a 33,6% with low self-esteem. 23,0% who achieved a low level of self-esteem; of these, 10,6% had a moderately objective sexual attitude. 38,1% who live with the mother have an average self-esteem. 46,9% are divorced parents with average self-esteem. 31.8% of females have a moderately objective sexual attitude. 32,7% who live with their mothers have a moderately objective sexual attitude. 28,3% with a moderately objective attitude their parents are married.There is a significant relationship between the level of self-esteem and the sexual attitude of adolescents.

O desenvolvimento sexual saudável dos adolescentes resultará emuma boa relação entre autoestima e sexualidade e uma identidde sexual definida. Caracterizar a relação entre autoestima e sexualidade em adolescentes da Escola Secundária Básica Paquito Rosales Benítez, no município de Manzanillo, província de Granma. Trata-se de estudo transversal descritivo, realizado emjunho de 2023. A amostra é composta por 113 alunos do nono ano que representam 31,9% da população de alunos do ensino fundamental e o ensino fundamental é selecionado intencionalmente. Utiliza-se a Escala de Autoestima de Rosenberg. Sobre sexualidade, utiliza-se a pesquisa "Atitude frente à sexualidade no adolescente da escola primária Émirio Fuen e da escola La Salle, Mérida, 2003". 60,2% dos adolescentes apresentam baixo nível de autoestima. Um total de 33,6% das mulheres apresentou baixa autoestima. 23% que atingiram baixo nível de autoestima; Destes, 10,6% tinha matitude sexual moderadamente objetiva. 38,1% que moram com a mãe têm autoestima média. 46,9% são de pais divorciados com autoestima média. 31,8% das mulheres têm uma atitude sexual moderadamente objetiva. 32,7% que moram com a mãe têm uma atitude sexual moderadamente objetiva. 28,3% com atitude moderadamente objetiva seus paissão casados. Existe umarelação significativa entre o nível de autoestima e a atitude sexual dos adolescentes.

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Obesity is a troubling public health problem as it increases risks of sleep disorders, respiratory complications, systemic arterial hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and metabolic syndrome (MetS). As a measure to counteract comorbidities associated with severe obesity, bariatric surgery stands out. This study aimed to investigate the adiponectin/leptin ratio in women with severe obesity with and without MetS who had undergone Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and to characterize the biochemical, glucose, and inflammatory parameters of blood in women with severe obesity before and after RYGB. Were enrolled females with severe obesity undergoing RYGP with MetS (n = 11) and without (n = 39). Anthropometric data and circulating levels of glucose, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), non-HDL total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), adiponectin, and leptin were assessed before and 6 months after RYGB. Significant reductions in weight, body mass index, and glucose, total cholesterol, LDL, and leptin were observed after surgery, with higher levels of HDL, adiponectin, and adiponectin/leptin ratio being observed after surgery compared to the preoperative values of those. This study demonstrated that weight loss induced by RYGB in patients with severe obesity with or without MetS improved biochemical and systemic inflammatory parameters, particularly the adiponectin/leptin ratio.

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BACKGROUND: Evidence shows that greenspace exposure benefits children's health and cognitive development. However, evidence assessing this association in young children in low- and middle-income economies is scarce. OBJECTIVE: To assess the association between exposure to greenness and cognitive performance in pre-pubertal boys living in Mexico City. METHODS: Cross-sectional study using data from 144 boys aged 6-11 years living in Mexico City in 2017 and enrolled in the "MetCog" study. Cognitive performance was evaluated through selected Wechsler Scale for Intelligence in Children Fourth Edition (WISC-IV) and Neuropsychological Assessment of Children (Evaluación Neuropsicológica Infantil, ENI) tests. Exposure to greenness was assessed through Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) at 300, 500, 1500, 2000, and 3000 m buffer zones from children's residences. Multiple linear regression analysis was undertaken to assess associations between cognitive performance and greenness (aß) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) and adjusted for potential confounding variables. Significance was set at q < 0.05 after False Discovery Rate (FDR) correction. RESULTS: A positive association was found between the NDVI Interquartile Range (IQR) at 2000 m and the WISC-IV block design test score (aß 2000 = 1.18, 95% CI = 0.31, 2.06; q < 0.05), which assesses perceptual reasoning. Positive associations were found with NDVI IQR at 1500 m and WISC-IV block design (aß1500 = 1.00, 95% CI = 0.14, 1.86) and matrix reasoning (aß1500 = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.06, 1.61) scores, but neither survived FDR correction. No significant associations were found between NDVI IQR at any buffer size with other WISC-IV and ENI task scores. CONCLUSIONS: Greater exposure to greenness was associated with higher perceptual reasoning skills in 144 pre-pubertal boys living in Mexico City. Thus, urban planning should consider increasing vegetation in megacities, especially in neighbourhoods with high percentages of young children.

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For more than 20 years, Saccharomyces cerevisiae has served as a model organism for genetic studies and molecular biology, as well as a platform for biotechnology (e.g., wine production). One of the important ecological niches of this yeast that has been extensively studied is wine fermentation, a complex microbiological process in which S. cerevisiae faces various stresses such as limited availability of nitrogen. Nitrogen deficiencies in grape juice impair fermentation rate and yeast biomass production, leading to sluggish or stuck fermentations, resulting in considerable economic losses for the wine industry. In the present work, we took advantage of the "1002 Yeast Genomes Project" population, the most complete catalogue of the genetic variation in the species and a powerful resource for genotype-phenotype correlations, to study the adaptation to nitrogen limitation in wild and domesticated yeast strains in the context of wine fermentation. We found that wild and domesticated yeast strains have different adaptations to nitrogen limitation, corroborating their different evolutionary trajectories. Using a combination of state-of-the-art bioinformatic (GWAS) and molecular biology (CRISPR-Cas9) methodologies, we validated that PNP1, RRT5 and PDR12 are implicated in wine fermentation, where RRT5 and PDR12 are also involved in yeast adaptation to nitrogen limitation. In addition, we validated SNPs in these genes leading to differences in fermentative capacities and adaptation to nitrogen limitation. Altogether, the mapped genetic variants have potential applications for the genetic improvement of industrial yeast strains.

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