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INTRODUCTION: Hemorrhage is a leading cause of death in trauma. Prehospital hemorrhage control techniques include tourniquet application for extremity wounds and direct compression; however, tourniquets are not effective in anatomic junctions, and direct compression is highly operator dependent. Balloon catheter compression has been employed previously in trauma care, but its use has been confined to the operating room and restricted to specific anatomic injuries. METHODS: In a single-center retrospective review, we describe a technique for balloon catheter compression for hemorrhage control that can be employed across the continuum of trauma care, from the prehospital setting to the trauma bay, the operating room, and postoperative period. RESULTS: Of 18,303 trauma patients in Venezuela, 45% of the 1757 patients with vascular injuries received Foley catheter compression for hemorrhage control. Of these catheters, the majority (75%) were placed in the emergency department, 5% in the prehospital setting, and 20% in the operating room. Over half (53.2%) of the balloon catheters were placed for hemorrhage control in non-compressible anatomic junctions. CONCLUSIONS: Foley catheter balloon compression is a useful addition to a provider's arsenal of hemorrhage control techniques, as it is effective in anatomic junctions, preserves collateral circulation through focused compression, and requires minimal active physical attention to maintain hemostasis.
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Anal squamous cell carcinoma (ASCC) is a rare gastrointestinal malignancy linked to high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, which develops from precursor lesions like low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HGSILs). ASCC incidence varies across populations and poses increased risk for people living with HIV. Our investigation focused on transcriptomic and metatranscriptomic changes from squamous intraepithelial lesions to ASCC. Metatranscriptomic analysis highlighted specific bacterial species (e.g., Fusobacterium nucleatum, Bacteroides fragilis) more prevalent in ASCC than precancerous lesions. These species correlated with gene-encoding enzymes (Acca, glyQ, eno, pgk, por) and oncoproteins (FadA, dnaK), presenting potential diagnostic or treatment markers. Unsupervised transcriptomic analysis identified distinct sample clusters reflecting histological diagnosis, immune infiltrate, HIV/HPV status, and pathway activities, recapitulating anal cancer progression's natural history. Our study unveiled molecular mechanisms in anal cancer progression, aiding in stratifying HGSIL cases based on low or high risk of progression to malignancy.
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Neoplasias do Ânus , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas , Transcriptoma , Humanos , Neoplasias do Ânus/genética , Neoplasias do Ânus/imunologia , Neoplasias do Ânus/patologia , Neoplasias do Ânus/virologia , Neoplasias do Ânus/microbiologia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/genética , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/imunologia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/microbiologia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patologia , Microbiota/imunologia , Masculino , Infecções por Papillomavirus/complicações , Infecções por Papillomavirus/genética , Infecções por Papillomavirus/virologia , Infecções por Papillomavirus/imunologia , Lesões Intraepiteliais Escamosas/genética , Lesões Intraepiteliais Escamosas/patologia , Lesões Intraepiteliais Escamosas/virologia , Feminino , Progressão da Doença , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Infecções por HIV/complicações , Infecções por HIV/imunologiaRESUMO
Introducción: "Infodemia" define a aquella información que se divulga rápidamente y sin mayor evidencia, ocasionando desinformación y malos hábitos sanitarios. Objetivo: Caracterizar a las personas mayores con respecto a salud mental e infodemia. Materiales y métodos: estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo, transversal. Muestra no probabilística, conformada por 195 personas mayores, quienes respondieron cuestionario telefónico u online para: Infodemia, Escala de Estrés Percibido, Escala de Depresión Geriátrica Yesavage e Inventario de Ansiedad Generalizada. Previa aceptación de consentimiento informado. Estudio fue aprobado por Comité ético acreditado. Resultados: 58% fueron mujeres, 90% se encontraban jubilados y/o pensionados. El 65% percibía un sueldo igual o menor a US 300. El promedio de horas destinado a información por Covid-19 fue de 5±2,5. La mayoría se sintió afectado/a física y psicológicamente por las noticias. Casi el 30% de los encuestados refirió miedo y ansiedad frente al número de muertos e infectados. 65% se sintió estresado, 9% presentó depresión grave y 20% mostró ansiedad generalizada en este periodo. Discusión: la población mundial está envejeciendo y durante la pandemia fueron los más vulnerables a Covid-19. Este grupo se sintió afectado física y psicológicamente por la información recibida y por ello se requiere romper el ciclo de la desinformación, siendo los profesionales de enfermería los más idóneos para ello. Conclusiones: Las personas mayores se sintieron afectadas por la Infodemia. Se requiere del trabajo multidisciplinario para hacer frente a esta problemática, reforzando la alfabetización para la salud, como estrategia para que las personas mayores logren discriminar la exorbitante información de salud circulante.
Introduction: "Infodemic" defines information that is disseminated quickly and without further evidence, causing misinformation and bad health habits. Objective: Characterize older people with respect to mental health and infodemic. Materials and methods: quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study. Non-probabilistic sample, made up of 195 older people, who answered a telephone or online questionnaire for: Infodemic, Perceived Stress Scale, Yesavage Geriatric Depression Scale and Generalized Anxiety Inventory. Prior acceptance of informed consent. Study was approved by an accredited ethical committee. Results: 58% were women, 90% were retired and/or pensioners. 65% received a salary equal to or less than US 300. The average number of hours allocated to Covid-19 information was 5±2.5. The majority felt physically and psychologically affected by the news. Almost 30% of those surveyed reported fear and anxiety regarding the number of deaths and infections. 65% felt stressed, 9% presented severe depression and 20% showed generalized anxiety in this period. Discussion: The world's population is aging and during the pandemic they were the most vulnerable to Covid-19. This group felt physically and psychologically affected by the information received and therefore it is necessary to break the cycle of misinformation, with nursing professionals being the most suitable for this. Conclusions: Older people felt affected by the Infodemic. Multidisciplinary work is required to address this problem, reinforcing health literacy, as a strategy for older people to be able to discriminate the exorbitant circulating health information.
Introdução: "Infodemia" define informações que são divulgadas rapidamente e sem maiores evidências, causando desinformação e maus hábitos de saúde. Os idosos foram os mais vulneráveis aos efeitos da Covid-19, pouco se sabe sobre a sua saúde mental e a infodemia neste período. Objetivo: Caracterizar os idosos quanto à saúde mental e à infodemia. Materiais e métodos: estudo quantitativo, descritivo, transversal. Amostra não probabilística, composta por 195 idosos, que responderam a questionário telefônico ou online de: Infodemia, Escala de Estresse Percebido, Escala de Depressão Geriátrica de Yesavage e Inventário de Ansiedade Generalizada. Aceitação prévia do consentimento informado. O estudo foi aprovado por um comitê de ética credenciado. Resultados: 58% eram mulheres, 90% eram aposentadas e/ou pensionistas. 65% recebiam um salário igual ou inferior a US$ 300. O número médio de horas destinadas à informação sobre a Covid-19 foi de 5±2,5. A maioria sentiu-se física e psicologicamente afetada pela notícia. Quase 30% dos entrevistados relataram medo e ansiedade em relação ao número de mortes e infecções. 65% sentiram-se estressados, 9% apresentaram depressão grave e 20% apresentaram ansiedade generalizada neste período. Discussão: A população mundial está envelhecendo edurante a pandemia eles eram os mais vulneráveis à Covid-19. Este grupo sentiu-se afetado física e psicologicamente pelas informações recebidas e por isso é necessário quebrar o ciclo de desinformação, sendo os profissionais de enfermagem os mais indicados para isso. Conclusões: Os idosos sentiram-se afetados pela Infodemia. É necessário um trabalho multidisciplinar para resolver este problema, reforçando a literacia em saúde, como estratégia para que os idosos consigam discriminar a exorbitante informação de saúde que circula.
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Humanos , Idoso , Saúde Mental , Informação de Saúde ao Consumidor , Comunicação em Saúde , COVID-19 , Infodemia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , ChileRESUMO
Sugarcane production has been linked to the release of heavy metals and metalloids (HM/MTs) into the environment, raising concerns about potential health risks. This study aimed to assess the levels of 19 HM/MTs in children living near a sugarcane mill through a pilot biomonitoring investigation. We investigated sex-related differences in these element levels and their correlations. A cross-sectional study was conducted, analyzing data from 20 children in the latter part of 2023. Spearman correlation coefficients with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the relationships between urinary HM/MT levels. Detectable levels of 17 out of the 19 HM/MTs were found across the entire study sample, with arsenic and copper detectable in 95% of the children. Titanium exhibited higher levels in boys compared to girls (p = 0.017). We identified 56 statistically significant correlations, with 51 of them being positive, while the remaining coefficients indicated negative relationships. This study characterized HM/MT levels in school-aged children residing near a sugarcane mill through a pilot biomonitoring investigation. Further research employing larger sample sizes and longitudinal assessments would enhance our understanding of the dynamics and health impacts of HM/MT exposure in this vulnerable population.
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Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) may derive from Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV)-infected human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) that migrate to sites characterized by inflammation and angiogenesis, promoting the initiation of KS. By analyzing the RNA sequences of KSHV-infected primary hMSCs, we have identified specific cell subpopulations, mechanisms, and conditions involved in the initial stages of KSHV-induced transformation and reprogramming of hMSCs into KS progenitor cells. Under proangiogenic environmental conditions, KSHV can reprogram hMSCs to exhibit gene expression profiles more similar to KS tumors, activating cell cycle progression, cytokine signaling pathways, endothelial differentiation, and upregulating KSHV oncogenes indicating the involvement of KSHV infection in inducing the mesenchymal-to-endothelial (MEndT) transition of hMSCs. This finding underscores the significance of this condition in facilitating KSHV-induced proliferation and reprogramming of hMSCs towards MEndT and closer to KS gene expression profiles, providing further evidence of these cell subpopulations as precursors of KS cells that thrive in a proangiogenic environment.
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Herpesvirus Humano 8 , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais , Sarcoma de Kaposi , Humanos , Herpesvirus Humano 8/fisiologia , Herpesvirus Humano 8/genética , Sarcoma de Kaposi/virologia , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais/virologia , Diferenciação Celular , Células Cultivadas , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Proliferação de CélulasRESUMO
Cerebrospinal fluid opening pressure values are associated with various neurologic diseases; however, numerous factors can modify this measurement. This study aims to describe factors related to modifications in opening pressure measurements in pediatric patients. Methods: A retrospective analysis of lumbar punctures in pediatric patients conducted by the neuropediatrics group with institutional standardization. Bivariate and linear regression analyses were performed to determine the association between opening pressure and variables included in the study. Results: 544 events, median age 107 months, median opening pressure 19.7â cm H2O. Bivariate analysis found no association with medication use; anesthetics that increased opening pressure were remifentanil (P = .02) and propofol (P = .05), along with a positive linear correlation between opening pressure and age (P < .0001). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that age, BMI, male gender, and remifentanil use were associated with an increase in opening pressure, whereas corticosteroid withdrawal was associated with a reduction in opening pressure. There is an interaction between age and headache, with an association with increased opening pressure up to around 140 months. Conclusion: This study identifies factors associated with changes in opening pressure, crucial for estimating normal opening pressure values in children. Headaches, anesthetic use, and corticosteroid withdrawal are confirmed as significant factors.
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Pressão do Líquido Cefalorraquidiano , Cefaleia , Punção Espinal , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Estudos Retrospectivos , Pressão do Líquido Cefalorraquidiano/fisiologia , Pré-Escolar , Adolescente , Cefaleia/fisiopatologia , Lactente , Punção Espinal/métodos , Fatores EtáriosRESUMO
High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) removes cholesterol, an essential component in lipid rafts, and this cholesterol removal can regulate protein attachment to lipid rafts, modulating their functionality in the immune cell response. Although severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection can alter the lipid profile, there is little information on the role of HDL-c and other lipids in prognostic of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Mexican population. This study aims to evaluate the predictive value of HDL-c and lipid profile on severity and survival of 102 patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 during the COVID-19 first wave. Our findings, derived from univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models, highlighted age and hypertension as significant predictors of survival (HR = 1.04, p = 0.012; HR = 2.78, p = 0.027), while gender, diabetes, and obesity showed no significant impact. Triglycerides and HDL-c levels notably influenced mortality, with elevated triglycerides and lower HDL-c associated with higher mortality risk (p = 0.032). This study underscores the importance of lipid profiles alongside traditional risk factors in assessing COVID-19 risk and outcomes. It contributes to the understanding of COVID-19 patient management and emphasizes the need for further investigation into the role of dyslipidemia in influencing COVID-19 prognosis, potentially aiding in refined risk stratification and therapeutic strategies.
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COVID-19 , HDL-Colesterol , SARS-CoV-2 , Humanos , COVID-19/mortalidade , COVID-19/sangue , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , HDL-Colesterol/sangue , Adulto , Idoso , SARS-CoV-2/isolamento & purificação , Fatores de Risco , Triglicerídeos/sangue , Prognóstico , Lipídeos/sangue , México/epidemiologia , Dislipidemias/sangue , Modelos de Riscos Proporcionais , Hipertensão/sangueRESUMO
During the COVID-19 pandemic, a considerable proportion of patients developed a severe condition that included respiratory failure, shock, or multiple organ dysfunction. Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) has been recognized as a possible cause of severe COVID-19 development. Given this, this study investigates the occurrence and consequences of AKI in Mexican patients to contribute to better knowledge and management of this problem. Methods: Using a retrospective observational cohort methodology, we investigated 313 cases from a cohort of 1019 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 at the IMSS Zacatecas General Hospital of Zone No. 1 in 2020. The prevalence of AKI was determined using the AKIN criteria based on serum creatinine levels and a detailed review of demographic characteristics, medical history, comorbidities, and clinical development. Results: The data showed a 25.30% prevalence of AKI among patients infected with severe COVID-19. Remarkably, these patients with AKI exhibited an advanced age (>65 years), arterial hypertension, a higher number of white blood cells during admission and the hospital stay, and elevated levels of C-reactive protein, serum creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN). Clinically, patients with AKI had signs of prostration, pneumonia, and the requirement for ventilatory assistance when compared to those without AKI. Finally, those diagnosed with AKI and COVID-19 had a 74% death rate. Relative risk analyses indicated that age (>65 years), arterial hypertension, high creatinine levels, endotracheal intubation, and pneumonia are associated with the development of AKI. On the other hand, among the protective factors against AKI, high hemoglobin levels and the consumption of statins during COVID-19 were found. Conclusions: The findings of this study underscore the significance of promptly identifying and effectively managing AKI to potentially alleviate the negative consequences of this complication within the Mexican population during COVID-19.
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Finding an effective therapy against diseases caused by flaviviruses remains a challenge. Here, we present a protocol to test Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs that inhibit host nuclear protein import, promoting a reduction of dengue infection. We describe steps for analyzing the drug effect on nuclear import inhibition of cellular and viral proteins by confocal microscopy or western blotting. We then describe procedures for measuring the antiviral drug effects on virus-infected cells by flow cytometry and testing drug efficacy in dengue-infected AG129 mice by survival assays. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Palacios-Rápalo et al.1.
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Antivirais , Vírus da Dengue , Dengue , Animais , Camundongos , Vírus da Dengue/efeitos dos fármacos , Antivirais/farmacologia , Humanos , Dengue/tratamento farmacológico , Dengue/virologia , United States Food and Drug Administration , Estados Unidos , Linhagem CelularRESUMO
The relationship between sleep, glial cells, and the endocannabinoid system represents a multifaceted regulatory network with profound implications for neuroinflammation and cognitive function. The molecular underpinnings of sleep modulation by the endocannabinoid system and its influence on glial cell activity are discussed, shedding light on the reciprocal relationships that govern these processes. Emphasis is placed on understanding the role of glial cells in mediating neuroinflammatory responses and their modulation by sleep patterns. Additionally, this review examines how the endocannabinoid system interfaces with glia-immune signaling to regulate inflammatory cascades within the central nervous system. Notably, the cognitive consequences of disrupted sleep, neuroinflammation, and glial dysfunction are addressed, encompassing implications for neurodegenerative disorders, mood disturbances, and cognitive decline. Insights into the bidirectional modulation of cognitive function by the endocannabinoid system in the context of sleep and glial activity are explored, providing a comprehensive perspective on the potential mechanisms underlying cognitive impairments associated with sleep disturbances. Furthermore, this review examines potential therapeutic avenues targeting the endocannabinoid system to mitigate neuroinflammation, restore glial homeostasis, and normalize sleep patterns. The identification of novel therapeutic targets within this intricate regulatory network holds promise for addressing conditions characterized by disrupted sleep, neuroinflammation, and cognitive dysfunction. This work aims to examine the complexities of neural regulation and identify potential avenues for therapeutic intervention.