RESUMO

The objective of this study was to investigate the immobilisation efficiency of soybean β-glucosidase (181.6 U/mL; 23.8 mg protein/mL) on activated chitosan beads. Central Composite Rotational Design (CCDR) 23 was used and the application of immobilised enzyme in commercial soy drink was evaluated. The activation of chitosan beads was achieved with established 2.5% glutaraldehyde, pH 7.5, 8 h incubation time (6 h with agitation and 2 h without agitation) at 37ºC. The highest immobilisation efficiency (%) of soybean β-glucosidase on chitosan beads obtained was 37.74 U/mL and 18.84 mg protein/4 chitosan beads at pH 7.5 and 20 h coupling time of enzyme-matrix (7 h with agitation and 13 h without agitation) at 4ºC. The immobilised enzyme incubated at 50ºC, pH 5.5 resulted in 24% increase in the aglycones content in commercial soy drink after 60 min.

RESUMO

Glucose, sacarose, and sugarcane molasses were tested as substrates for production of biomass and phycobiliproteins by Nostoc sp., varying their concentrations in relation to a mineral medium, BG11. All substrates increased the biomass and phycobiliproteins when compared with the control. Sugarcane molasses showed to be the best substrate for production of both biomass and phycobiliproteins. Greater biomass production occurred in sugarcane molasses 1.0 g L-1 and it was 5.7 times greater than the control. With glucose, it was in 2.5 g L-1 and sucrose, in 1.5 g L-1, reaching 2.5 and 4.8 times greater than the control, respectively. For phycobiliproteins, the major production was in sugarcane molasses 1.0 g L-1, 12.5 times greater than the control. With glucose, it was in 1.0 g L-1 and sucrose, in 0,5 g L-1, reaching 3.0 and 4.5 times greater than the control, respectively. The Nostoc sp. assayed can grow mixotrophically, using glucose, sucrose, and sugarcane molasses as organic substrates, and a greater production of biomass and phycobiliproteins can be reached when compared with the autotrophic growth.

Todos os substratos aumentaram a biomassa e ficobiliproteinas em relação ao controle, meio mineral BG11. Melaço de cana-de-açúcar foi o melhor substrato tanto para a produção de biomassa como de ficobiliproteinas. A maior produção de biomassa ocorreu usando melaço de cana-de-açúcar 1,0 g L-1 sendo 5,7 vezes maior que o controle. Com glucose foi em 2,5 g L-1 e sacarose 1,5 g L-1, sendo 2,5 e 4,8 vezes maior que o controle, respectivamente. A maior produção de ficobiliproteinas ocorreu usando melaço de cana-de-açúcar 1,0 g L-1 sendo 12,5 vezes maior que o controle. Com glucose foi em 1,0 g L-1 e sacarose 0,5 g L-1, 3,0 e 4,5 vezes maior que o controle, respectivamente. Nostoc sp. testado pode crescer mixotroficamente, usando glucose, sacarose e melaço de cana-deaçúcar como substratos orgânicos, uma maior produção de biomassa e ficobiliproteinas podendo ser alcançada nessas condições quando comparadas com o crescimento autotrófico.

RESUMO

This literature review has the aim to present topics related to a-galactosidase, considering its general characteristics, sources, functions and methods used in its determination. This enzyme, lacking in the human digestive tract, hydrolises µ-(1,6) bonds from oligosaccharides of the raffinose family. These carbohydrates, called flatulents, are found in leguminoses like soybean, a rich source of protein. However, due to the presence of these flatulents sugars, antinutritional factors are attributed to soyben, decreasing its consumption. a-galactosidase produced by some microorganisms and vegetables can be used in soybean based foods to reduce the interaction of the intestinal flora with the oligosaccharides, decreasing in this way the flatulence.

Esta revisão de literatura tem por objetivo apresentar tópicos relativos à a-galactosidase, considerando suas características gerais, fontes de obtenção, funções e metodologias utilizadas em sua determinação. Esta enzima, ausente no trato digestivo humano, hidrolisa ligações µ-(1,6) de oligossacarídeos da família da rafinose. Estes açúcares, chamados flatulentos, são encontrados em muitas leguminosas como a soja, uma rica fonte de proteína. Entretanto, devido à presença desses açúcares, fatores antinutricionais como a flatulência são atribuídos à soja, diminuindo seu consumo. A a-galactosidase produzida por alguns microorganismos e vegetais pode ser empregada em alimentos a base de soja para reduzir a interação da flora intestinal com os oligossacarídeos, diminuindo assim a flatulência.

RESUMO

This literature review has the aim to present topics related to a-galactosidase, considering its general characteristics, sources, functions and methods used in its determination. This enzyme, lacking in the human digestive tract, hydrolises µ-(1,6) bonds from oligosaccharides of the raffinose family. These carbohydrates, called flatulents, are found in leguminoses like soybean, a rich source of protein. However, due to the presence of these flatulents sugars, antinutritional factors are attributed to soyben, decreasing its consumption. a-galactosidase produced by some microorganisms and vegetables can be used in soybean based foods to reduce the interaction of the intestinal flora with the oligosaccharides, decreasing in this way the flatulence.

Esta revisão de literatura tem por objetivo apresentar tópicos relativos à a-galactosidase, considerando suas características gerais, fontes de obtenção, funções e metodologias utilizadas em sua determinação. Esta enzima, ausente no trato digestivo humano, hidrolisa ligações µ-(1,6) de oligossacarídeos da família da rafinose. Estes açúcares, chamados flatulentos, são encontrados em muitas leguminosas como a soja, uma rica fonte de proteína. Entretanto, devido à presença desses açúcares, fatores antinutricionais como a flatulência são atribuídos à soja, diminuindo seu consumo. A a-galactosidase produzida por alguns microorganismos e vegetais pode ser empregada em alimentos a base de soja para reduzir a interação da flora intestinal com os oligossacarídeos, diminuindo assim a flatulência.

RESUMO

Soybean - Glycine max (L.) Merrill, cultivars Br-13 and Parana were germinated for 72 hours, with sampling every 6 hours. The effects of germination process on nutritional constituints (protein, lipid, total soluble carbohydrate) was studied. Analysis of variance and comparison of means indicated a significative increase in the protein content; decrease in the lipids and total soluble carbohydrate content up to 72 germination hours

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