RESUMO
Human Hsp70-escort protein 1 (hHep1) is a cochaperone that assists in the function and stability of mitochondrial HSPA9. Similar to HSPA9, hHep1 is located outside the mitochondria and can interact with liposomes. In this study, we further investigated the structural and thermodynamic behavior of interactions between hHep1 and negatively charged liposomes, as well as interactions with cellular membranes. Our results showed that hHep1 interacts peripherally with liposomes formed by phosphatidylserine and cardiolipin and remains partially structured, exhibiting similar affinities for both. In addition, after being added to the cell membrane, recombinant hHep1 was incorporated by cells in a dose-dependent manner. Interestingly, the association of HSPA9 with hHep1 improved the incorporation of these proteins into the lipid bilayer. These results demonstrated that hHep1 can interact with lipids also present in the plasma membrane, indicating roles for this cochaperone outside of mitochondria.
Assuntos
Bicamadas Lipídicas , Lipossomos , Humanos , Membrana Celular/metabolismo , Bicamadas Lipídicas/metabolismo , Lipossomos/metabolismo , Mitocôndrias/metabolismo , Chaperonas Moleculares/metabolismoRESUMO
Health crises spawn "sins" and moral deformities in society that are evident when they emerge but had seemed to be dormant to collective awareness before. Through the metaphor of the seven capital sins, the article analyzes the phenomenon of fake news in the social media and in the scenario of the COVID-19 pandemic: the lust of sensationalism through the seduction and exploitation of vulnerabilities associated with fear of death; gluttony for confirmatory contents that spread untruths in the attempt to turn versions into facts; the catechism of denialism, fueling wrath or hate in restrictive epistemic environments; the greed of new technologies in the attention economy through engagement as a new commodity; competition for the spotlights of media visibility and derived gains that incite pride and envy in researchers that confuse public meaning with fake research, in a cycle that feeds sensationalism, gluttony, hate, and greed in attention capitalism. Finally, sloth is portrayed as the capital sin of opting for communicative inaction. In the comfort of bubbles, people renounce dialogue out of aversion to dissent, settling for positions of epistemic comfort. In short, the fake news phenomenon in the COVID-19 pandemic is portrayed here as the convergence of various vices that materialize as misinformation, in the communicative vacuity of the moments in which we are obliged to address each other to share our worldviews.
As crises sanitárias fazem surgir "pecados" e deformidades morais da sociedade que, embora evidentes quando despontam, pareciam antes dormentes à percepção coletiva. Por meio da metáfora dos sete pecados capitais, o texto analisa o fenômeno das fake news nas mídias sociais e no cenário da pandemia da COVID-19. A luxúria do sensacionalismo, que é viciosa pela sedução e exploração de vulnerabilidades ligadas ao medo da morte; a gula, por conteúdos de confirmação que disseminam inverdades no empenho de converter versões em fatos; a catequese do negacionismo gerando o ódio em ambientes epistêmicos restritivos; a ganância das novas tecnologias da economia da atenção pelo engajamento como nova commodity; a competição pelos holofotes da visibilidade midiática e ganhos derivados que incitam a soberba e a inveja dos pesquisadores que confundem o senso público com as fake researches - o que, em ciclo, nutrirão o sensacionalismo, gula, ódios e as ganâncias do capitalismo da atenção. Por fim, a preguiça é retratada como o vício capital dos que optam pela inação comunicativa. No conforto das bolhas renunciam ao diálogo por aversão ao dissenso, acomodando-se em posições de conforto epistêmico. Em síntese, o fenômeno das fake news na pandemia da COVID-19 é aqui retratado como a confluência de diversos vícios que se materializam como desinformação, na vacuidade comunicativa dos momentos nos quais somos obrigados a nos dirigir uns aos outros para partilhar nossas visões do mundo.
Las crisis sanitarias sacan a la luz "pecados" y deformidades morales de la sociedad que, aunque son evidentes cuando emergen, antes parecían latentes a la percepción colectiva. A través de la metáfora de los siete pecados capitales, el texto analiza el fenómeno de las fake news en las redes sociales y en el escenario de la pandemia del COVID-19. La lujuria del sensacionalismo que se ensaña con la seducción y la explotación de las vulnerabilidades ligadas al miedo a la muerte; la gula por los contenidos de confirmación que difunden las falsedades en el afán de convertir las versiones en hechos; el catecismo del negacionismo que genera el odio en entornos epistémicos restrictivos; la avaricia de las nuevas tecnologías de la economía de la atención por el compromiso como nueva commodity; la competencia por los focos de la visibilidad mediática y las ganancias derivadas que incitan a la soberbia, y la envidia de los investigadores que confunden el sentido público con falsas investigaciones -que, en ciclo, alimentarán el sensacionalismo, la gula, el odio y la avaricia del capitalismo de la atención. Por último, la pereza se presenta como el vicio capital de quienes optan por la inacción comunicativa. En la comodidad de sus burbujas renuncian al diálogo por aversión al disenso, instalándose en posiciones de comodidad epistémica. En resumen, el fenómeno de las fake news en la pandemia del COVID-19 se retrata aquí como la confluencia de varios vicios que se materializan como desinformación en la vacuidad comunicativa de momentos en los que nos vemos obligados a dirigirnos unos a otros para compartir nuestras visiones del mundo.
Assuntos
COVID-19 , Metáfora , Brasil , Desinformação , Humanos , Pandemias , Transtornos FóbicosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Since the last decade, Dalbulus maidis has become the primary pest in cornfields, particularly due to its ability to transmit plant pathogens. Dalbulus maidis is the main vector of the corn stunt spiroplasma and maize bushy stunt phytoplasma. However, there is little information available on this pest. Understanding its spatial dynamics may allow us to determine how its infestations begin and to identify its colonization patterns, dispersal, and the role of landscape structure on D. maidis dynamics. Thus, this study aimed to investigate within-field spatial distribution and the factors associated with D. maidis abundance in five commercial fields. RESULTS: In all fields, higher infestations occurred at the boundaries of the central pivot, showing a clear edge-biased distribution. Ranges varied from 100.4 to 611.8 m, and our models' overall fit indicated strong to moderate spatial dependency. Additionally, correlation analyses indicated a positive effect of air temperature on the population of D. maidis. Conversely, rainfall negatively affected D. maidis. CONCLUSION: This study provides essential guidance for improving D. maidis integrated pest management at regional and local scales. Based on its high dispersal ability, our study suggests the need for a legislative or regulatory method of control for D. maidis, especially in regions where corn has more than one growing season. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Assuntos
Hemípteros , Phytoplasma , Spiroplasma , Animais , Brasil , Zea maysRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The corn leafhopper, Dalbulus maidis (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), spreads maize stunt pathogens and requires timely and effective crop protection. We determined the interaction between maize phenology and the vector feeding/infection period by stunt pathogens with the residual efficacy of neonicotinoid insecticidal seed treatments. Greenhouse- and field-grown maize plants, seed-treated with clothianidin or imidacloprid insecticides, were infested during seven growth stages with corn leafhoppers reared under controlled conditions on maize plants displaying infection symptoms by both spiroplasma (corn stunt spiroplasma, Spiroplasma kunkelii) and phytoplasma (maize bushy phytoplasma) pathogens. RESULTS: In the greenhouse and field settings, seed treatment reduced the stunt disease symptoms and corn yield loss during the VE-V4 maize growth stages and caused no phytotoxicity. The neonicotinoid seed treatment reduced 20-60% of the yield losses from the corn stunt disease until the V4 growth stage. Infestation by infective corn leafhoppers in the V12 maize growth stage caused a 25-30% yield loss irrespective of seed treatment, yet no stunt disease symptom was evident. Nonetheless, corn yield losses and visual stunt symptoms as rated by a nine-category ordinal scale were strongly correlated (r = 0.79, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: These results reinforce that maize plants are more susceptible to leafhopper stunt disease during the VE-V4 growth stages (emergence to the fourth-leaf stage). Seed treatment helps reduce the damage in the early growth stages (VE-V2), although supplemental control measures depending on leafhopper population density may be needed from VE-V12 to protect yield losses from the maize stunt condition. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Assuntos
Hemípteros , Inseticidas , Phytoplasma , Animais , Inseticidas/farmacologia , Sementes , Zea maysRESUMO
As crises sanitárias fazem surgir "pecados" e deformidades morais da sociedade que, embora evidentes quando despontam, pareciam antes dormentes à percepção coletiva. Por meio da metáfora dos sete pecados capitais, o texto analisa o fenômeno das fake news nas mídias sociais e no cenário da pandemia da COVID-19. A luxúria do sensacionalismo, que é viciosa pela sedução e exploração de vulnerabilidades ligadas ao medo da morte; a gula, por conteúdos de confirmação que disseminam inverdades no empenho de converter versões em fatos; a catequese do negacionismo gerando o ódio em ambientes epistêmicos restritivos; a ganância das novas tecnologias da economia da atenção pelo engajamento como nova commodity; a competição pelos holofotes da visibilidade midiática e ganhos derivados que incitam a soberba e a inveja dos pesquisadores que confundem o senso público com as fake researches - o que, em ciclo, nutrirão o sensacionalismo, gula, ódios e as ganâncias do capitalismo da atenção. Por fim, a preguiça é retratada como o vício capital dos que optam pela inação comunicativa. No conforto das bolhas renunciam ao diálogo por aversão ao dissenso, acomodando-se em posições de conforto epistêmico. Em síntese, o fenômeno das fake news na pandemia da COVID-19 é aqui retratado como a confluência de diversos vícios que se materializam como desinformação, na vacuidade comunicativa dos momentos nos quais somos obrigados a nos dirigir uns aos outros para partilhar nossas visões do mundo.
Las crisis sanitarias sacan a la luz "pecados" y deformidades morales de la sociedad que, aunque son evidentes cuando emergen, antes parecían latentes a la percepción colectiva. A través de la metáfora de los siete pecados capitales, el texto analiza el fenómeno de las fake news en las redes sociales y en el escenario de la pandemia del COVID-19. La lujuria del sensacionalismo que se ensaña con la seducción y la explotación de las vulnerabilidades ligadas al miedo a la muerte; la gula por los contenidos de confirmación que difunden las falsedades en el afán de convertir las versiones en hechos; el catecismo del negacionismo que genera el odio en entornos epistémicos restrictivos; la avaricia de las nuevas tecnologías de la economía de la atención por el compromiso como nueva commodity; la competencia por los focos de la visibilidad mediática y las ganancias derivadas que incitan a la soberbia, y la envidia de los investigadores que confunden el sentido público con falsas investigaciones -que, en ciclo, alimentarán el sensacionalismo, la gula, el odio y la avaricia del capitalismo de la atención. Por último, la pereza se presenta como el vicio capital de quienes optan por la inacción comunicativa. En la comodidad de sus burbujas renuncian al diálogo por aversión al disenso, instalándose en posiciones de comodidad epistémica. En resumen, el fenómeno de las fake news en la pandemia del COVID-19 se retrata aquí como la confluencia de varios vicios que se materializan como desinformación en la vacuidad comunicativa de momentos en los que nos vemos obligados a dirigirnos unos a otros para compartir nuestras visiones del mundo.
Health crises spawn "sins" and moral deformities in society that are evident when they emerge but had seemed to be dormant to collective awareness before. Through the metaphor of the seven capital sins, the article analyzes the phenomenon of fake news in the social media and in the scenario of the COVID-19 pandemic: the lust of sensationalism through the seduction and exploitation of vulnerabilities associated with fear of death; gluttony for confirmatory contents that spread untruths in the attempt to turn versions into facts; the catechism of denialism, fueling wrath or hate in restrictive epistemic environments; the greed of new technologies in the attention economy through engagement as a new commodity; competition for the spotlights of media visibility and derived gains that incite pride and envy in researchers that confuse public meaning with fake research, in a cycle that feeds sensationalism, gluttony, hate, and greed in attention capitalism. Finally, sloth is portrayed as the capital sin of opting for communicative inaction. In the comfort of bubbles, people renounce dialogue out of aversion to dissent, settling for positions of epistemic comfort. In short, the fake news phenomenon in the COVID-19 pandemic is portrayed here as the convergence of various vices that materialize as misinformation, in the communicative vacuity of the moments in which we are obliged to address each other to share our worldviews.
Assuntos
Humanos , Metáfora , COVID-19 , Transtornos Fóbicos , Brasil , Pandemias , DesinformaçãoRESUMO
The alpha (CPA), beta (CPB) and epsilon (ETX) toxins of Clostridium perfringens are responsible for causing diseases that are difficult to eradicate and have lethal potential in production animals. Vaccination of herds is still the best control strategy. Recombinant clostridial vaccines have shown good success at inducing neutralizing antibody titers and appear to be a viable alternative to the conventional production of commercial clostridial toxoids. Research is still needed on the longevity of the humoral immune response induced by recombinant proteins in immunized animals, preferably in target species. The objective of this study was to measure the humoral immune response of cattle immunized with trivalent vaccines containing the recombinant proteins alpha (rCPA), beta (rCPB) and epsilon (rETX) of C. perfringens produced in Escherichia coli at three different concentrations (100, 200, and 400 µg) of each protein for 12 months. The recombinant vaccines containing 200 (RV2) and 400 µg (RV3) yielded statistically similar results at 56 days. They performed better throughout the study period because they induced higher neutralizing antibody titers and were detectable for up to 150 and 180 days, respectively. Regarding industrial-scale production, RV2 would be the most economical and viable formulation as it achieved results similar to RV3 at half the concentration of recombinant proteins in its formulation. However, none of the vaccines tested induced the production of detectable antibody titers on day 365 of the experiment, the time of revaccination typically recommended in vaccination protocols. Thus, reiterating the need for research in the field of vaccinology to achieve greater longevity of the humoral immune response against these clostridial toxins in animals, in addition to the need to discuss the vaccine schedules and protocols adopted in cattle production.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Neutralizantes/sangue , Toxinas Bacterianas/imunologia , Doenças dos Bovinos/imunologia , Doenças dos Bovinos/prevenção & controle , Infecções por Clostridium/imunologia , Infecções por Clostridium/prevenção & controle , Clostridium perfringens/imunologia , Proteínas Recombinantes/imunologia , Animais , Anticorpos Neutralizantes/imunologia , Toxinas Bacterianas/toxicidade , Vacinas Bacterianas/administração & dosagem , Vacinas Bacterianas/imunologia , Brasil , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/sangue , Doenças dos Bovinos/microbiologia , Infecções por Clostridium/veterinária , Proteínas Recombinantes/administração & dosagemRESUMO
Muscle overuse and its consequent muscle damage has no cure. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the regulatory role of tau-AuNPs on muscle recovery of muscle overuse model. The animals (Male Swiss mice) were randomly divided into four groups: Control (Ctr; n=6); tau-AuNPs (n=6); overuse (n=6); and overuse plus tau-AuNPs (n=6). Exercise sessions were performed for 21 consecutive days, and one exercise model was applied daily in the following sequence: low intensity, moderate intensity, and high intensity. The mice were then sacrificed. The quadriceps muscles were surgically removed for subsequent biochemical analysis (oxidative stress parameters, DNA damage markers and muscle differentiation protein). The overuse group significantly increased the oxidative stress parameters and DNA damage markers, whereas tau-AuNPs significantly decreased the oxidative stress parameters in the overuse animal model. However, there were no significant differences observed between overuse group and overuse plus tau-AuNPs administrated group in relation to DNA damage markers including DNA damage frequency and index levels when compared to control and tau-AuNPs groups. Muscle differentiation protein Myf-5 was increased in the overuse plus tau-AuNPs administration group when compared to control group. In conclusion, tau-AuNPs had significant effect on reducing oxidative stress parameters and increasing myogenic regulatory protein Myf-5 in the overuse group. However, it did not have significant effect on reducing DNA damage.
Assuntos
Ouro , Nanopartículas Metálicas , Animais , Dano ao DNA , Masculino , Camundongos , Estresse Oxidativo , TaurinaRESUMO
Objective: The stigma toward individuals with mental disorders is highly prevalent, not only in the general population but among health care providers as well. The aim of this study was to identify subgroups based on stigmatizing beliefs related to psychiatric disorders among Brazilian psychiatrists, as well as to investigate their association with clinical and personality characteristics. Methods: Latent cluster analysis was used to find subgroups of cases in multivariate data according to a psychotic (schizophrenia) and a nonpsychotic disorder (attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder). The clusters for each psychiatric disorder were compared according to sociodemographic, emotional traits, and personality characteristics. Results: A total of 779 psychiatrists answered the questionnaire. Three different subgroups of stigma levels were identified regarding schizophrenia: the highest (n=202 [51.7%]), intermediate (108 [27.6%]), and the lowest (81 [20.7%]). Participants from the highest stigma group had a significantly longer time since graduation, higher anxiety-state scores, and lower positive affect. Two subgroups were identified with respect to attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, although there were no differences between them in sociodemographic or clinical variables. Conclusion: There were more subgroups of stigmatizing beliefs regarding psychotic disorders. Individual characteristics, such as those related to trait anxiety and affect, can be associated with high stigma toward schizophrenia.
Assuntos
Humanos , Psiquiatria , Esquizofrenia , Transtornos Mentais/epidemiologia , Brasil , Estigma Social , Análise de Classes LatentesRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The stigma toward individuals with mental disorders is highly prevalent, not only in the general population but among health care providers as well. The aim of this study was to identify subgroups based on stigmatizing beliefs related to psychiatric disorders among Brazilian psychiatrists, as well as to investigate their association with clinical and personality characteristics. METHODS: Latent cluster analysis was used to find subgroups of cases in multivariate data according to a psychotic (schizophrenia) and a nonpsychotic disorder (attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder). The clusters for each psychiatric disorder were compared according to sociodemographic, emotional traits, and personality characteristics. RESULTS: A total of 779 psychiatrists answered the questionnaire. Three different subgroups of stigma levels were identified regarding schizophrenia: the highest (n=202 [51.7%]), intermediate (108 [27.6%]), and the lowest (81 [20.7%]). Participants from the highest stigma group had a significantly longer time since graduation, higher anxiety-state scores, and lower positive affect. Two subgroups were identified with respect to attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, although there were no differences between them in sociodemographic or clinical variables. CONCLUSION: There were more subgroups of stigmatizing beliefs regarding psychotic disorders. Individual characteristics, such as those related to trait anxiety and affect, can be associated with high stigma toward schizophrenia.
Assuntos
Transtornos Mentais , Psiquiatria , Esquizofrenia , Brasil , Humanos , Análise de Classes Latentes , Transtornos Mentais/epidemiologia , Estigma SocialRESUMO
Since the beginning of the COVID-19 outbreak, the world has witnessed growing tension from the pandemic dimension of a disease with severe epidemiological impacts and wide-reaching sociocultural and political spinoffs. In ideal conditions of public communication, the authorities would be aligned with a totally transparent system supplying abundant information and ease of understanding to generate credibility, confidence, and partnership with the media. In the hiatuses of acceptable versions and in the midst of indeterminations, individuals become their own experts, consuming fake news and reproducing fallacious risk narratives with disastrous consequences. The article discusses various aspects of fake news and the use of communicative reason by public authorities, citing the case of Iran and drawing parallels with the antivaccination movement and its consequences. The authors address the challenge of coordinated orientation of society with information, competing with pseudo-scientific pastiches that proliferate at breakneck speed in the absence of official data. All this raises the following question: which communication models should back the official narrative to create the conditions for collaboration and partnership with the media? What impacts would such models have on the proliferation of misleading narratives that citizens turn to during crises of appropriate orientation? The authors conclude that it is also the government's role to use its broad visibility to create references of safety under the primacy of communicative reason, sensitive to society's genuine questions and concerns. In short, government should produce responsible references on a monumental scale, oriented by the ethics of accountability in line with the common good.