RESUMO
The content of chemical constituents in Eugenia uniflora leaf extracts correlates positively with biological activities. The experimental objective was to carry out the phytochemical screening and purification of the major polyphenols from the leaves of E. uniflora. In addition, the anti-Candida activity of the hydroalcoholic extract, fraction, subfractions and polyphenols purified were evaluated. After partitioning of the extract with ethyl acetate, the fractions were chromatographed on Sephadex® LH-20 gel followed by RP-flash chromatography and monitored by TLC and RP-HPLC. The samples were characterized by mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-QTOF-MS2) and subjected to the microdilution method in 96-well plates against strains of C. albicans, C. auris, and C. glabrata. Myricitrin (93.89%; w/w; m/z 463.0876), gallic acid (99.9%; w/w; m/z 169.0142), and ellagic acid (94.2%; w/w; m/z 300.9988) were recovered. The polyphenolic fraction (62.67% (w/w) myricitrin) and the ellagic fraction (67.86% (w/w) ellagic acid) showed the best antifungal performance (MIC between 62.50 and 500 µg/mL), suggesting an association between the majority constituents and the antifungal response of E. uniflora derivatives. However, there is a clear dependence on the presence of the complex chemical mixture. In conclusion, chromatographic strategies were effectively employed to recover the major polyphenols from the leaves of the species.
Assuntos
Antifúngicos , Eugenia , Extratos Vegetais , Folhas de Planta , Polifenóis , Polifenóis/farmacologia , Polifenóis/química , Polifenóis/isolamento & purificação , Eugenia/química , Folhas de Planta/química , Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Antifúngicos/química , Antifúngicos/isolamento & purificação , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/química , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Candida/efeitos dos fármacos , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem/métodos , Espectrometria de Massas por Ionização por Electrospray/métodos , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão/métodos , Ácido Gálico/farmacologia , Ácido Gálico/químicaRESUMO
The present study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial and modulating activity of the ethanol extract obtained from the leaves, stems, and roots of Cnidoscolus urens in multiresistant bacteria. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) values obtained for the extracts of leaves, stems, and roots were greater than 1024 µg/mL for all isolates. In the antimicrobial resistance modulation test, the extract of the leaves of C. urens showed a better modulating effect than that of the stems and roots for gentamicin, highlighting the reduction of MIC for Escherichia coli, Lactococcus garvieae and Staphylococcus sciuri. For erythromycin, a reduction of MIC was observed in L. garvieae, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Streptococcus agalactiae. The extract from the leaves of C. urens has an important modulating effect on resistance in multiresistant bacteria, especially with gentamicin and erythromycin.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana Múltipla , Mastite Bovina , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Extratos Vegetais , Animais , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Mastite Bovina/microbiologia , Bovinos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Feminino , Alismatales/microbiologia , Bactérias/efeitos dos fármacos , Bactérias/classificação , Bactérias/isolamento & purificação , Bactérias/genética , Eritromicina/farmacologia , Folhas de Planta/microbiologia , Folhas de Planta/químicaRESUMO
Pseudobombax marginatum, popularly known as "embiratanha," is widely used by traditional communities as anti-inflammatory and analgesic agent. This study aimed to determine the phytochemical profile as well as cytotoxicity, acute oral toxicity, genotoxicity, and mutagenicity attributed to exposure to aqueous (AqEx) and ethanolic (EtEx) extracts of embiratanha bark. Phytochemical screening was conducted using thin-layer chromatography (TLC). Cell viability was analyzed using MTT assay with human mammary gland adenocarcinoma (MDA-MB-231) and macrophage (J774A.1) cell lines, exposed to concentrations of 12.5, 25, 50, or 100 µg/ml of either extract. For acute oral toxicity, comet assay and micronucleus (MN) tests, a single dose of 2,000 mg/kg of either extract was administered orally to Wistar rats. TLC analysis identified classes of metabolites in the extracts, including cinnamic acid derivatives, flavonoids, hydrolyzable tannins, condensed tannins, coumarins, and terpenes/steroids. In the cytotoxicity assay, the varying concentrations of extracts derived from embiratanha induced no significant alterations in the viability of MDA-MB-231 cells. The lowest concentration of EtEx significantly increased macrophage J774A.1 viability. However, the higher concentrations of AqEx markedly lowered macrophage J774A.1 viability. Animals exhibited no toxicity in the parameters analyzed in acute oral toxicity, comet assay, and MN tests. Further, EtEx promoted a significant reduction in DNA damage index and DNA damage frequency utilizing the comet assay, while the group treated with AqEx exhibited no marked differences. Thus, data demonstrated that AqEx or EtEx of embiratanha may be considered safe at a dose of 2,000 mg/kg orgally under our experimental conditions tested.
Assuntos
Extratos Vegetais , Ratos Wistar , Extratos Vegetais/toxicidade , Extratos Vegetais/química , Animais , Humanos , Ratos , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Masculino , Ensaio Cometa , Testes para Micronúcleos , Feminino , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Compostos Fitoquímicos/toxicidade , Compostos Fitoquímicos/análise , Camundongos , Casca de Planta/química , Mutagênicos/toxicidade , Testes de Mutagenicidade , Etanol/químicaRESUMO
Punica granatum, popularly known as pomegranate, is a fruit tree with wide worldwide distribution, containing numerous phytochemicals of great medicinal value. The aim of the present study was to determine the phytochemical profile and antioxidant potential of a protein fraction (PF) derived from P. granatum sarcotesta which is rich in lectin. In addition, the acute oral toxicity, genotoxicity and antigenotoxicity of this protein fraction (PF) from P. granatum sarcotesta was measured. The phytochemical profile of PF was determined using HPLC. The in vitro antioxidant effect was assessed using the methods of total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and DPPH and ABTS+ radical scavenging. Acute oral toxicity was determined in female Swiss mice administered a single dose of 2000 mg/kg. This PF was examined for genotoxicity and antigenotoxicity at doses of 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg, utilizing mouse peripheral blood cells. Phytochemical characterization detected a high content of ellagic acid and antioxidant capacity similar to that of ascorbic acid (positive control). PF was not toxic (LD50 >2000 mg/kg) and did not exert a genotoxic effect in mice. PF protected the DNA of peripheral blood cells against damage induced by cyclophosphamide. In conclusion, this PF fraction exhibited significant antioxidant activity without initiating toxic or genotoxic responses in mice.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes , Extratos Vegetais , Punica granatum , Animais , Camundongos , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Feminino , Extratos Vegetais/toxicidade , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Punica granatum/química , Lectinas/toxicidade , Testes de Mutagenicidade , Dano ao DNA/efeitos dos fármacos , Testes de Toxicidade AgudaRESUMO
Wounds encompass physical, chemical, biological, induced damages to the skin or mucous membranes. In wound treatment, combating infections is a critical challenge due to their potential to impede recovery and inflict systemic harm on patients. Previously, the essential oil extracted from Psidium glaziovianum (PgEO) demonstrated antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory attributes, along with negligible oral toxicity. Hence, our study aimed to assess the effects of topically applying a gel formulation containing PgEO to excisional wounds in mice. Additionally, an in vitro antimicrobial assessment was conducted. The formulated gel underwent characterization and toxicological evaluation on erythrocytes, as well as a dermal irritation test. Its antimicrobial activity was tested against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, as well as fungi. Subsequently, an assessment of its efficacy in excisional wound healing was conducted in mice. The findings of this investigation highlight the gel's efficacy against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, as well as fungi. Moreover, this study underscores that the PgEO-gel treatment enhances skin wound healing, potentially due to its capacity to trigger antioxidant enzymes and suppress pro-inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, the gel exhibited minimal toxicity to erythrocytes and skin irritation. These findings hold promise for prospective preclinical and clinical trials across diverse wound types. In conclusion, this study sheds light on the potential therapeutic applications of the gel formulation containing essential oil from P. glaziovianum in the context of wound healing.
Assuntos
Óleos Voláteis , Psidium , Humanos , Animais , Camundongos , Antibacterianos , Estudos Prospectivos , Bactérias Gram-Negativas , Bactérias Gram-Positivas , Cicatrização , Óleos Voláteis/farmacologiaRESUMO
Phytochemical analysis of Croton blanchetianus leaves was performed by. After that, a high performance liquid chromatography method was developed and validated for the determination of rutin in herbal drug and products of C. blanchetianus. The separation was achieved on a C18 column, and the mobile phase was composed of ultrapure water and methanol (acidified with trifluoroacetic acid) with a gradient of 0.8 ml/min. The method was validated following international guidelines. The chemical analysis revealed the presence of flavonoids. Among them rutin was used as the standard for validation. In the HPLC the presence of rutin was observed at 24.7 min. The method was robust, with no significant variations, and linear in the range evaluated with R2 > 0.99. Regarding the matrix effect, it was possible to prove the absence of interference of the constituents in the herbal drug. The precision was determined with a relative standard deviation of <1.34%. The recovery results were achieved between 89.29 and 101.21%. Furthermore, with partial validation, the method was proved to be suitable for the liquid extract, dry extract and effervescent granules. Therefore, this study demonstrated that the method is effective for the quality control analysis of C. blanchetianus leaves and products.
Assuntos
Croton , Rutina , Rutina/análise , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão/métodos , Folhas de Planta/química , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem/métodos , Extratos Vegetais/químicaRESUMO
Biomphalaria glabrata snails constitute the main vector of schistosomiasis in Brazil, and Bauhinia monandra Kurz, the leaves of which contain BmoLL lectin with biocidal action, is a plant widely found on continents in which the disease is endemic. This work describes the composition of B. monandra preparations and the effect on embryos and adult snails, their reproduction parameters and hemocytes. We also describe the results of a comet assay after B. glabrata exposure to sublethal concentrations of the preparations. Additionally, the effects of the preparations on S. mansoni cercariae and environmental monitoring with Artemia salina are described. In the chemical evaluation, cinnamic, flavonoid and saponin derivatives were detected in the two preparations assessed, namely the saline extract and the fraction. Both preparations were toxic to embryos in the blastula, gastrula, trochophore, veliger and hippo stages (LC50 of 0.042 and 0.0478; 0.0417 and 0.0419; 0.0897 and 0.1582; 0.3734 and 0.0974; 0.397 and 0.0970 mg/mL, respectively) and to adult snails (LC50 of 6.6 and 0.87 mg/mL, respectively), which were reproductively affected with decreased egg deposition. In blood cell analysis, characteristic cells for apoptosis, micronucleus and binucleation were detected, while for comet analysis, different degrees of nuclear damage were detected. The fraction was able to cause total mortality of the cercariae and did not present environmental toxicity. Therefore, B. monandra preparations are promising in combating schistosomiasis since they can control both the intermediate host and eliminate the infectious agent, besides being safe to the environment.
Assuntos
Bauhinia , Biomphalaria , Esquistossomose , Animais , Artemia , Folhas de Planta , Schistosoma mansoniRESUMO
This study describes for the first time the effect of saline extract and Parkia pendula seed fraction on Biomphalaria glabrata adult embryos and molluscs well as the reproductive parameters (fecundity and fertility) and survival, in addition to cytotoxicity and genotoxicity through the profile of blood cells after exposure to sublethal concentrations. Furthermore, we analyzed the action of both preparations against the cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni and their environmental safety using the bioindicator Artemia salina. The saline extract and fraction showed toxic effects for embryos (CL90 of 464.25, 479.62, 731.28, 643.28, 408.43 and 250.94, 318.03, 406.12, 635.64, 1.145 mg/mL, for blastula, gastrula, trocophore, veliger and hippo stage respectively), adult snails after 24 h of exposure (CL90 of 9.50 and 10.92 mg/mL, respectively) with increased mortality after 7 days of observation and significant decrease (p <0.05; p < 0.01 and p < 0.001) in egg mass deposition. At sublethal concentrations, an increase in quantitative and morphological changes in hemocytes was observed, and in the genotoxicity/comet assay analysis, varying degrees of nuclear damage were detected. In addition, the saline extract showed changes in the motility of the cercariae, while the fraction howed toxicity from a concentration of 1.0 mg/mL. The saline extract showed toxicity to A. salina at the highest concentrations (3.0, 4.0 and 5.0 mg/mL), while the fraction did not show ecotoxicity. Thus, the saline extract and fraction was promising in combating schistosomiasis by eliminating the intermediate host and causing alterations and/or mortality to the infectious agent.
Assuntos
Biomphalaria , Moluscocidas , Esquistossomose , Animais , Dano ao DNA , Moluscocidas/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/toxicidade , Schistosoma mansoni , Esquistossomose/tratamento farmacológico , SementesRESUMO
The chemical composition, the antioxidant and antimicrobial potential of crude extract from leaves Cinnamomum verum and their enriched fractions was studied. Phytochemical analyses were performed by TLC and HPLC, and the antioxidant capacity was verified by DPPH⢠and ABTSâ¢+. The Minimal Inhibitory/Bactericidal Concentration was conducted against twenty-two bacteria to select five strains susceptible to extracts/fractions and resistant to the antibiotics tested. Interference of Ethyl Acetate Fraction (EAF) in resistance to synthetic antibiotic was assayed by modulatory and checkerboard model. The chromatographic data showed phenolic compounds in crude extract, as well the flavonoid enrichment in the EAF. The combination of EAF and synthetic antibiotics (ampicillin, azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, or gentamicin) provides a synergistic effect against multidrug resistant strains). The results are useful to obtain multi-targeting in a single therapy solution, which on antioxidants molecules plant-derivatives can act synergistically in antimicrobial combinations, a valuable aid as bacterial resistance modifying compounds.