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BACKGROUND: Marmosets, Callithrix spp, are small New World monkeys that have gained importance as an experimental animal model for human. Despite its use, information on its renal morphometry, vascularization, and location are limited. Therefore, this study will supply basic anatomy for applied studies and for comparative anatomy. METHODS: Fifty cadavers of Callithrix spp were collected on highways from the Atlantic Forest biome, identified and injected with a 10% formaldehyde solution. Later, the specimens were dissected and the measurements and topography of the kidneys and renal vessels were recorded. Both left and right kidneys were significantly larger in females. RESULTS: In the specimens studied, the average body length was 20.00 ± 2.46 cm in males and 20.50 ± 1.98 cm in females (p = .43). The kidneys of the Callithrix spp. were symmetrical in shape and resembled a "bean." They were also pale brown with a smooth surface. In males, the most frequent location of the right kidney was at the L1-L2 level (92%), while the location of the left kidney was between L2 and L3 (76%). In females, the most frequent location of the right kidney was at the L1-L2 level (56%), while the location of the left kidney was between L2 and L3 (32%) (Table 1). However, in seven (28%) males and nine (36%) females, the kidneys were at the same level. CONCLUSIONS: In both sexes, there was a positive and significant linear correlation between body length and kidney length. Regardless of the variable location of the kidneys in both sides and in either sexe, the right kidney was always located more cranially than the left, similar to observations in other non-human primates.

Assuntos

Callithrix , Rim , Animais , Feminino , Callithrix/anatomia & histologia , Masculino , Rim/anatomia & histologia , Rim/irrigação sanguínea , Artéria Renal/anatomia & histologia , Cadáver , Veias Renais/anatomia & histologia

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the thermal comfort of Nelore cattle (Bos indicus) managed in silvopastoral and traditional systems associated with rumination behavior in a humid tropical environment in the Eastern Amazon, Brazil. The study was carried out on a rural property in Mojuí dos Campos, Pará, Brazil, during the transition period of the year, from June to July 2023. Over these two months, six consecutive data collection days were held. We selected 20 clinically healthy non-castrated male Nelore cattle, aged between 18 and 20 months, with an average weight of 250 kg and body condition score of 3.5 (1-5). These animals were randomly divided into two groups: traditional system (TS) and silvopastoral system (SS). The physiological variables evaluated included RR, RT and BST. The variables were analyzed using the linear mixed model. For agrometeorological variables, higher values were observed between 10:00 a.m. (33 °C) and 6:00 p.m. (30 °C), with the highest temperature observed at 4:00 p.m. (40 °C). The RR showed interactions (p = 0.0214) between systems and times; in general, higher RR were obtained in the Traditional. The animals' RT showed no significant difference (p < 0.05) between the production systems, but there was a statistically significant difference in relation to the time of collection (p < 0.0001). In the BGHI, it was possible to observe that there was mild stress in the period from 22:00 at night to 6:00 in the morning and moderate stress in the period of greatest increase in temperature, from 10:00 in the morning to 18:00 at night. BST showed no statistical difference between the regions studied or between the SP (35.6 °C) and TS (36.25 °C) systems. RT in the TS showed a positive correlation with AT (r = 0.31507; p = 0.0477). RT in the SP showed a positive correlation with THI (r = 35583; p = 0.0242). On the other hand, RT in the SP (r = 0.42873; p = 0.0058) and ST (r = 0.51015; p = 0.0008) showed a positive correlation with BGHI. RR in the TS showed a positive correlation with BGHI (r = 0.44908; p = 0.0037). The greatest amounts of rumination were carried out by animals in the SP system, generally ruminating lying down (p < 0.05). With regard to rumination behavior in the morning and afternoon, there were higher numbers of WS and LD in the TS (p > 0.05). Most of the time, the cattle were LD during the morning and afternoon shifts, and at night and dawn they were WS in the TS. Therefore, the SP offers more thermal comfort advantages compared to the TS system.

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The intrinsic subtype of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is based on genomic evaluation. In this study, we report the survival and pathological complete response (pCR) rates of TNBC patients subtyped by IHC and treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT). A retrospective cohort of 187 TNBC patients who received NACT between 2008 and 2017 was used, and IHC subtyping was performed on biopsy specimens before chemotherapy. The subtyping revealed predominantly basal-like tumors (IHC-BL, 61%), followed by basal-like immune-suppressed tumors (IHC-BLIS, 31%), mesenchymal tumors (12.5%), luminal androgen receptor tumors (IHC-LAR, 12%), and basal-like immune-activated tumors (IHC-BLIA, 10.9%). The pCR rate varied among subtypes, with IHC-BLIA showing the highest (30.0%) and IHC-LAR showing the lowest (4.5%). IHC-BLIS led in recurrence sites. Overall and disease-free survival analyses did not show significant differences among subtypes, although IHC-BLIA demonstrated a trend toward better survival, and IHC-mesenchymal, worse. Patients who achieved pCR exhibited significantly better disease-free survival and overall survival than non-responders. This study underscores the potential of IHC-based subtyping in TNBC management, highlighting distinct response patterns to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and potential implications for treatment strategies. Further research is warranted to validate these findings and explore tailored therapeutic approaches for specific TNBC subtypes.

Assuntos

Imuno-Histoquímica , Terapia Neoadjuvante , Neoplasias de Mama Triplo Negativas , Humanos , Neoplasias de Mama Triplo Negativas/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias de Mama Triplo Negativas/patologia , Neoplasias de Mama Triplo Negativas/mortalidade , Neoplasias de Mama Triplo Negativas/genética , Neoplasias de Mama Triplo Negativas/metabolismo , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto , Idoso , Estudos Retrospectivos , Biomarcadores Tumorais/metabolismo , Resultado do Tratamento , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Prognóstico

RESUMO

Background: Zoledronic acid (ZA) improved outcomes in breast cancer. In pre-clinical studies, ZA increased tumour regression in combination chemotherapy and anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) target therapy. The Zo-NAnTax study, a clinical trial combining ZA with neoadjuvant therapy for HER2-positive tumours met the primary endpoint, showing a higher pathological complete response (pCR) rate than predicted in patients receiving surgery. Here, we report the exploratory relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) analysis after five years of follow-up. Methods: Adult women with HER2-positive breast cancer amendable to curative surgery who consented to the study received four cycles of ZA at 4 mg + doxorubicin 60 mg/m2 + cyclophosphamide 600 mg/m2 followed by four cycles of ZA at 4 mg + docetaxel 100 mg/m2 + trastuzumab 6 mg/kg (8 mg/kg as a loading dose), all in a 21 days-cycle, totalizing 8 cycles before surgery. To achieve the primary endpoint of pCR rate between 22% and 35%, 56 patients were needed. The secondary endpoints included safety, gene expression according to treatment response, prediction of pCR rate by an interim breast magnetic resonance imaging (bMRI). Results: Beyond the overall pCR rate of 42%, alongside a good safety profile, we showed similar pCR rates in both hormonal receptor (HR) positive (40%) and HR-negative (44%). RFS and OS at five years were evaluated in 58 subjects, and the overall rate was 79.3% and 86.2%, respectively. Numerically higher values of both RFS and OS were observed in patients achieving pCR vs. non-achieving, respectively 83.3% vs. non-pCR 76.5% (P=0.57) and 95.8% vs. non-pCR 79.4% (P=0.08). Although not statistically significant, OS was numerically equivalent according to HR status, respectively 85.7% vs. 87.5% for HR-positive and HR-negative (P=0.91), which contrasted with RFS, HR-positive 81% vs. HR-negative 75% (P=0.58). None of the assessed clinicopathological biomarkers significantly correlated with survival. Conclusions: ZA plus neoadjuvant therapy in HER2-positive breast cancer shows provoking survival outcomes. Clinical and pre-clinical investigation with dual anti-HER2 blockage is warranted.

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Thus, this review aims to deepen the understanding of buffalo farming in the Amazon, presenting the quality and nutritional value of buffalo meat and liver. This information serves as a subsidy to improve practices related to the breeding system, nutrition, health and sustainability associated with aquatic buffaloes. For this, a review of the databases was carried out using the descriptors "nutritional value of buffalo meat", "nutritional value of buffalo liver" and "buffalo breeding in the Amazon". Thus, the consumption of foods derived from aquatic buffaloes has important nutritional value for human consumption. In view of this, it is possible to conclude that the nutrition of these animals is influenced by the biodiversity of the Amazon, giving unique characteristics to its products, also highlighting the importance of carrying out research that aims to value the potential use of this species and strengthen the economy of the region.

RESUMO

Staphylococcus aureus is a pathogen widely involved in wound infection due to its ability to release several virulence factors that impair the skin healing process, as well as its mechanism of drug resistance. Herein, sodium alginate and chitosan were combined to produce a hydrogel for topical delivery of neomycin to combat S. aureus associated with skin complications. The hydrogel was formulated by combining sodium alginate (50 mg/mL) and chitosan (50 mg/mL) solutions in a ratio of 9:1 (HBase). Neomycin was added to HBase to achieve a concentration of 0.4 mg/mL (HNeo). The incorporation of neomycin into the product was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy, FTIR and TGA analysis. The hydrogels produced are homogeneous, have a high swelling capacity, and show biocompatibility using erythrocytes and fibroblasts as models. The formulations showed physicochemical and pharmacological stability for 60 days at 4 ± 2 °C. HNeo totally inhibited the growth of S. aureus after 4 h. The antimicrobial effects were confirmed using ex vivo (porcine skin) and in vivo (murine) wound infection models. Furthermore, the HNeo-treated mice showed lower severity scores than those treated with HBase. Taken together, the obtained results present a new low-cost bioproduct with promising applications in treating infected wounds.

Assuntos

Alginatos , Antibacterianos , Quitosana , Hidrogéis , Neomicina , Staphylococcus aureus , Quitosana/química , Quitosana/farmacologia , Alginatos/química , Alginatos/farmacologia , Hidrogéis/química , Hidrogéis/farmacologia , Staphylococcus aureus/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Camundongos , Neomicina/farmacologia , Neomicina/química , Neomicina/administração & dosagem , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/química , Infecções Estafilocócicas/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções Cutâneas Estafilocócicas/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções Cutâneas Estafilocócicas/microbiologia , Infecções Cutâneas Estafilocócicas/patologia , Portadores de Fármacos/química , Pele/efeitos dos fármacos , Pele/microbiologia

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Variations in environments, including climate, diet, and agricultural practices, significantly impact the composition and microbial activity. A profound understanding of these adaptations allows for the improvement of nutrition and ruminant production. Therefore, this review aims to compile data from the literature on the rumen microbiota and molecular techniques for identifying the different types of microorganisms from the rumen fluid of ruminants. Analyzing the literature on rumen microbiology in different ruminants is complex due to microbial interactions, influenced by the environment and nutrition of these animals. In addition, it is worth noting that the genera of protozoa and fungi most evident in the studies used in this review on the microbiology of rumen fluid were Entodinium spp. and Aspergillus spp., respectively, and Fibrobacter spp. for bacteria. About the techniques used, it can be seen that DNA extraction, amplification, and sequencing were the most cited in the studies evaluated. Therefore, this review describes what is present in the literature and provides an overview of the main microbial agents in the rumen and the molecular techniques used.

RESUMO

The El Niño represents a substantial threat to pastures, affecting the availability of water, forage and compromising the sustainability of grazing areas, especially in the northern region of Brazil. Therefore, the objective of this study was to characterize the thermographic profile of three production systems in the Eastern Amazon, Brazil. The study was conducted on a rural cattle farm in Mojuí dos Campos, Pará, Brazil, between August and November 2023. The experiment involved livestock production systems, including traditional, silvopastoral and integrated, with different conditions of shade and access to the bathing area. An infrared thermographic (IRT) camera was used, recording temperatures in different zones, such as areas with trees, pastures with forage and exposed pastures. The highest mean temperatures (p = 0.02) were observed in pastures with full sun from August to November. On the other hand, the lowest average temperatures were recorded in areas shaded by chestnut trees (Bertholletia excelsa). The highest temperature ranges were found in sunny areas and the lowest were recorded in shaded areas. The highest temperatures were observed in the pasture in full sun, while the lowest were recorded in areas shaded by chestnut trees (p < 0.0001). The interaction between the systems and treatments revealed significant temperature differences (p < 0.0001), with the native trees showing an average temperature of 35.9 °C, lower than the grasses and soil, which reached 61.2 °C. This research concludes that, under El Niño in the Eastern Amazon, areas shaded by Brazil nut trees had lower temperatures, demonstrating the effectiveness of shade. Native trees, compared to grasses and soil, showed the ability to create cooler environments, highlighting the positive influence on different species such as sheep, goats and cattle.

RESUMO

Introduction: Interactions between circadian clocks and key mediators of chronic low-grade inflammation associated with fat consumption may be important in maintaining metabolic homeostasis and may pose a risk for the development of obesity-associated comorbidities, especially type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Objective: The aims of the present study were to evaluate the effects of melatonin administration on diabetes risk markers according to dietary lipid profile (pro-inflammatory versus anti-inflammatory) in excessive weight night workers, and to determine the effect of administration on fat consumption profile. Methods: A randomized, controlled, double-blind, crossover clinical trial involving 27 nursing professionals working permanent night shifts under a 12×36-hour system. The melatonin group (12 weeks) used synthetic melatonin (3 mg) only on days off and between shifts, while the placebo group (12 weeks) was instructed to take a placebo, also on days off and between shifts. For inflammatory characteristics, participants were divided into pro-inflammatory (saturated fats, trans fats and cholesterol) and anti-inflammatory (monounsaturated, polyunsaturated fats and EPA + DHA) groups according to fatty acid determinations. At baseline and at the end of each phase, blood glucose, insulin, glycosylated hemoglobin plasma concentrations were collected, and HOMA-IR was calculated. Conclusion: Melatonin administration for 12 weeks had no effect on T2DM risk markers according to dietary lipid profile (pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory potential) in excessive weight night workers. Among the limitations of the study include the fact that the low dose may have influenced the results expected in the hypothesis, and individual adaptations to night work were not evaluated. The insights discussed are important for future research investigating the influence of melatonin and fats considered anti- or pro-inflammatory on glucose and insulin homeostasis related to night work.

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BACKGROUND/AIMS: Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is the first-line therapy for dysplastic Barrett's esophagus (BE). Therefore, cryotherapy has emerged as an alternative treatment option. This study aimed to compare the efficacies of these two techniques based on the rates of complete eradication of intestinal metaplasia (CE-IM) and dysplasia (CE-D). Adverse events and recurrence have also been reported. METHODS: An electronic search was conducted using the Medline (PubMed), Embase, LILACS, and Google Scholar databases until December 2022. Studies were included comparing cryotherapy and RFA for treating dysplastic BE with or without early esophageal neoplasia. This study was performed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. RESULTS: Three retrospective cohort studies involving 627 patients were included. Of these, 399 patients underwent RFA, and 228 were treated with cryotherapy. There was no difference in CE-IM (risk difference [RD], -0.03; 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.25 to 0.19; p=0.78; I2=86%) as well as in CE-D (RD, -0.03; 95% CI, -0.15 to 0.09; p=0.64; I2=70%) between the groups. The absolute number of adverse events was low, and there was no difference in the recurrence rate. CONCLUSION: Cryotherapy and RFA were equally effective in treating dysplastic BE, with or without early esophageal neoplasia.