RESUMO

The cocoa bean shell is a residue rich in bioactive compounds and its use as an ingredient in the food industry has been studied. This work had the objective of proposing the elaboration of chocolate cake with substitution of wheat flour by cocoa bean shell powder (CSp). Five formulations with different percentages of CSp were used: 25%, 50%, 75%, 100% and 0% (control). The cakes were evaluated by technological characteristics (volume, texture profile, firmness and colour), antioxidant profile (DPPH, ß-carotene/linoleic acid system, phenolic compounds, anthocyanins and tannins) and sensory tests (TDS and acceptance). The technological characteristics and antioxidant activity of the cakes were influenced by the different concentrations of CSp compared to the control sample. The cakes containing up to 75% CSp presented satisfactory sensory acceptance. Therefore, CSp has been revealed to be a prominent alternative substitute ingredient to be used promisingly in the food industry.

Assuntos

RESUMO

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of salt (NaCl) content of 1.2%, 1.6%, and 2.0% in the sensory characteristics of restructured cooked hams, formulated with abnormal (PSE; pale, soft, and exudative) and normal (RFN; reddish pink, firm, and non-exudative) meats. The products with 1.2% added salt had higher (P < 0.05) acceptance scores for flavor, regardless of the type of meat used. Hams manufactured with PSE meat and 1.2% salt content had higher (P < 0.05) overall impression scores and were associated with the terms "characteristic ham flavor", "juicy", and "soft" in the check-all-that-apply analysis. RFN meat samples with 1.6% and 2.0% salt content were respectively associated to "rubbery" and "firm" texture. The ham flavor was always reported at the beginning of the temporal dominance of sensation test, followed by the term "salty" for the samples with 2.0% salt and "meaty" in the samples with 1.2% salt. The term "umami taste" appears to be associated to that samples made with PSE meat. These results led to the conclusion that PSE meat had a positive effect on the sensory profile of restructured cooked hams, especially in those formulated with 1.2% salt.

Assuntos

RESUMO

The production and characterization of nanocomposites based on whey protein concentrate (WPC) and montmorilonite (MMT) incorporated with lycopene as a functional substance is presented and discussed as an alternative biomaterial for potential uses in foodstuff applications. A full factorial design with varying levels of MMT (0% and 2% in w/w) and lycopene (0%, 6%, and 12% in w/w) was used. Color, light transmission, film transparency, moisture, density, solubility, water vapor permeability, and antioxidant activity of the resulting materials were evaluated. Results indicated that lycopene and MMT nanoparticles were successfully included in WPC films using the casting/evaporation method. Inclusion of 2% w/w of MMT in the polymeric matrix significantly improved barrier property against water vapor. Lycopene, besides its good red coloring ability, provided to the films antioxidant activity and UV-vis light protection. These findings open a new perspective for the use of materials for bioactive packaging applications.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Studies indicate a positive association between dietary salt intake and some diseases, which has promoted the tendency to reduce the sodium in foods. The objective of this study was to determine the equivalent amount of different sodium chloride replacements required to promote the same degree of ideal saltiness in butter and to study the sensory profile of sodium chloride and the substitutes using the analysis of Temporal Dominance of Sensations (TDS). Using the magnitude estimation method, it was determined that the potencies of potassium chloride, monosodium glutamate and potassium phosphate relative to the 1% sodium chloride in butter are 83·33, 31·59 and 33·32, respectively. Regarding the sensory profile of the tested salt substitutes, a bitter taste was perceived in the butter with potassium chloride, a sour taste was perceived in the butter with potassium phosphate and sweet and umami tastes were dominant in the butter with monosodium glutamate. Of all the salt substitutes tested calcium lactate, potassium lactate, calcium chloride and magnesium chloride were impractical to use in butter.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Faced with the search for healthy products that provide additional benefits to consumers' health, the main objectives of this work were to develop a low-calorie preserve containing prebiotics (lactulose and polydextrose) and to evaluate the effects of these prebiotics on oxidative stress and colon carcinogenesis in male rats treated with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH). A total of 62.5% w/w of the sucrose in conventional preserves was replaced by polydextrose, and lactulose was added at 0%, 16%, 19.5% or 23% w/w concentrations. The acceptance of these four low-calorie guava preserve samples and the conventional sample was equal (P>0.05), with a score of 6.49. The level of degradation of lactulose was low (18.45 g100 g(-1)lactulose), ensuring that even at a lower concentration of this prebiotic (16% w/w), the concentration remained above the minimum level considered functional. We found that consumption of the low-calorie preserves with prebiotics does not have an effect on the development of mucin-negative ACF and classical ACF in the initiation phase of the mutagenic process. However, the consumption of 1.5 g of the preserve/rat/day potentiated lipid peroxidation and proteic oxidation in the liver.

Assuntos

RESUMO

The modern life has increased the demand for fresh-cut fruits and vegetables, which maintain closer characteristics to in natura, beyond the convenience and be ready-to-use. The effect of active packages in the browning inhibition of fresh-cut potatoes was estimate. 30 micra cellulosic films with ascorbic + citric acid addition (2, 3 e 5% each one), sodium metabisulphite (0,3 ; 0,5 e 1%) and the control (without anti-browning agent). The control treatment with film (without agent) and without film presented increase on pH after storage from 5,7 to 6,7 while potatoes with AA + AC antioxidants addition demonstrated a little decrease to 5,5. Potatoes treatments with AA + AC antioxidants in the films maintained the initial color by all storage period, while potatoes with sodium metabisulphite in the films exhibited a strong browning. This effect for the films with antioxidants addition happened because the decrease on pH, below the optimum point for enzyme activity, improving to reduce the relative enzyme activity lower to 50%, considering then the film with antioxidants addition being more effective to control the enzymatic browning, acting on polyphenoloxidase inhibition.

A vida moderna tem aumentado a demanda por frutas e hortaliças minimamente processadas, que mantêm características próximas ao in natura, além da praticidade e conveniência. Foi avaliado o efeito de embalagens ativas na inibição do escurecimento de batatas fatiadas minimamente processadas. Filmes de base celulósica, com 30 micras de espessura, foram incorporados com a mistura ácido ascórbico + ácido cítrico (2, 3 e 5% de cada), antioxidante metabissulfito de sódio (0,3 ; 0,5 e 1,%) e o controle (sem agente anti-escurecimento). As amostras de batatas envolvidas em filme (sem agente) e sem filme apresentaram aumento de pH de 5,7 para 6,7 após armazenamento, enquanto batatas envolvidas em filmes com adição de compostos químicos apresentaram diminuição de pH para 5,5. Os filmes incorporados com as misturas de AC e AA mantiveram a coloração inicial da batata durante o período de estocagem, enquanto que os filmes contendo metabissulfito de sódio apresentaram escurecimento intenso das batatas. Este efeito para os filmes com adição de antioxidantes ocorreu em razão da diminuição do pH, abaixo do ponto ótimo de atividade desta enzima, conseguindo reduzir a atividade relativa da enzima à menos de 50%, considerando o filme com adição de antioxidantes sendo mais efetivo no controle do escurecimento enzimático, agindo na inibição da enzima polifenoloxidase.

RESUMO

The modern life has increased the demand for fresh-cut fruits and vegetables, which maintain closer characteristics to in natura, beyond the convenience and be ready-to-use. The effect of active packages in the browning inhibition of fresh-cut potatoes was estimate. 30 micra cellulosic films with ascorbic + citric acid addition (2, 3 e 5% each one), sodium metabisulphite (0,3 ; 0,5 e 1%) and the control (without anti-browning agent). The control treatment with film (without agent) and without film presented increase on pH after storage from 5,7 to 6,7 while potatoes with AA + AC antioxidants addition demonstrated a little decrease to 5,5. Potatoes treatments with AA + AC antioxidants in the films maintained the initial color by all storage period, while potatoes with sodium metabisulphite in the films exhibited a strong browning. This effect for the films with antioxidants addition happened because the decrease on pH, below the optimum point for enzyme activity, improving to reduce the relative enzyme activity lower to 50%, considering then the film with antioxidants addition being more effective to control the enzymatic browning, acting on polyphenoloxidase inhibition.    

A vida moderna tem aumentado a demanda por frutas e hortaliças minimamente processadas, que mantêm características próximas ao in natura, além da praticidade e conveniência. Foi avaliado o efeito de embalagens ativas na inibição do escurecimento de batatas fatiadas minimamente processadas. Filmes de base celulósica, com 30 micras de espessura, foram incorporados com a mistura ácido ascórbico + ácido cítrico (2, 3 e 5% de cada), antioxidante metabissulfito de sódio (0,3 ; 0,5 e 1,%) e o controle (sem agente anti-escurecimento). As amostras de batatas envolvidas em filme (sem agente) e sem filme apresentaram aumento de pH de 5,7 para 6,7 após armazenamento, enquanto batatas envolvidas em filmes com adição de compostos químicos apresentaram diminuição de pH para 5,5. Os filmes incorporados com as misturas de AC e AA mantiveram a coloração inicial da batata durante o período de estocagem, enquanto que os filmes contendo metabissulfito de sódio apresentaram escurecimento intenso das batatas. Este efeito para os filmes com adição de antioxidantes ocorreu em razão da diminuição do pH, abaixo do ponto ótimo de atividade desta enzima, conseguindo reduzir a atividade relativa da enzima à menos de 50%, considerando o filme com adição de antioxidantes sendo mais efetivo no controle do escurecimento enzimático, agindo na inibição da enzima polifenoloxidase.