RESUMO
Bacillary hemoglobinuria (BH) is a histotoxic infection caused by Clostridium haemolyticum that affects mostly cattle parasitized with trematodes. The aim of present study was to describe an atypical case of BH in a cow without access to flooded areas and without parasitism by Fasciola hepatica. After eight days of sternal decubitus and apathy, a Nellore cow was euthanized and necropsied. During postmortem examination, mild jaundice, black urine and multifocal lesions in the liver were observed. Histopathology revealed multifocal coagulation foci of necrosis in liver and basophilic bacillary structures, which were confirmed as C. haemolyticum by bacterial isolation, PCR and sequencing techniques. This is the first description of BH in cattle in Minas Gerais state, Brazil and highlight the need for of inclusion of BH as differential diagnosis even in animals not parasitized by trematodes.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Bovinos/parasitologia , Fasciola hepatica/patogenicidade , Hemoglobinúria/diagnóstico , BrasilRESUMO
Bovine bacillary hemoglobinuria (BBH) produced by Clostridium novyi type D, is an endemic, highly fatal disease of cattle in the temperate grassland region of eastern Uruguay. A previous study showed that in this region, BBH is not associated with Fasciola hepatica or any other known focal-ischemic liver injury, so the reasons for its high incidence remains undetermined. The objective of this study was to analyze data from 45 Fasciola hepatica-free BBH outbreaks (1999-2019) in order to find common animal, seasonal and/or geographical risk factors, which may explain the occurrence of the epizootics. Fisher's goodness-of-fit testing showed a significantly higher case proportion of adult cows (N = 368, 80.5%) and lower of calves (N =8, 1.8%), as compared to the expected proportions of the censused population in the study area and historical submissions computed from the laboratory database (Chi-Sq = 346.2 and 174.8, df = 7, P < 0.00). Time series decomposition showed a bi-seasonal pattern, with a larger peak in spring and early summer (October to January) and a smaller increase in autumn (March-May). The lowest seasonal indices were on mid-summer (February) and winter (June-September). A combination of spatial statistics was used to assess the different spatial features of the disease and consistency of the findings. Global spatial autocorrelation showed BBH was significantly clustered (Moran's I = 0.407, P < 0.001). Both smoothed Anselin's Local Indicator of Spatial Autocorrelation and Kulldorff's spatial scan Poisson and Bernoulli models, detected roughly the same high-risk areas in the southeastern part of the Merin Lagoon basin, with the most likely cluster centered in the large wetland biosphere reserve "Eastern Wetlands and Coastal Strip" (RR = 9.12, P < 0.001). Outbreaks were georeferenced (latitude, longitude) and thematic dot-mapping geovisualization in Google Earth™ showed that the results were robust and truly geographic in nature. Most outbreaks (40/45, 88.8%) occurred on wetlands areas and large river valleys, characterized by poorly drained and frequently flooded soils, indicating that moisture-laden soils are the natural habitat of C. novyi type D. Grasslands in these endemic areas support rapid fattening of cattle during spring-summer, and somewhat less in autumn, in almost exact correspondence with BBH peaks, suggesting a close causal association in high-risk areas. Risk is significantly higher in adult cows probably because the spore content in the liver is highest in this category. The altered lipid metabolism and lipotoxicity in the liver may be the precipitating factor for spore germination and epizootic occurrence.
Assuntos
Fasciola hepatica , Animais , Bovinos , Surtos de Doenças/veterinária , Feminino , Hemoglobinúria/veterinária , Estações do Ano , Uruguai/epidemiologiaRESUMO
ABSTRACT Clostridial collagenase is recognized as one of the important proteolytic enzymes used in treatment of varieties of fibro-proliferative disorders. The present work aimed to optimise the biomass concentration and collagenase enzyme activity of novel bacilli Clostridium novyi-NT. The response surface methodology tool was used to identify the optimal fermentation parameters. Central composite design (CCD) was applied with respect to three influencing factors - pH, proteose peptone and trypticase soya broth. These factors showed significant effect on the overall biomass concentration and collagenase enzyme activity (p<0.05). The maximum biomass concentration in terms of absorbance and collagenase activity (of crude enzyme) was achieved and recorded as 0.8309±0.0012 and 298.88±1.36 units/mg respectively after 22 hours of fermentation period while optimisation of media factors with help of response surface quadratic model. This is the first study to report maximum biomass concentration and collagenase activity by Clostridium novyi-NT till date by combining statistical designs.
RESUMO
Clostridium novyi causes necrotic hepatitis in sheep and cattle, as well as gas gangrene. The microorganism is strictly anaerobic, fastidious, and difficult to cultivate in industrial scale. C. novyi type B produces alpha and beta toxins, with the alpha toxin being linked to the presence of specific bacteriophages. The main strategy to combat diseases caused by C. novyi is vaccination, employing vaccines produced with toxoids or with toxoids and bacterins. In order to identify culture medium components and concentrations that maximized cell density and alpha toxin production, a neuro-fuzzy algorithm was applied to predict the yields of the fermentation process for production of C. novyi type B, within a global search procedure using the simulated annealing technique. Maximizing cell density and toxin production is a multi-objective optimization problem and could be treated by a Pareto approach. Nevertheless, the approach chosen here was a step-by-step one. The optimum values obtained with this approach were validated in laboratory scale, and the results were used to reload the data matrix for re-parameterization of the neuro-fuzzy model, which was implemented for a final optimization step with regards to the alpha toxin productivity. With this methodology, a threefold increase of alpha toxin could be achieved.
Assuntos
Toxinas Bacterianas/biossíntese , Clostridium/patogenicidade , Meios de Cultura/química , Vacinas/biossíntese , Animais , Inteligência Artificial , Toxinas Bacterianas/química , Toxinas Bacterianas/isolamento & purificação , Bacteriófagos/genética , Bacteriófagos/patogenicidade , Bovinos , Fermentação , Ovinos/microbiologia , Vacinas/genéticaRESUMO
The objective of this study was to describe the first report involving a case of equine acute myonecrosis caused by C. novyi type A with an emphasis on clinical signs, the pathological and bacteriological analysis, and molecular identification of the microorganisms as the key of the definitive diagnosis.
Assuntos
Infecções por Clostridium/veterinária , Clostridium/classificação , Clostridium/isolamento & purificação , Doenças dos Cavalos/diagnóstico , Doenças dos Cavalos/patologia , Miosite/veterinária , Necrose/veterinária , Animais , Infecções por Clostridium/diagnóstico , Infecções por Clostridium/microbiologia , Infecções por Clostridium/patologia , Análise por Conglomerados , DNA Bacteriano/química , DNA Bacteriano/genética , DNA Ribossômico/química , DNA Ribossômico/genética , Histocitoquímica , Doenças dos Cavalos/microbiologia , Cavalos , Miosite/diagnóstico , Miosite/microbiologia , Miosite/patologia , Necrose/diagnóstico , Necrose/microbiologia , Necrose/patologia , Filogenia , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , Análise de Sequência de DNARESUMO
The objective of this study was to describe the first report involving a case of equine acute myonecrosis caused by C. novyi type A with an emphasis on clinical signs, the pathological and bacteriological analysis, and molecular identification of the microorganisms as the key of the definitive diagnosis.
Assuntos
Animais , Infecções por Clostridium/veterinária , Clostridium/classificação , Clostridium/isolamento & purificação , Doenças dos Cavalos/diagnóstico , Doenças dos Cavalos/patologia , Miosite/veterinária , Necrose/veterinária , Análise por Conglomerados , Infecções por Clostridium/diagnóstico , Infecções por Clostridium/microbiologia , Infecções por Clostridium/patologia , DNA Bacteriano/química , DNA Bacteriano/genética , DNA Ribossômico/química , DNA Ribossômico/genética , Histocitoquímica , Cavalos , Doenças dos Cavalos/microbiologia , Miosite/diagnóstico , Miosite/microbiologia , Miosite/patologia , Necrose/diagnóstico , Necrose/microbiologia , Necrose/patologia , Filogenia , /genética , Análise de Sequência de DNARESUMO
The objective of this study was to describe the first report involving a case of equine acute myonecrosis caused by C. novyi type A with an emphasis on clinical signs, the pathological and bacteriological analysis, and molecular identification of the microorganisms as the key of the definitive diagnosis.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Infecções por Clostridium/veterinária , Clostridium/classificação , Clostridium/isolamento & purificação , Doenças dos Cavalos/diagnóstico , Doenças dos Cavalos/patologia , Miosite/veterinária , Necrose/veterinária , Análise por Conglomerados , Infecções por Clostridium/microbiologia , Infecções por Clostridium/patologia , DNA Bacteriano/genética , DNA Ribossômico/química , DNA Ribossômico/genética , Histocitoquímica , Doenças dos Cavalos/microbiologia , Miosite/diagnóstico , Miosite/microbiologia , Necrose/diagnóstico , Necrose/microbiologia , Necrose/patologia , Filogenia , Análise de Sequência de DNARESUMO
Clostridium novyi tipo B é o patógeno responsável pela hepatite necrótica, causada pela ação da toxina alfa. O controle desta enfermidade é baseado na imunização dos animais com vacinas que contenham na sua composição toxóide alfa de C. novyi tipo B. O teste de potência deste imunógeno é realizado a partir de soros de coelhos imunizados, por meio da técnica de soroneutralização em camundongos. Portanto objetivou-se padronizar um teste de potência de toxóide alfa de C. novyi tipo B em linhagem de célula VERO, como método alternativo ao bioensaio animal. O coeficiente de correlação obtido pelas técnicas in vitro e in vivo foi de 98,38%, indicando ser possível a utilização do modelo estudado na substituição do modelo animal para teste de potência de toxoide alfa de C. novyi tipo B.
Clostridium novyi type B is the pathogen responsible for necrotizing hepatitis caused by the action of alpha toxin. The control of this disease is based on immunization of animals with vaccines containing alpha toxoid of C. novyi type B in its composition, and the evaluation of this toxoid is made by seroneutralization in mice. Therefore, the present study was aimed to standardize a test of the power of alpha toxoid of C. novyi type B cell line VERO, as an alternative to animal bioassay The correlation coefficient obtained by the in vitro and in vivo techniques was 98.38%, indicating the possible use of the model to replace the animal model to test the power of alpha toxoid of C. novyi type B.
Assuntos
Toxoides , Técnicas In Vitro , Clostridium , Potência de VacinaRESUMO
ABSTRACT Clostridium novyi type B is the pathogen responsible for necrotizing hepatitis caused by the action of alpha toxin. The control of this disease is based on immunization of animals with vaccines containing alpha toxoid of C. novyi type B in its composition, and the evaluation of this toxoid is made by seroneutralization in mice. Therefore, the present study was aimed to standardize a test of the power of alpha toxoid of C. novyi type B cell line VERO, as an alternative to animal bioassay The correlation coefficient obtained by the in vitro and in vivo techniques was 98.38%, indicating the possible use of the model to replace the animal model to test the power of alpha toxoid of C. novyi type B.
RESUMO Clostridium novyi tipo B é o patógeno responsável pela hepatite necrótica, causada pela ação da toxina alfa. O controle desta enfermidade é baseado na imunização dos animais com vacinas que contenham na sua composição toxóide alfa de C. novyi tipo B. O teste de potência deste imunógeno é realizado a partir de soros de coelhos imunizados, por meio da técnica de soroneutralização em camundongos. Portanto objetivou-se padronizar um teste de potência de toxóide alfa de C. novyi tipo B em linhagem de célula VERO, como método alternativo ao bioensaio animal. O coeficiente de correlação obtido pelas técnicas in vitro e in vivo foi de 98,38%, indicando ser possível a utilização do modelo estudado na substituição do modelo animal para teste de potência de toxoide alfa de C. novyi tipo B.
RESUMO
This report describes an occasion of gas gangrene in a flock of 1200 animals between sheeps and goats in the district of Campo Formoso, Bahia, Brazil. In the period of 24 hours to 5 days after having been vaccined against clostridiosis, 40 sheep and 20 goats came to death. Clostridium novyi and Clostridium septicum were detected by the technique of direct immunofluorescence (DIF) in impression of the muscle tissue of the inoculated area.
Este relato descreve um surto de gangrena gasosa em um rebanho de 1200 animais entre ovinos e caprinos em Campo Formoso, Bahia, Brasil. No período de 24 horas a 5 dias após terem sido vacinados contra clostridioses, 40 ovinos e 30 caprinos vieram a óbito. Clostridium novyi e Clostridium septicum foram detectados pela técnica de imunofluorescência direta (IFD) em impressão do tecido do músculo da área de inoculação.