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Introducción: Las ciencias de la nutrición y los alimentos innovan en la industria elaborando productos con compuestos nutricionales que contribuyan a la resolución de problemáticas en salud pública. Pero, además de las características nutricionales, son importantes las características sensoriales, siendo un factor determinante en la aceptación de estos productos. Objetivo: Evaluar características fisicoquímicas, nutricionales y sensoriales de dos complementos alimenticios, tipo sopa y bebida achocolatada, desarrollados con biofortificación. Materiales y métodos: Se consideraron 3 fases, fase 1, preparación de dos tipos complementos alimenticios (4 formulaciones), usando la liofilización para la deshidratación de algunas materias primas, complementada con otras técnicas de procesamiento y cocción. Fase 2, evaluación sensorial por panel de expertos a través de prueba descriptiva cuantitativa y hedónica, y fase 3, caracterización bromatológica. El análisis de la información se realizó con el software Jamovi 2.3.21. mediante análisis descriptivo e inferencial. Resultados: El análisis sensorial evidenció que los alimentos que contiene corazón de res en un 5% fueron los más aceptados por los panelistas en todos los atributos sensoriales en ambos complementos. La caracterización bromatológica mostró que el complemento tipo bebida achocolatada con corazón es excelente fuente de proteína, zinc y calcio y buena fuente de hierro y vitamina E, mientras que, el complemento tipo sopa con corazón es excelente fuente de proteína, zinc, hierro, tiamina, omega 3, vitamina E y buena fuente de calcio de acuerdo con la normatividad colombiana de rotulado y etiquetado nutricional. Conclusiones: Ambos complementos con corazón mostraron una aceptación sensorial satisfactoria, presentaron una importante concentración de nutrientes, que, por su fuente natural y animal, son considerados de alta biodisponibilidad(AU)

Introduction: Nutrition and food sciences innovate in the industry by elaborating products with nutritional compounds that contribute to the resolution of public health problems. But, in addition to nutritional characteristics, sensory characteristics are important, being a determining factor in the acceptance of these products. Objective: To evaluate physicochemical, nutritional and sensory characteristics of two food supplements, soup and chocolate drink, developed with biofortification. Materials and methods: Three phases were considered: phase 1, preparation of two types of food supplements (4 formulations), using freeze-drying for dehydration of some raw materials, complemented with other processing and cooking techniques. Phase 2, sensory evaluation by expert panel through quantitative descriptive and hedonic test, and phase 3, bromatological characterization. The analysis of the information was carried out with Jamovi 2.3.21. software through descriptive and inferential analysis. Results: The sensory analysis showed that foods containing 5% beef heart were the most accepted by the panelists in all sensory attributes in both supplements. The bromatological characterization showed that the chocolate drink type supplement with heart is an excellent source of protein, zinc and calcium and a good source of iron and vitamin E, while the soup type supplement with heart is an excellent source of protein, zinc, iron, thiamine, omega 3, vitamin E and a good source of calcium in accordance with Colombian regulations on nutritional labeling and labeling. Conclusions: Both supplements with heart showed a satisfactory sensory acceptance, presented an important concentration of nutrients, which, due to their natural and animal source, are considered of high bioavailability(AU)

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This work aims to obtain recycled carbon fibre and develop an application for this new material. The carbon fibres were obtained by recycling aerospace prepreg waste via the pyrolysis process. The recycled fibres were combined with an Araldite LH5052/Aradur LY5053 epoxy resin/hardener system using manual lay-up and vacuum bagging processes. For comparison, the same resin/hardener system was used to produce a composite using commercial carbon fibre. The recycled and commercial composites were subjected to flexural, tensile and Mode I testing. Fracture aspects were analysed via scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The pyrolysis process did not affect the fibre surface as no degradation was observed. The fracture aspect showed a mixture of failure in the recycled composite laminate and interlaminar/translaminar failure near the surface of the commercial composite caused by flexural stress. Flexural and tensile tests showed a loss of mechanical strength due to the recycling process, but the tensile values were twice as high. The sand ladder platform was the project chosen for the development of a product made with recycled carbon fibres. The product was manufactured using the same manufacturing process as the specimens and tested with a 1243 kg car. The method chosen to design, manufacture and test the prototype sand ladder platform made of recycled carbon fibre was appropriate and gave satisfactory results in terms of high mechanical strength to bending and ease of use.

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Fruit by-products are a valuable source of ingredients, in the formulation of what is known by "upcycled foods". Orange pomace, a by-product of orange juice industry, is a dietary fibre source. In this work, a powdered ingredient with soluble fibre obtained from orange pomace was used as replacement of inulin in the formulation of source of fibre "flan" like puddings. Four different formulations were analysed using Flash Profile and instrumental texture: 100% inulin, 70% inulin: 30% orange fibre, 30% inulin: 70% orange fibre, 100% orange fibre. The replacement of 30% of pudding's total fibre with the new ingredient helped to improve the texture and general appearance of the dessert. Greater percentages imparted non-desirable flavour attributes, such as bitterness and acidity. The use of this ingredient as a replacement of commercial inulin in the formulation of source of fibre puddings is possible. However, further research is needed to reduce the off flavours.

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Among the most important sources of ß-glucans are edible and medicinal mushrooms. These molecules are components of the cellular wall of basidiomycete fungi (mushrooms) and can be extracted even from the basidiocarp as the mycelium and its cultivation extracts or biomasses. Mushroom ß-glucans are recognized by their potential effects as immunostimulants and immunosuppressants. They are highlighted as anticholesterolemic, anti-inflammatory, adjuvant in diabetes mellitus, mycotherapy for cancer treatment, as well as adjuvants for COVID-19 vaccines. Due to their relevance, several techniques of ß-glucans extraction, purification, and analysis have already been described. Despite the previous knowledge of ß-glucans' benefits for human nutrition and health, the main information about this topic refers to the molecular identification, properties, and benefits, as well as their synthesis and action on cells. Studies on biotechnology industry applications (product development) and the registered products of ß-glucans from mushrooms are still limited and more common for feed and healthcare. In this context, this paper reviews the biotechnological production of food products containing ß-glucans from basidiomycete fungi, focusing on food enrichment, and presents a new perspective on fungi ß-glucans' use as potential immunotherapy agents. KEY POINTS: • Mushrooms' ß-glucans for product development in the biotechnology industry • Biotechnological production of food products containing mushrooms' ß-glucans • Basidiomycete fungi ß-glucans are used as potential immunotherapy agents.

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This research aimed to evaluate the effect of adding different levels of eggplant flour in cookie on the physicochemical and nutritional characteristics and to verify the sensory acceptability among children. Four eggplant flour cookie formulations were prepared: EF0 (or standard), EF2.5, EF5.0, and EF7.5 (Eggplant Flour 0, 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5%, respectively). The sensory acceptability, physicochemical and nutritional composition were evaluated. The eggplant flour addition of 7.5% to cookie reduced the acceptability (p > 0.05). The samples EF5.0 and EF7.5 showed higher diameter, expansion and thermal factor, while the EF0 and EF2.5 had higher thickness (p < 0.05). The flour addition significantly increased the hardness, Water activity (Aw), Titratable Acidity (TA) and Soluble Solids (SS) in the cookie, however, L* a* and b*, pH and SS/TA ratio values were reduced (p < 0.05). Increased levels of ash, dietary fibers, ascorbic acid, anthocyanins, total phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity were verified on the cookie after eggplant flour addition. Meanwhile, there was a reduction in energy and carbohydrate values. It is concluded that eggplant flour addition up to 5% in cookie maintains the sensory acceptability similar to the standard product when evaluated by children. In addition, it can be considered a viable alternative to improve most of the physicochemical and nutritional characteristics of the product.

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Fat reduction in meat products represents a technological challenge, as it affects the physicochemical and sensory properties of foods. The objective of the present investigation was to develop reduced-fat pork and chicken meatballs. In the initial stage, a survey was performed on 387 individuals, in order to determine the consumer perception of the meaning of a healthy meatball and the likelihood that they would consume such a product. In the second stage, four pork and chicken meatball formulations were developed: control meatballs (AC), meatballs with inulin (AI), meatballs with fructo-oligosaccharides (AF), and meatballs with inulin and fructo-oligosaccharides (AM). In the third stage, physicochemical properties were evaluated (water activity, humidity, fat, protein, ash, weight loss, pH, color, and texture) and a sensorial profile was created with semi-trained panelists for the four meatball formulations. In the fourth stage, AI was selected as the meatball with sensorial and physicochemical characteristics most similar to AC. An analysis of nutritional characteristics and a home test (84 consumers) were performed. The present study established that the inclusion of inulin as a fat substitute in the preparation of pork and chicken meatballs, in the amount of 3.5 g of fiber/100 g of the mixture, imitates the technological properties characteristic of fat and showed acceptance by consumers.

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Abstract The modern process of new drug discovery and development is an exciting, yet a challenging, endeavor. Although it can result in significant financial income and meet the medical needs of patients, it ultimately may result in failure. To achieve a fast and successful new product discovery and development process, natural products which are evolutionarily optimized as drug-like molecules have gained great attention as better potential sources of new chemical entities. Historically, plant species containing berberine are used in various traditional phytotherapy. However, despite the various therapeutic effects it exerts, berberine is not yet developed into a drug product. Addressing the barriers that hinder its successful development and the efforts made to overcome them is thus crucial. The toxicological and pharmacokinetic properties of berberine are the main barriers towards its development into a marketed drug product. It has low aqueous solubility, poor absorption, fast metabolism, and wide tissue distribution which lead to low bioavailability limiting its clinical application. Synthetic berberine derivatives with improved properties are suggested as better alternatives for further development and future therapeutic application. Hence, this paper summarizes the preclinical research studies conducted in the last decade to reveal the therapeutic potential of synthetic berberine derivatives for the treatment of various diseases and hence achieve successful berberine-based drug development in the future. To exploit the value of natural products as a source of leads for the development of effective drugs, collaboration among the different discovery and development scientists is essential.

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The article assesses the effect of different potassium emulsifying salts concentrations on physicochemical, colorimetric, and texture characteristics of processed cheese manufactured using Maasdam. Except for pH, physicochemical parameters remained unchanged, but the gradual substitution of sodium emulsifying salts with potassium-based salts influenced color and texture. Treatments with at least 50% potassium salts showed a reduction of at least 30% of sodium. The sodium decrease allows the product's classification as processed cheese with low-sodium content (<140mg per 56.7g serving). The data obtained present substantial information that can help the dairy industries develop newly reduced-sodium products.

O artigo avalia o efeito de diferentes concentrações de sais emulsificantes de potássio nas características fisico-químicas, colorimétricas e de textura de queijos processados fabricados com Maasdam. Com exceção do pH, os parâmetros físico-químicos permaneceram inalterados, mas a substituição gradual dos sais emulsificantes de sódio por sais à base de potássio influenciou a cor e a textura. Os tratamentos com pelo menos 50% de sais de potássio mostraram uma redução de pelo menos 30% do sódio. A diminuição do sódio permite a classificação do produto como queijo fundido com baixo teor de sódio (<140mg por porção de 56,7g). Os dados obtidos apresentam informações substanciais que podem ajudar as indústrias de laticínios a desenvolver novos produtos com teor de sódio reduzido.

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Vegan and gluten-free markets have grown considerably in the last few years. Sustainability and the use of agro-industrial waste have also gained interest on food market. Thus, this study aimed to develop a vegan gluten-free alfajor, assessing the effect of different gluten-free flours (peanut okara (a by-product), sorghum, and rice flours) on the product sensory profile, and its market appeal. A simplex centroid design was applied to optimize the alfajor formulation. Check All That Apply and acceptance tests were performed. The use of different flours and their mixtures generated products with different texture attributes. All formulations obtained good acceptances, but higher concentrations of peanut okara and sorghum flours contributed to produce softer alfajors, considered as preferred by consumers. Therefore, it was possible to develop a gluten-free alfajor with sensory quality adding value to an agroindustrial by-product.

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We developed a whey protein admixture of turmeric extract by spray drying (TWPC-SD) and by foam mat drying (TWPC-FMD) and compared its bioactive compounds and nutrients contents. TWPC samples were evaluated for preference and acceptability. Vitamins and carotenoids were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. Total phenolics, curcumin and antioxidant capacity were determined by spectrophotometry. Centesimal composition was performed according to the Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Chemical elements were determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. TWPC containing 3.6 mg of curcumin showed good acceptability. Carotenoids and riboflavin were not detected in either TWPC. Vitamin C content was maintained, and antioxidant capacity was increased in both products (p < 0.05). TWPC-SD showed higher total phenolic and curcumin contents compared to TWPC-FMD (p < 0.05). Thus, the TWPC-SD is a good alternative for human consumption since it showed good sensory acceptability and its nutrients and bioactive compounds can contribute to human health.

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