RESUMO

1. This study evaluated the performance and meat quality of broiler chickens reared on two litter materials and at two stocking densities.2. The chicks were allotted in a completely randomised design in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with two litter materials (wood shavings or rice straw) and two stocking densities (24 or 30 kg/m2), with six replicates per treatment. Broiler performance, carcase yield, prime cuts, blood plasma proteins, the enzymes alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, edible viscera, immune organs, intestine weight and length, abdominal fat, breast meat colour, pH, weight loss by defrosting, weight loss by cooking and shear force were evaluated.3. The density of 24 kg/m2 positively influenced feed consumption and weight gain. The type of litter had a positive influence on feed conversion, with a lower value for birds raised on wood shavings.4. Breast production was improved in birds reared at a density of 24 kg/m2 when compared to birds reared at a density of 30 kg/m2. The rice straw bedding negatively affected abdominal fat (resulting in higher percentages) when compared to birds reared on wood shavings.5. The types of litter affected the enzyme aspartate aminotransferase in birds raised on wood shavings, although these values were not increased to the point of influence on the physiological functions of broilers.6. The colour of the breast meat, pH, temperature, weight loss after thawing or cooking, shear force, cholesterol, triglycerides, albumin, total proteins, glucose or alanine aminotransferase content were not influenced by the stocking densities or bedding.7. The use of wood shavings as poultry bedding at a stocking density of 24 kg/m2resulted in the best performance for broiler chickens at 42 days of age.

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RESUMO

This study analysed the effectiveness of using different levels of a product based on 6% cypermethrin and 2% citronella on broiler production and control the lesser mealworm (Alphitobius diaperinus). A total of 648 one-day-old chicks (Cobb®) which were allocated to one of three treatments (no application of the commercial product - control, and two concentrations of the product 2.00 and 3.33g/m2) in eight replicates with 27 birds each. The commercial product, which was based on cypermethrin was applied in the chambers with an atomizer. The lesser mealworm population was sampled weekly (1, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 days of the experiment) using traps, at three points (front, middle and back) inside the pen. The performance, carcass and cut yields were evaluated. At 21, 28, 35 and 42 days of the experiment, the number of lesser mealworm adults and larvae was lower in the treatment groups involving 2.00 and 3.33g/m2 of the product than in the control group. On the first and 14th days of the study, the number of lesser mealworms adults was lower in the group treated with 3.33g/m2 of the product compared to the control group, although the results did not differ statistically from those obtained with 2.00g/m2 of the product. In conclusion, the application of the commercial product at both concentrations (2.00 and 3.33g/m2) was effective in combating Alphitobius diaperinus adults and larvae, and the performance was not influenced by treatments.(AU)

Este estudo analisou a eficácia do uso de diferentes níveis de um produto à base de cipermetrina a 6% e citronela a 2%, na produção de frangos de corte e no controle do cascudinho (Alphitobius diaperinus). Um total de 648 pintos de um dia de idade (Cobb®) foram distribuídos em três câmaras com os tratamentos (sem aplicação do produto comercial - controle, e duas concentrações do produto comercial - 2,00 e 3,33g/m2) em oito repetições com 27 aves cada. O produto comercial a base de cipermetrina foi aplicado nas câmaras com um atomizador. A população de cascudinho foi amostrada semanalmente (1, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 e 42 dias do experimento) usando armadilhas, em três pontos (frente, meio e fundo) de cada parcela. Foram avaliados o desempenho, rendimentos de carcaça e cortes. Aos 21, 28, 35 e 42 dias do experimento, o número de adultos e larvas de cascudinho foi menor nos grupos de tratamento envolvendo 2,00 e 3,33g/m2 do produto quando comparado ao grupo controle. No primeiro e no 14º dia do estudo, o número de cascudinhos adultos foi menor no grupo tratado com 3,33g/m2 do produto em comparação ao grupo controle, embora os resultados não tenham diferido estatisticamente daqueles obtidos com 2,00g/m2 do produto. A conversão alimentar de 1 a 21 dias de idade foi significativa, com os melhores resultados para essa variável quando aplicado 3,33g do produto por metro quadrado e no tratamento controle. Em conclusão, a aplicação do produto comercial em ambas as concentrações (2,00 e 3,33g/m2) foi eficaz no combate a adultos e larvas de Alphitobius diaperinus e, não influenciou o desempenho.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

ABSTRACT: This study analysed the effectiveness of using different levels of a product based on 6% cypermethrin and 2% citronella on broiler production and control the lesser mealworm (Alphitobius diaperinus). A total of 648 one-day-old chicks (Cobb®) which were allocated to one of three treatments (no application of the commercial product - control, and two concentrations of the product 2.00 and 3.33g/m2) in eight replicates with 27 birds each. The commercial product, which was based on cypermethrin was applied in the chambers with an atomizer. The lesser mealworm population was sampled weekly (1, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 days of the experiment) using traps, at three points (front, middle and back) inside the pen. The performance, carcass and cut yields were evaluated. At 21, 28, 35 and 42 days of the experiment, the number of lesser mealworm adults and larvae was lower in the treatment groups involving 2.00 and 3.33g/m2 of the product than in the control group. On the first and 14th days of the study, the number of lesser mealworms adults was lower in the group treated with 3.33g/m2 of the product compared to the control group, although the results did not differ statistically from those obtained with 2.00g/m2 of the product. In conclusion, the application of the commercial product at both concentrations (2.00 and 3.33g/m2) was effective in combating Alphitobius diaperinus adults and larvae, and the performance was not influenced by treatments.

RESUMO: Este estudo analisou a eficácia do uso de diferentes níveis de um produto à base de cipermetrina a 6% e citronela a 2%, na produção de frangos de corte e no controle do cascudinho (Alphitobius diaperinus). Um total de 648 pintos de um dia de idade (Cobb®) foram distribuídos em três câmaras com os tratamentos (sem aplicação do produto comercial - controle, e duas concentrações do produto comercial - 2,00 e 3,33g/m2) em oito repetições com 27 aves cada. O produto comercial a base de cipermetrina foi aplicado nas câmaras com um atomizador. A população de cascudinho foi amostrada semanalmente (1, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 e 42 dias do experimento) usando armadilhas, em três pontos (frente, meio e fundo) de cada parcela. Foram avaliados o desempenho, rendimentos de carcaça e cortes. Aos 21, 28, 35 e 42 dias do experimento, o número de adultos e larvas de cascudinho foi menor nos grupos de tratamento envolvendo 2,00 e 3,33g/m2 do produto quando comparado ao grupo controle. No primeiro e no 14º dia do estudo, o número de cascudinhos adultos foi menor no grupo tratado com 3,33g/m2 do produto em comparação ao grupo controle, embora os resultados não tenham diferido estatisticamente daqueles obtidos com 2,00g/m2 do produto. A conversão alimentar de 1 a 21 dias de idade foi significativa, com os melhores resultados para essa variável quando aplicado 3,33g do produto por metro quadrado e no tratamento controle. Em conclusão, a aplicação do produto comercial em ambas as concentrações (2,00 e 3,33g/m2) foi eficaz no combate a adultos e larvas de Alphitobius diaperinus e, não influenciou o desempenho.

RESUMO

This study analysed the effectiveness of using different levels of a product based on 6% cypermethrin and 2% citronella on broiler production and control the lesser mealworm (Alphitobius diaperinus). A total of 648 one-day-old chicks (Cobb®) which were allocated to one of three treatments (no application of the commercial product - control, and two concentrations of the product 2.00 and 3.33g/m2) in eight replicates with 27 birds each. The commercial product, which was based on cypermethrin was applied in the chambers with an atomizer. The lesser mealworm population was sampled weekly (1, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 days of the experiment) using traps, at three points (front, middle and back) inside the pen. The performance, carcass and cut yields were evaluated. At 21, 28, 35 and 42 days of the experiment, the number of lesser mealworm adults and larvae was lower in the treatment groups involving 2.00 and 3.33g/m2 of the product than in the control group. On the first and 14th days of the study, the number of lesser mealworms adults was lower in the group treated with 3.33g/m2 of the product compared to the control group, although the results did not differ statistically from those obtained with 2.00g/m2 of the product. In conclusion, the application of the commercial product at both concentrations (2.00 and 3.33g/m2) was effective in combating Alphitobius diaperinus adults and larvae, and the performance was not influenced by treatments.(AU)

Este estudo analisou a eficácia do uso de diferentes níveis de um produto à base de cipermetrina a 6% e citronela a 2%, na produção de frangos de corte e no controle do cascudinho (Alphitobius diaperinus). Um total de 648 pintos de um dia de idade (Cobb®) foram distribuídos em três câmaras com os tratamentos (sem aplicação do produto comercial - controle, e duas concentrações do produto comercial - 2,00 e 3,33g/m2) em oito repetições com 27 aves cada. O produto comercial a base de cipermetrina foi aplicado nas câmaras com um atomizador. A população de cascudinho foi amostrada semanalmente (1, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 e 42 dias do experimento) usando armadilhas, em três pontos (frente, meio e fundo) de cada parcela. Foram avaliados o desempenho, rendimentos de carcaça e cortes. Aos 21, 28, 35 e 42 dias do experimento, o número de adultos e larvas de cascudinho foi menor nos grupos de tratamento envolvendo 2,00 e 3,33g/m2 do produto quando comparado ao grupo controle. No primeiro e no 14º dia do estudo, o número de cascudinhos adultos foi menor no grupo tratado com 3,33g/m2 do produto em comparação ao grupo controle, embora os resultados não tenham diferido estatisticamente daqueles obtidos com 2,00g/m2 do produto. A conversão alimentar de 1 a 21 dias de idade foi significativa, com os melhores resultados para essa variável quando aplicado 3,33g do produto por metro quadrado e no tratamento controle. Em conclusão, a aplicação do produto comercial em ambas as concentrações (2,00 e 3,33g/m2) foi eficaz no combate a adultos e larvas de Alphitobius diaperinus e, não influenciou o desempenho.(AU)

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RESUMO

This study was conducted to examine the effects of garlic (G), black cumin (BC) and G+BC within the broiler rations, on performance, relative organ weights, intestinal morphology, serum biochemistry and plasma total oxidant/ antioxidant status. Two hundred broilers chicks (Ross 308) were used and they were divided into 4 groups consisting of 5 subgroups of 10 animals each. The trial was ended on the 35th day. No addition was made to the control group ration. 5g / kg garlic (G), 5g / kg black cumin (BC) and 5g / kg G + 5g / kg BC were added to the experimental group rations, respectively. There was no statistical difference among the trial groups in terms of BWG, FI, FCR and relative organ weights (p>0.05). Serum total protein (p 0.05) and albumin (p 0.001) levels were higher in BC and BC +G groups as compared to G and control group. Serum AST activity were lower in G group as compared to control and other experimental groups (p 0.05). On histological examinations, regarding the duodenal epithelium; there was no difference among the trial groups. Hyperemia was observed, especially in the G group, in macroscopic exams of lamina propria and other viticular areas. The lymph follicles were more wide spread in the G + BC, G and BC groups than in the control. The results of the study showed that the combination of BC and G can have beneficial effects, and different doses of G and BC may be used to see positive or negative effects.

Assuntos

RESUMO

This study was conducted to examine the effects of garlic (G), black cumin (BC) and G+BC within the broiler rations, on performance, relative organ weights, intestinal morphology, serum biochemistry and plasma total oxidant/ antioxidant status. Two hundred broilers chicks (Ross 308) were used and they were divided into 4 groups consisting of 5 subgroups of 10 animals each. The trial was ended on the 35th day. No addition was made to the control group ration. 5g / kg garlic (G), 5g / kg black cumin (BC) and 5g / kg G + 5g / kg BC were added to the experimental group rations, respectively. There was no statistical difference among the trial groups in terms of BWG, FI, FCR and relative organ weights (p>0.05). Serum total protein (p 0.05) and albumin (p 0.001) levels were higher in BC and BC +G groups as compared to G and control group. Serum AST activity were lower in G group as compared to control and other experimental groups (p 0.05). On histological examinations, regarding the duodenal epithelium; there was no difference among the trial groups. Hyperemia was observed, especially in the G group, in macroscopic exams of lamina propria and other viticular areas. The lymph follicles were more wide spread in the G + BC, G and BC groups than in the control. The results of the study showed that the combination of BC and G can have beneficial effects, and different doses of G and BC may be used to see positive or negative effects.(AU)

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RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the effects of i) dehulling of lupine seed on chemical composition and apparent metabolizable energy (AME) and ii) soybean meal substitution by dehulled lupine seed in broiler diets with enzymes on productive performance, size of digestive organs and welfare-related variables. METHODS: Experiment 1, chemical composition and AME were determined in whole and dehulled lupine seed. Experiment 2, two hundred eighty-eight one-day-old male Ross 308 broilers were used. The experimental diets were maize-soybean meal (MS), MS with enzymes (MSE) and maize-dehulled lupine seed with enzymes (MLE). Diets were assigned to the experimental units under a completely randomized design (eight replicates per diet). The body weight (BW) gain, feed intake, feed conversion, digestive organ weights, gait score, latency to lie down and valgus/varus angulation were evaluated. RESULTS: The dehulling process increased protein (25.0% to 31.1%), AME (5.9 to 8.8 MJ/kg) and amino acid contents. The BW gain of broilers fed the MLE diet was similar (p>0.05) to that of those fed the MS diet, but lower than that of those fed the MSE diet. Feed intake of broilers fed the MLE diet was higher (p<0.05) than that of those fed the MS diet and similar (p>0.05) to those fed the MSE diet. Feed conversion of broilers fed the MLE diet was 8.0% and 8.7% higher (p<0.05) than that of those fed the MS and MSE diets, respectively. Broilers fed the MLE diet had the highest (p<0.05) relative proventriculus and gizzard weights, but had poor welfare-related variables. CONCLUSION: It is possible to substitute soybean meal by dehulled lupine seed with enzymes in broiler diets, obtaining similar BW gains in broilers fed the MLE and MS diets; however, a higher feed intake is required. Additionally, the MLE diet reduced welfare-related variables.

RESUMO

The objective of our study was to evaluate the effects of pineapple (Ananas comosus) leaf powder (PLP) on broiler performance. One hundred male broiler chicks (aged one day) were divided into five groups consisting of four pens as replicates, which were treated with basal diet (normal control); basal diet supplemented with 1, 2, and 3% PLP; or 50 mg/kg of zinc bacitracin (ZnB) as a positive control for 35 days. Body weights were significantly increased by 1.06, 5.67, 13.15, and 11.92%, respectively, and feed conversion ratios were decreased by 2.36, 8.49, 12.06, and 11.43%, respectively, in 1, 2, 3% PLP- and ZnB-supplemented groups, compared with the normal control group. Notably, the 2 and 3% PLP supplementations had beneficial effects on broiler performance, similar to that of the positive group. Haematological parameters, such as red blood count, haemoglobin, and haematocrit, were improved in the 3% PLP-supplemented group, but no significant differences in white blood count and its differential count were observed. The serum biochemical parameters, such as creatinine and blood urea nitrogen, were found to be decreased in the 2 and 3% PLP-supplemented groups, compared with the normal control group. Finally, 2 and 3% PLP supplementations dramatically decreased the caecal coliform and Escherichia coli populations, but increased the lactobacillus population. Taken together, our results suggest that PLP improves the performance of broilers and balances the gut microbial population. Therefore, PLP can be used as a supplement in the diet of broilers.(AU)

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RESUMO

This study evaluated the functional effects of two chemotypes of oregano essential oil (OEO): Lippia Origanoides (LO) and a comercial product Synergy Essence (SE). Broilers were randomly assigned to one of eight dietary treatments: 1) Basal diet (BD); 2) BD+ antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) (bacitracin 50g/ton); 3) BD+LO125 (125g/ton); 4) BD+LO250 (250g/ton); 5) BD+LO500 (500g/ton); 6) BD+SE125 (125g/ton); 7) BD+SE250 (250g/ton); 8) BD+SE500 (500g/ton). At the time of slaughter (42 d), five birds per treatment were slaughtered. A portion of the breast was minced and stored at -4 ºC for 3, 6, and 9 days. Lipid peroxidation was determined by measuring of malondialdehyde (MDA), data were analyzed as a completely randomized design with a factorial arrangement of treatments (8x4). Broilers fed SE250 had greater average daily gain (ADG) compared to broilers fed BD (P<0.05). Broilers fed LO500 had greater (P<0.05) organic matter digestibility than the ones fed BD. As days of storage increased, MDA concentration increased (P<0.05). Broilers fed SE500 had lower (P<0.05) MDA concentration than those fed BD and AGP. These data indicate that birds fed OEO grow faster than those fed a BD, similar to birds fed AGP. Some of these responses are possibly explained by increased digestibility and energy utilization. In addition, providing OEO from SE at 500g/ton resulted in lower lipid peroxidation in ground breast meat throughout the tested storage time.

Este estudo avaliou os efeitos funcionais de dois quimiótipos de óleo esencial de orégano (OEO): Lippia Origanoides (LO) e um produto comercial Synergy Essence (SE). Os frangos de corte foram distribuídos aleatoriamente para um dos oito tratamentos dietéticos: 1) Dieta basal (BD); 2) BD + antibiótico promotor de crescimento (AGP) (bacitracina 50 g/tonelada); 3) BD + LO125 (125 g/tonelada); 4) BD + LO250 (250 g/tonelada); 5) BD + LO500 (500 g/tonelada); 6) BD + SE125 (125 g/tonelada); 7) BD + SE250 (250 g/tonelada); 8) BD + SE500 (500g/tonelada). No momento do abate (42 d), cinco aves por tratamento foram abatidas. Uma porção do peito foi picada e armazenada a -4 ºC durante 3, 6 e 9 dias. A peroxidação lipídica foi determinada pela medição de malondialdeído (MDA), os dados foram analisados ​​como um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com um arranjo fatorial de tratamentos (8x4). Os frangos alimentados com SE250 apresentaram maior ganho diário médio (ADG) em comparação com o BD (P <0,05). Os frangos alimentados com LO500 apresentaram maior digestibilidade da matéria orgânica (P <0,05) do que BD. À medida que o dia do armazenamento aumentou, a concentração de MDA aumentou (P <0,05) Os frangos de corte alimentados com SE500 apresentaram menor concentração de MDA (BD <0,05) do que BD e AGP. Esses dados indicam que as aves alimentadas com OEO crescem mais rápido do que aquelas alimentadas com BD e semelhantes às aves alimentadas com AGP, com algumas dessas respostas sendo possivelmente explicadas pelo aumento da digestibilidade e da utilização de energia, além de fornecer OEO do SE a 500g/ton, frangos de corte resulta em menor Peroxidação lipídica na carne de peito moída ao longo do tempo de armazenamento testado.

Assuntos

RESUMO

This study evaluated the functional effects of two chemotypes of oregano essential oil (OEO): Lippia Origanoides (LO) and a comercial product Synergy Essence (SE). Broilers were randomly assigned to one of eight dietary treatments: 1) Basal diet (BD); 2) BD+ antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) (bacitracin 50g/ton); 3) BD+LO125 (125g/ton); 4) BD+LO250 (250g/ton); 5) BD+LO500 (500g/ton); 6) BD+SE125 (125g/ton); 7) BD+SE250 (250g/ton); 8) BD+SE500 (500g/ton). At the time of slaughter (42 d), five birds per treatment were slaughtered. A portion of the breast was minced and stored at -4 ºC for 3, 6, and 9 days. Lipid peroxidation was determined by measuring of malondialdehyde (MDA), data were analyzed as a completely randomized design with a factorial arrangement of treatments (8x4). Broilers fed SE250 had greater average daily gain (ADG) compared to broilers fed BD (P<0.05). Broilers fed LO500 had greater (P<0.05) organic matter digestibility than the ones fed BD. As days of storage increased, MDA concentration increased (P<0.05). Broilers fed SE500 had lower (P<0.05) MDA concentration than those fed BD and AGP. These data indicate that birds fed OEO grow faster than those fed a BD, similar to birds fed AGP. Some of these responses are possibly explained by increased digestibility and energy utilization. In addition, providing OEO from SE at 500g/ton resulted in lower lipid peroxidation in ground breast meat throughout the tested storage time.(AU)

Este estudo avaliou os efeitos funcionais de dois quimiótipos de óleo esencial de orégano (OEO): Lippia Origanoides (LO) e um produto comercial Synergy Essence (SE). Os frangos de corte foram distribuídos aleatoriamente para um dos oito tratamentos dietéticos: 1) Dieta basal (BD); 2) BD + antibiótico promotor de crescimento (AGP) (bacitracina 50 g/tonelada); 3) BD + LO125 (125 g/tonelada); 4) BD + LO250 (250 g/tonelada); 5) BD + LO500 (500 g/tonelada); 6) BD + SE125 (125 g/tonelada); 7) BD + SE250 (250 g/tonelada); 8) BD + SE500 (500g/tonelada). No momento do abate (42 d), cinco aves por tratamento foram abatidas. Uma porção do peito foi picada e armazenada a -4 ºC durante 3, 6 e 9 dias. A peroxidação lipídica foi determinada pela medição de malondialdeído (MDA), os dados foram analisados ​​como um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com um arranjo fatorial de tratamentos (8x4). Os frangos alimentados com SE250 apresentaram maior ganho diário médio (ADG) em comparação com o BD (P <0,05). Os frangos alimentados com LO500 apresentaram maior digestibilidade da matéria orgânica (P <0,05) do que BD. À medida que o dia do armazenamento aumentou, a concentração de MDA aumentou (P <0,05) Os frangos de corte alimentados com SE500 apresentaram menor concentração de MDA (BD <0,05) do que BD e AGP. Esses dados indicam que as aves alimentadas com OEO crescem mais rápido do que aquelas alimentadas com BD e semelhantes às aves alimentadas com AGP, com algumas dessas respostas sendo possivelmente explicadas pelo aumento da digestibilidade e da utilização de energia, além de fornecer OEO do SE a 500g/ton, frangos de corte resulta em menor Peroxidação lipídica na carne de peito moída ao longo do tempo de armazenamento testado.(AU)

Assuntos