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BACKGROUND: Emerging evidence suggests that poor dietary quality is an important risk factor for disability. However, few studies have compared adherence to dietary patterns with disability and none among Puerto Rican adults. OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to examine relationships between 3 dietary patterns-including Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), Mediterranean dietary score (MeDS), and Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2010-and ∼6-y incidence of activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) disability and to assess potential mediation by handgrip strength. METHODS: Data are from the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study, a longitudinal cohort of Puerto Rican adults aged 45-75 y (N = 1502). Adherence to dietary pattern variables were derived from food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) data averaged at baseline and ∼2 y. Handgrip strength was assessed at baseline. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess longitudinal associations between DASH, MeDS, and HEI-2010 and incident ∼6-y ADL (and subscales) and IADL disability. Mediation by handgrip strength was also tested. RESULTS: Participants with higher adherence DASH had lower risk of ADL, ADL mobility, and ADL manual dexterity disabilities (hazards ratio [HR]: 0.96; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.91, 0.98; HR: 0.96; 95% CI: 0.92, 0.99; and HR: 0.95; 95% CI: 0.92, 0.98, respectively). Higher adherence to MeDS was associated with lower risk of ADL and ADL mobility disabilities (HR: 0.89; 95% CI: 0.81, 0.98; HR: 0.90; 95% CI: 0.82, 1.00), and higher adherence to HEI with lower risk of ADL manual dexterity (HR: 0.98; 95% CI: 0.97, 0.99) in fully adjusted models. Only DASH tended to be associated with IADL (HR: 0.97; 95% CI: 0.94, 1.00). Baseline handgrip strength was a mediator between HEI and ADL manual dexterity (23.7% of the indirect effect was explained through handgrip strength). CONCLUSIONS: Higher adherence to a healthy diet pattern may decrease risk of disability and may be an important prevention strategy for ADL and IADL disability associated with aging.

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BACKGROUND: Increased serum urate (SU) and hyperuricemia (HU) are associated with chronic noncommunicable diseases and mortality. SU concentrations are affected by several factors, including diet, and are expected to rise with age. We investigated whether the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet alter this trend. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to assess whether adherence to the DASH diet predicts a longitudinal change in SU concentrations and risk of HU in 8 y of follow-up. METHODS: Longitudinal analyses using baseline (2008-2010, aged 35-74 y), second (2012-2014), and third (2016-2018) visits data from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). The inclusion criteria were having complete food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and urinary sodium measurement, in addition to having SU measurement at the 1st visit and at least 1 of the 2 follow-up visits. For the HU incidence analyses, participants had also to be free from HU at baseline. The final samples included 12575 individuals for the SU change analyses and 10549 for the HU incidence analyses. Adherence to DASH diet was assessed as continuous value. HU was defined as SU>6.8 mg/dL and/or urate-lowering therapy use. Mixed-effect linear and Poisson regressions (incidence rate ratio [IRR] and 95% confidence interval [CI]) were used in the analyses, adjusted for confounders. RESULTS: The mean age was 51.4 (8.7) y, and 55.4% were females. SU means (standard deviation) were 5.4 (1.4) at 1st visit, 5.2 (1.4) at 2nd visit, and 5.1(1.3) mg/dL at 3rd visit. The HU incidence rate was 8.87 per 1000 person-y. Each additional point in adherence to the DASH diet accelerated SU decline (P< 0.01) and lowered the incidence of HU by 4.3% (IRR: 0.957; 95% CI: 0.938,0.977) in adjusted model. CONCLUSION: The present study findings reinforce the importance of encouraging the DASH diet as a healthy dietary pattern to control and reduce the SU concentrations and risk of HU.

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OBJECTIVE: To assess whether using a Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet recommendation application increases primary care physicians' knowledge and dietary counseling skills. DESIGN: A randomized controlled trial. SETTING: Brazilian public primary care service. PARTICIPANTS: Two hundred and twenty-two physicians (intervention group: n = 111; control group: n = 111). INTERVENTION: Thirty days of using the Dieta Dash application. The application provides information about nutritional recommendations for hypertension management. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Nutrition knowledge score. SECONDARY OUTCOMES: self-assessment of knowledge, self-confidence, assessment of eating habits, and barriers to dietary counseling. ANALYSIS: Linear mixed-effects models for repeated measures and generalized estimating equations for comparing changes between groups. RESULTS: A total of 66.2% of participants completed the follow-up. There was no significant difference between the groups regarding the mean knowledge score (P = 0.15). The prevalence of high knowledge increased by 12% (prevalence ratio [PR] = 1.12; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.00-1.25) in the intervention group and showed an improvement in the self-confidence assessment (PR = 1.21; 95% CI, 1.02-1.44), and increased assessment of eating habits (PR = 1.26; 95% CI, 1.10-1.55). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: The Dieta Dash application helped address dietary counseling, improving knowledge and self-confidence. However, innovative strategies are needed to minimize the primary care barriers.

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Preeclampsia (PE) affects up to five times more women with pre-existing diabetes mellitus (PDM) than women without it. The present study aimed to identify the effect of the DASH diet on PE incidence (primary outcome) and blood pressure, glycated haemoglobin (GH), serum lipids, glutathione peroxidase (GP), C-reactive protein (CRP - secondary outcomes) in pregnant with PDM. This randomised, controlled, single-blind trial studied sixty-eight pregnant women with PDM throughout prenatal care until delivery (18 weeks) at a public maternity hospital, Brazil. The standard diet group (SDG) received a diet containing 45-65 % carbohydrates, 15-20 % protein and 25-30 % lipids. The DASH diet group (DDG) received the adapted DASH diet with a similar macronutrient distribution, but with a higher concentration of fibres, unsaturated fats, calcium, magnesium and potassium as well as lower saturated fat. Student's t, Mann-Whitney U and the Chi-square tests were used to compare outcomes. PE incidence was 22⋅9 % in the SDG and 12⋅1 % in the DDG (P = 0⋅25). GP levels significantly increased in the DDG (intra-group analysis; mean difference = 1588 [CI 181, 2994], P = 0⋅03) and tended to be different from the variation in the SDG (mean difference = -29⋅5 [CI -1305; 1⋅365]; v. DDG: 1588 [CI 181; 2994], P = 0⋅09). GH levels decreased significantly and similarly between groups (SDG: -0⋅61 [CI -0⋅26, -0⋅96], P = 0⋅00) v. DDG: -1⋅1 [CI -0⋅57, -1⋅62], P = 0⋅00). There was no evidence of a difference in PE incidence at the end of the intervention between the two diets. The DASH diet seems to favour PE-related biochemical markers.

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A hipertensão arterial (HA) é uma condição clínica caracterizada por elevação sustentada dos níveis pressóricos maior ou igual a 140 e/ou 90 mmHg. As diretrizes atuais têm apontado cada vez mais estudos que verificam a influência dos diferentes padrões alimentares e seus efeitos benéficos no controle da HA, como: Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension (DASH) que preconiza o consumo de frutas, hortaliças, fibras, minerais e laticínios com baixos teores de gordura; DASH-Sodium a qual combina três níveis diferentes de ingestão de sódio; Dieta Mediterrânea (MedDiet) caracterizada pela ingestão reduzida de carne vermelha e processada, ovos, doces e bebidas açucaradas, somada ao consumo moderado de peixes, vinho tinto e laticínios com baixo teor de gordura e alta ingestão de azeite de oliva; Plant based cujo escopo é consumir principalmente proteínas de origem vegetal, com um padrão alimentar rico em fibras, que inclua cereais integrais, frutas, legumes, leguminosas e nozes, com uma ingestão regular de peixes e frutos do mar, laticínios com baixo teor de gordura. Todas essas intervenções mostraram benefícios nos níveis pressóricos, porém a DASH é o padrão alimentar mais frequentemente recomendado e com maior nível de evidência para a prevenção primária e o controle da HA (AU).

Arterial hypertension (AH) is a clinical condition characterized by a sustained increase in blood pressure levels higher than or equal to 140 and or 90 mmHg. Present guidelines have increasingly pointed to studies that show the influence of different dietary patterns and their beneficial effects on the control of AH, just as: Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension (DASH), which advocates the consumption of fruits, vegetables, fiber, minerals and dairy products low in fat; DASH-Sodium which associate three different levels of sodium intake; Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet) characterized by reduced intake of red and processed meat, eggs, sweets, and sugary drinks, besides, moderate consumption of fish, red wine and low-fat dairy products and high intake of olive oil; Plant-based whose scope is to consume mainly plant-based proteins, with a dietary pattern rich in fiber, which includes whole grains, fruits, vegetables, legumes, and nuts, with a regular intake of fish and seafood, low-fat dairy products. All these interventions showed benefits in blood pressure levels, however DASH is the most frequently recommended dietary pattern with the highest level of evidence for primary prevention and AH control (AU).

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A presente pesquisa teve por objetivo analisar os efeitos da substituição do sal de cozinha por sal de ervas sobre os valores de pressão arterial e excreção de sódio urinário de pessoas com hipertensão arterial. Trata-se de um estudo de abordagem quantitativa e delineamento quasi-experimental, tipo "cross-over", com amostra de hipertensos cadastrados em três unidades públicas de saúde de um município do estado de Mato Grosso. A coleta de dados foi realizada no período de maio de 2020 a maio de 2022. Por meio de entrevista, foi aplicado o questionário para identificação das variáveis sociodemográficas e o "Questionário de Adesão a Medicamentos - Qualiaids" (QAM-Q). Posteriormente, foi realizada a avaliação antropométrica e a medida casual da pressão arterial. A pesquisa foi dividida em três etapas: Etapa 1 - os participantes permaneceram em uso habitual do sal de cozinha, durante sete dias; Etapa 2 - os participantes fizeram uso exclusivo de cinco gramas de sal por dia, durante 10 dias; Etapa 3 - os participantes usaram exclusivamente o sal de ervas para o preparo das refeições, durante 10 dias. Em todas as etapas, foi realizada a Monitorização Residencial da Pressão Arterial (MRPA) e a dosagem de sódio urinário. As análises descritivas foram realizadas por meio do pacote estatístico IBM Statistical Package for Social Science - SPSS®, versão 25.0. O teste ANOVA foi utilizado para comparações entre as médias pareadas. Os resultados foram expressos como valores médios, desvio padrão (dp), mínimo, máximo e mediana. Para diferença estatística foi considerado p<0,05. Participaram do estudo 24 indivíduos, com idade média de 63,2 ± 10 anos, a maioria mulheres (54,2%), que convivem com companheiro (70,8%), de cor da pele autodeclarada branca (54,2%), com média de 7,6 anos de estudo e aposentados (45,8%). Em relação às variáveis clínicas, houve predomínio de participantes com pressão arterial ótima (45,8%), na categoria sobrepeso (45,8%), com risco cardiovascular elevado segundo relação cintura-estatura (87,5%) e risco muito elevado de acordo com a medida da circunferência da cintura (54,1%); 62,5% se mostraram aderentes ao tratamento. Na comparação entre as três etapas, observou-se redução significante nos valores de Pressão Arterial Sistólica (p=0,003) e Pressão Arterial Diastólica (p=0,001), sem diferença nas variáveis consumo de sal (p=0,66) e excreção de sódio urinário (p=0,66). Ainda que o uso do sal de ervas seja uma estratégia não medicamentosa interessante e inovadora para o controle da pressão arterial, os participantes não aderiram de forma expressiva à intervenção proposta. De qualquer forma, salienta-se que a monitorização do consumo de sódio é primordial para a avaliação do uso do sal pela população, tendo em vista a implementação de medidas visando a redução da pressão arterial e a prevenção de eventos cardiovasculares.

The present research aimed to analyze the effects of replacing table salt with herbal salt on blood pressure values and urinary sodium excretion in people with hypertension. This study has a quantitative approach and quasi-experimental design, "cross-over" type, with a sample of hypertensive patients registered in three public health units in a municipality in the state of Mato Grosso. Data collection was carried out from May 2020 to May 2022. Through an interview, the questionnaire to identify sociodemographic variables and the "Medication Adherence Questionnaire - Qualiaids" (QAM-Q) were applied. Subsequently, anthropometric assessment and casual blood pressure measurements were performed. The research was divided into three stages: Stage 1 - the participants kept the usual use of table salt for seven days; Stage 2 - participants made exclusive use of five grams of salt per day for ten days; Stage 3 - participants used only herbal salt to prepare meals for 10 days. Residential blood pressure monitoring and urinary sodium measurement were performed at all stages. Descriptive analyzes were performed using the IBM Statistical Package for Social Science - SPSS® program, version 25.0. The One Way test was used for comparisons between the paired mean values. Results were expressed as mean values, standard deviation (sd), minimum, maximum, and median. For statistical difference, p<0.05 was considered. Participated in the research 24 individuals, with a mean age of 63.2 ± 10 years, most of them was women (54.2%), who live with a partner (70.8%), self-declared white skin color (54.2%), with an average of 7.6 years of formal education and retired (45.8%). Regarding clinical variables, it was observed a predominance of participants with optimal blood pressure (45.8%), in the overweight category (45.8%), with high cardiovascular risk according to the waist-to-height ratio (87.5%), and very high risk according to waist circumference measurement (54.1%), 62.5% were adherent to the treatment. When comparing the three stages, there was a significant reduction in the values of systolic blood pressure (p=0.003) and diastolic blood pressure (p=0.001), with no difference in the variables salt consumption (p=0.66) and urinary sodium excretion (p=0.66). Although the use of herbal salt is an interesting and innovative non-drug strategy for blood pressure control, participants did not significantly adhere to the proposed intervention. Nevertheless, it should be noted that the monitoring of sodium consumption is essential for the evaluation of the use of salt by the population and to implement measures aimed at reducing blood pressure and preventing cardiovascular events.

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[ABSTRACT]. Objective. To present some resources developed as part of the technical support of the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) to Member States to reduce population dietary sodium intake, and to discuss the main challenges and opportunities to accelerate action toward sodium intake reduction in the Americas. Methods. Sources of information include a mapping of salt reduction policies conducted in 2019, reports from working group meetings, interviews conducted in 2020 and 2021 in seven countries, and technical documents developed around the Updated PAHO Regional Sodium Reduction Targets. Results. These tools show that, despite progress, challenges to succeed in this agenda persist. Priority given to sodium reduction is low in most countries, with insufficient resource allocation. There is a lack of intersectoral coordinated action, and a systemic approach to food systems is commonly missing. Surveillance mecha- nisms of sodium intake are insufficient, and industry interference in policy processes is commonly identified, undermining policy progress and success. There are also important regional opportunities to address these challenges. These include common ground for future collaborations by updating, strengthening, and comple- menting these existing tools, and technical and financial support for data generation. Conclusions. PAHO is committed to continue to support countries in the process of promoting, implementing, and monitoring cost-effective sodium reduction interventions. One key policy priority in this agenda is the adoption of the Updated PAHO Regional Sodium Reduction Targets with a mandatory approach, together with the comprehensive and complementary implementation of other strategies. Strong political will and commit- ment of countries will be critical to translate goals into concrete achievements in the Americas.

[RESUMEN]. Objetivo. Presentar algunos recursos elaborados como parte del apoyo técnico brindado por la Organización Panamericana de la Salud (OPS) a los Estados Miembros para reducir la ingesta de sodio en los alimentos a nivel de la población y abordar los principales desafíos y oportunidades para acelerar las medidas de reducción de la ingesta de sodio en la Región de las Américas. Métodos. Entre las fuentes de información se encontraron un mapeo de las políticas de reducción de la sal realizado en el 2019, varios informes de reuniones de grupos de trabajo, entrevistas realizadas en siete países entre el 2020 y el 2021, y documentos técnicos acerca de las metas regionales actualizadas de la OPS para la reducción del sodio. Resultados. Estas herramientas muestran que, a pesar de los avances, persisten los desafíos en el logro de esta agenda. La prioridad dada a la reducción del sodio en la mayoría de los países es baja y la asignación de recursos es insuficiente. No hay coordinación intersectorial y por lo general no se adopta un enfoque sistémico para los sistemas alimentarios. Los mecanismos de vigilancia de la ingesta de sodio son insuficientes y es común que haya interferencia de la industria en los procesos que siguen las políticas, lo que socava su progreso y éxito. Hay importantes oportunidades regionales para abordar estos desafíos, como un terreno común para futuras colaboraciones mediante la actualización, el fortalecimiento y la complementación de las herramientas existentes, y el apoyo técnico y financiero para la generación de datos. Conclusiones. La OPS mantiene su compromiso de seguir apoyando a los países en el proceso de promoción, ejecución y seguimiento de intervenciones costo-eficaces para la reducción del sodio. Una prioridad política clave en esta agenda es la adopción con carácter obligatorio de las metas regionales actualizadas de la OPS para la reducción del sodio, junto a la ejecución integral y complementaria de otras estrategias. Una fuerte voluntad política y el compromiso de los países serán fundamentales para traducir estos objetivos en logros concretos en la Región de las Américas.

[RESUMO]. Objetivo. Apresentar alguns recursos desenvolvidos como parte do apoio técnico da Organização Pan- Americana da Saúde (OPAS) aos Estados Membros para reduzir a ingestão alimentar de sódio pela população e discutir os principais desafios e oportunidades para acelerar as ações em prol da redução da ingestão de sódio nas Américas. Métodos. As fontes de informação incluem um mapeamento das políticas de redução de sal realizado em 2019, relatórios de reuniões do grupo de trabalho, entrevistas realizadas em 2020 e 2021 em sete países e documentos técnicos relativos às Metas regionais atualizadas da OPAS para a redução do sódio. Resultados. Essas ferramentas mostram que, apesar dos progressos, os desafios para o êxito dessa agenda persistem. Na maioria dos países, a prioridade dada à redução do sódio é baixa, com alocação insuficiente de recursos. Não há ação coordenada intersetorial e, em geral, nem abordagem sistêmica dos sistemas alimentares. Os mecanismos de vigilância da ingestão de sódio são insuficientes e é comum haver interferência da indústria nos processos políticos, o que prejudica o avanço e o êxito das políticas. Há também importantes oportunidades regionais para enfrentar esses desafios, como um consenso para futuras colaborações por meio da atualização, do fortalecimento e da complementação das ferramentas existentes, além de apoio técnico e financeiro para a geração de dados. Conclusões. A OPAS está empenhada em continuar apoiando os países no processo de promoção, implementação e monitoramento de intervenções de redução do sódio com boa relação custo-benefício. Uma prioridade política decisiva nessa agenda é a adoção das Metas regionais atualizadas da OPAS para a redução do sódio, com aplicação obrigatória, associada à implementação ampla e complementar de outras estratégias. A firmeza de vontade e o compromisso político dos países será crucial para materializar os objetivos nas Américas.

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There is limited evidence for the effects of diet on cardiometabolic profiles during the pubertal transition. We collected repeated measures of diet quality and cardiometabolic risk factors among Mexican youth. This analysis included 574 offspring of the Early Life Exposure in Mexico to Environmental Toxicants (ELEMENT) birth cohort followed up to three time points. Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), alternate Mediterranean Diet (aMedDiet), and Children's Dietary Inflammatory Index (C-DIITM) scores were computed from food frequency questionnaires. Higher DASH and aMedDiet scores reflect a higher diet quality, and lower C-DII scores reflect an anti-inflammatory diet. Cardiometabolic risk factors were lipid profile, glucose homeostasis, blood pressure, and waist circumference. Linear mixed models were used between quartiles of each diet score and outcomes. Compared to the first quartile, the fourth DASH quartile was inversely associated with log serum insulin (µIU/mL) [ß = -0.19, p = 0.0034] and log-Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance [ß = -0.25, p = 0.0008]. Additionally, log serum triglycerides (mg/dL) was linearly associated with aMedDiet score [ß = -0.03, p = 0.0022]. Boys in the highest aMedDiet quartile had higher serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mg/dL) [ß = 4.13, p = 0.0034] compared to the reference quartile. Higher diet quality was associated with a better cardiometabolic profile among Mexican youth.

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INTRODUCTION: Background: adherence to Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension (DASH) has demonstrated to be effective in lowering blood pressure and other cardiovascular risk markers in different populations, but has never been evaluated in the Mexican population. Objective: to assess adherence to the DASH dietary pattern by using an adapted DASH adequacy index (DASH-AI), and to evaluate its association with cardiovascular risk markers in an adult Mexican population. Methods: we conducted a cross-sectional analysis of data of 1,490 adults aged 20-50 years. Diet was assessed with a Food Frequency Questionnaire and sodium intake by 24-hour urinary sodium excretion; the DASH-AI score was calculated based on the DASH nutrient targets. Multivariable linear and logistic regression analyses were performed to estimate the association between the DASH-AI score and cardiovascular risk markers (body mass index [BMI], waist circumferences, systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and high- and low-density lipoproteins). Results: we observed an association of the DASH-AI score with BMI, WC and DBP in the linear (BMI, : -0.55, 95 % CI: -0.77, -0.33; WC, : -1.66, 95 % CI: -2.19, -1.13; DBP, : -0.65, 95 % CI: -1.07, -0.24), and logistic (BMI > 25 kg/m2, OR: 0.82, 95 % CI: 0.74, 0.93; elevated WC, OR: 0.72, 95 % CI: 0.64, 0.81; DBP, OR: 0.83, 95 % CI: 0.72, 0 .95) models. Conclusion: compliance to the DASH-style diet was inversely associated with BMI, WC and DBP in this Mexican population. Promoting adherence to this dietary pattern in the context of Mexican diet is needed to improve cardiovascular health in this population.

INTRODUCCIÓN: Antecedentes: la adherencia al patrón de alimentación DASH ha mostrado ser eficaz para reducir la presión arterial y los marcadores de riesgo cardiovascular en diferentes poblaciones, pero nunca en la mexicana. Objetivo: evaluar la adherencia al patrón de alimentación DASH mediante un índice adapatado a los lineamientos DASH (DASH-AI) y evaluar su asociación con marcadores de riesgo. Métodos: análisis transversal de datos de 1490 adultos de entre 20 y 50 años de edad. La ingesta dietética se evaluó utilizando un cuestionario de frecuencia de consumo de alimentos y el sodio a través de la excresión urinaria en 24 horas; la puntuación DASH-AI se calculó de acuerdo con la adherencia a las recomendaciones DASH. Se realizaron modelos logísticos y lineales para estimar la asociación entre el puntaje DASH-AI y los marcadores de riesgo cardiovascular (índice de masa corporal [IMC], circunferencia de cintura (CC), presión arterial sistólica (PAS) y diastólica (PAD), glucosa, triglicéridos, colesterol total, lipoproteínas de alta y baja densidad). Resultados: observamos una asociación del DASH-AI con el IMC, la CC y la PAD en los modelos lineales (IMC : -0,55, IC del 95 %: -0,77, -0,33; CC : -1,66, IC del 95 %: -2,19, -1,33; PAD, : -0,65, IC del 95 %: -1,07, -0,24) y logístico (IMC > 25 kg/m2, OR: 0,82, IC del 95 %: 0,74, 0,93; CC elevado, OR: 0,72; IC del 95 %: 0,64, 0,81; PAD, OR: 0,83, IC del 95 %: 0,72, 0,95). Conclusión: la adherencia a la dieta DASH se asoció inversamente con el IMC, la CC y la PAD en la población estudiada. Es necesario promover la adherencia a este patrón dietético para mejorar la salud cardiovascular.

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RESUMO

A presente pesquisa teve por objetivo analisar os efeitos da substituição do sal de cozinha por sal de ervas sobre os valores de pressão arterial e excreção de sódio urinário de pessoas com hipertensão arterial. Trata-se de um estudo de abordagem quantitativa e delineamento quasi-experimental, tipo "cross-over", com amostra de hipertensos cadastrados em três unidades públicas de saúde de um município do estado de Mato Grosso. A coleta de dados foi realizada no período de maio de 2020 a maio de 2022. Por meio de entrevista, foi aplicado o questionário para identificação das variáveis sociodemográficas e o "Questionário de Adesão a Medicamentos - Qualiaids" (QAM-Q). Posteriormente, foi realizada a avaliação antropométrica e a medida casual da pressão arterial. A pesquisa foi dividida em três etapas: Etapa 1 - os participantes permaneceram em uso habitual do sal de cozinha, durante sete dias; Etapa 2 - os participantes fizeram uso exclusivo de cinco gramas de sal por dia, durante 10 dias; Etapa 3 - os participantes usaram exclusivamente o sal de ervas para o preparo das refeições, durante 10 dias. Em todas as etapas, foi realizada a Monitorização Residencial da Pressão Arterial (MRPA) e a dosagem de sódio urinário. As análises descritivas foram realizadas por meio do pacote estatístico IBM Statistical Package for Social Science - SPSS®, versão 25.0. O teste ANOVA foi utilizado para comparações entre as médias pareadas. Os resultados foram expressos como valores médios, desvio padrão (dp), mínimo, máximo e mediana. Para diferença estatística foi considerado p<0,05. Participaram do estudo 24 indivíduos, com idade média de 63,2 ± 10 anos, a maioria mulheres (54,2%), que convivem com companheiro (70,8%), de cor da pele autodeclarada branca (54,2%), com média de 7,6 anos de estudo e aposentados (45,8%). Em relação às variáveis clínicas, houve predomínio de participantes com pressão arterial ótima (45,8%), na categoria sobrepeso (45,8%), com risco cardiovascular elevado segundo relação cintura-estatura (87,5%) e risco muito elevado de acordo com a medida da circunferência da cintura (54,1%); 62,5% se mostraram aderentes ao tratamento. Na comparação entre as três etapas, observou-se redução significante nos valores de Pressão Arterial Sistólica (p=0,003) e Pressão Arterial Diastólica (p=0,001), sem diferença nas variáveis consumo de sal (p=0,66) e excreção de sódio urinário (p=0,66). Ainda que o uso do sal de ervas seja uma estratégia não medicamentosa interessante e inovadora para o controle da pressão arterial, os participantes não aderiram de forma expressiva à intervenção proposta. De qualquer forma, salienta-se que a monitorização do consumo de sódio é primordial para a avaliação do uso do sal pela população, tendo em vista a implementação de medidas visando a redução da pressão arterial e a prevenção de eventos cardiovasculares

The present research aimed to analyze the effects of replacing table salt with herbal salt on blood pressure values and urinary sodium excretion in people with hypertension. This study has a quantitative approach and quasi-experimental design, "cross-over" type, with a sample of hypertensive patients registered in three public health units in a municipality in the state of Mato Grosso. Data collection was carried out from May 2020 to May 2022. Through an interview, the questionnaire to identify sociodemographic variables and the "Medication Adherence Questionnaire - Qualiaids" (QAM-Q) were applied. Subsequently, anthropometric assessment and casual blood pressure measurements were performed. The research was divided into three stages: Stage 1 - the participants kept the usual use of table salt for seven days; Stage 2 - participants made exclusive use of five grams of salt per day for ten days; Stage 3 - participants used only herbal salt to prepare meals for 10 days. Residential blood pressure monitoring and urinary sodium measurement were performed at all stages. Descriptive analyzes were performed using the IBM Statistical Package for Social Science - SPSS® program, version 25.0. The One Way test was used for comparisons between the paired mean values. Results were expressed as mean values, standard deviation (sd), minimum, maximum, and median. For statistical difference, p<0.05 was considered. Participated in the research 24 individuals, with a mean age of 63.2 ± 10 years, most of them was women (54.2%), who live with a partner (70.8%), self-declared white skin color (54.2%), with an average of 7.6 years of formal education and retired (45.8%). Regarding clinical variables, it was observed a predominance of participants with optimal blood pressure (45.8%), in the overweight category (45.8%), with high cardiovascular risk according to the waist-to-height ratio (87.5%), and very high risk according to waist circumference measurement (54.1%), 62.5% were adherent to the treatment. When comparing the three stages, there was a significant reduction in the values of systolic blood pressure (p=0.003) and diastolic blood pressure (p=0.001), with no difference in the variables salt consumption (p=0.66) and urinary sodium excretion (p=0.66). Although the use of herbal salt is an interesting and innovative non-drug strategy for blood pressure control, participants did not significantly adhere to the proposed intervention. Nevertheless, it should be noted that the monitoring of sodium consumption is essential for the evaluation of the use of salt by the population and to implement measures aimed at reducing blood pressure and preventing cardiovascular events

Assuntos