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OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the frequency of root resorption during the orthodontic treatment with Herbst appliance by Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The sample comprised 23 patients (11 men, 12 women; mean ages 15.76±1.75 years) with Class II division 1 malocclusion, treated with Herbst appliance. CBCT was obtained before treatment (T0) and after Herbst treatment (T1). All the dental roots, except third molars, were evaluated, and apical root resorption was determined using the axial guided navigation method. Paired t-tests and Wilcoxon T Test were used to compare the dependent samples in parametric and nonparametric cases, respectively. Chi-Square Test with Yates' correction was used to evaluate the relationship between apical root resorption and gender. Results were considered at a significance level of 5%. RESULTS: Apical resorption was detected by CBCT in 57.96% of 980 roots that underwent Herbst appliance treatment. All patients had minimal resorption and there was no statistical significance between the genders. CONCLUSION: CBCT three-dimensional evaluation showed association between Herbst appliance and minimal apical root resorption, mostly in the anchoring teeth, without clinical significance.

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Objective This study evaluated the frequency of root resorption during the orthodontic treatment with Herbst appliance by Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT).Material and Methods The sample comprised 23 patients (11 men, 12 women; mean ages 15.76±1.75 years) with Class II division 1 malocclusion, treated with Herbst appliance. CBCT was obtained before treatment (T0) and after Herbst treatment (T1). All the dental roots, except third molars, were evaluated, and apical root resorption was determined using the axial guided navigation method. Paired t-tests and Wilcoxon T Test were used to compare the dependent samples in parametric and nonparametric cases, respectively. Chi-Square Test with Yates’ correction was used to evaluate the relationship between apical root resorption and gender. Results were considered at a significance level of 5%.Results Apical resorption was detected by CBCT in 57.96% of 980 roots that underwent Herbst appliance treatment. All patients had minimal resorption and there was no statistical significance between the genders.Conclusion CBCT three-dimensional evaluation showed association between Herbst appliance and minimal apical root resorption, mostly in the anchoring teeth, without clinical significance.

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OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical complications during treatment with either a removable mandibular acrylic splint (RMS) or with a cantilever (HC) Herbst appliance. METHODS: Records from 159 Class II, division 1, consecutively treated patients with a Herbst appliance were examined. The sample was composed of 82 male and 77 female patients with a mean age of 11.8 years. The Herbst appliance was used for a mean of 12 months (standard deviation 2.15 months). Two main Herbst groups were analyzed: group RMS (n  =  125) and group HC (n  =  34). They were further subdivided according to the telescopic system used (Dentaurum type 1 or PMA) and fixation mode (splint with crowns or Grip Tite bands). Patients' clinical records were assessed to identify clinical complications. RESULTS: The incidence of complications during treatment was 85.3% for the HC group and 88.0% for the RMS group, with no statistically significant difference (Mann-Whitney test, P > .05). The fixation mode (crown or band) also did not show a statistically significant difference (P > .05). Regarding the telescopic system used, the Dentaurum group had 2.9 times more susceptibility to complications than the PMA group, regardless of the Herbst type. CONCLUSIONS: On average, approximately 2.5 complications per patient were reported. Most patients had a maximum of three complications during Herbst treatment. Herbst appliance type (RMS or HC) and fixation mode (crowns or Grip Tite bands) did not influence the number of complications. The PMA (without screws) telescopic system seemed to be more reliable (regarding the number of complications) than Dentaurum type 1, regardless of the appliance design (RMS or HC).

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Objetivo: comparar no plano sagital os efeitos esqueléticos e dentoalveolares para a maxila e mandíbula, como consequência do uso dos aparelhos Bionator, Klammt e SN1 no tratamento de más-oclusões esqueléticas Classe II. Material e métodos: foi realizado um estudo prospectivo de 21 crianças com má-oclusão esquelética de Classe II, tratadas com Bionator, Klammt ou SN1. Compararam-se mudanças no componente maxilar, mandibular e dentoalveolar através de medições e ângulos cefalométricos no plano sagital. Contrastaram-se as médias de longitudes e ângulos entre T1 e T2 pelas análises t student e wilcononox. Mediante Anova, foi contrastada a porcentagem da mudança nas medidas de interesse para os três grupos. Resultados: foram avaliadas 42 radiografias cefalométricas laterais (21 iniciais T1, 21 finais T2). Entre os participantes, 62% eram meninos e 38% eram meninas. A média das idades para início do tratamento foi 9,5 ± 1,2 anos. O SN1 apresentou a maior média de mudança na longitude mandibular Co-Pg (6,69 ± 3,3) e Co-B (6,59 ± 1,42). Encontrou-se a maior média de mudança relativa na altura do ramo mandibular no Bionator (9,52 ± 7,21). As mudanças dentoalveolares foram clinicamente relevantes para os três aparelhos. Conclusão: os aparelhos ortopédicos maxilares estimulam o crescimento mandibular sagital e vertical, controlam a posição sagital da maxila e geram mudanças dentoalveolares favoráveis para a correção de más-oclusões de Classe II.

Objective: comparing in the sagittal plane the skeletal and dento alveolar effects for the maxilla and the mandible as a result of the use of Bionator, Klammt and SN1 as a treatment of malocclusions class II skeletal. Material and Methods: a prospective study was realized on 21 boys and girls with skeletal Class II malocclusion under treatment with Bionator, Klammt or SN1, in which compare the changes in the maxillary, mandibular and dento-alveolar component by means of measurements and cephalometric angles in the sagittal plane. The averages of lengths and angles between T1y T2 was compare by t-student and wilcoxon tests. By Anova tests, contrasted the percentage of change in the measures of importance for the three groups. Results: 42 lateral skull radiographs were evaluated (21 initial-T1, 21 final-T2). 62% of participants were male and 38% were women. The average age for onset of treatment was 9.5 ± 1.2. The SN1 presented the highest average percent of change of the Co-Pg mandibular length (6.69 ± 3.3), Co-B (6.59 ± 1.42). A higher average relative change in the height of the ramus was found in Bionator (9.52 ± 7.21). Dento alveolar changes were clinically relevant for all three devices. Conclusion: orthopedic appliances stimulate mandibular sagittal and vertical growth, control the sagittal position of the maxilla, and generate favorable dento alveolar changes to correct class II malocclusions.

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Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar as alterações dentoesqueléticase tegumentares do aparelho Twin-block em 21 jovensbrasileiros, de ambos os gêneros, com idade média de 10,5 anos(mínimo: 9,25 anos; máximo: 12,5 anos) portadores de rná-oclusão deClasse II com retrognatismo mandibular, tratados prospectivamente,e comparar as duas amostras retrospectivas, uma tratada com oaparelho ortopédico Bionator (22 jovens, com idade média de 10,42anos; mínimo: 8,08 anos; máximo: 12,58 anos) e um grupo controlede Classe II não tratado (24 jovens, com idade média de 9,97 anos;mínimo: 8,33 anos; máximo: 11,67 anos). As 134 telerradiografias emnorma lateral foram obtidas em T1 (antes do tratamento) e T2 (final dotratamento ortopédico). Todos os pacientes se encontravam no estágiode maturação das vértebras cervicais CVMSII em T1, Anova, teste deTukeye teste t pareado foram aplicados. Os resultados mostraram queos dois aparelhos corrigiram as relações maxilomandibular e dentárias,reduzindoa severidade da má-oclusão de Classe II, porém, com maioresresultadosesqueléticos no grupo Twin-block, como protrusão mandibular,crescimento do corpo e ramo mandibular; aumento das alturas faciais,posterior e da AFAI.O grupo Bionator teve protrusão e vestibularizaçãodos incisivos inferiores, enquanto o grupo Twin-block modificado teveretrusão e lingualização dos mesmos. Oaparelho Twin-block modificadopromoveumaior controle vertical que o aparelho Bionator, que tendeu apioraro padrão de crescimento. Além disso, o perfil mole com aparelhoTwin-blockmodificado ficou melhor que com o Bionator.

This study had as aim to assess the dentoskeletal andsott tissue effects ot the Twin-black appliance in 21 Brazilian subjectsof both genders, mean age of 10.5 years, minimum: 9.25 years; maximum:12.5 years with Class II malocclusion associated to a mandibularretrognathism prospectively treated and compare to two retrospectivesamples, one treated with Bionator appliance (22 subjects, 10.42years, minimum: 8.08 years; maximum: 12.58 yeers), and an untreatedClass II control group (24 subjects, 9.97 yeers, minimum: 8.33 years;maximum: 11.67 years). Ali patients were in cervical vertebral maturationstage CVMSII in T1, The 134 lateral cephalometric radiographswere obtained in T1 (initial) and T2 (final of the orthopedic fase arobservation time). Analysis of Variance (Anova), Tukey test and pared ttest were applied Theresults showed that ali appliances corrected themaxillomandibular relationship, dental relationships reducing the Class IImalocclusion severity with more skeletal effects as mandibular protrusion,mandibular growth, body and ramus, increase of facial heights,posterior and LAFH with Twin-block. Bionator group had significantprotrusion and vestibular inclination of the lower incisors and modifiedTwin-block had retrusion and retroclination of them. Modified Twin-blockpromoted greater vertical control than Bionator that trend to becomethe growth pattern worse. Besides, the sott profile with the modifiedTwin-block was better than with Bionator.

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OBJETIVO: este estudo objetivou avaliar as respostas cefalométricas esqueléticas provocadas pelo Aparelho de Protração Mandibular, em jovens brasileiros portadores de má oclusão Classe II, 1ª divisão, associado à Ortodontia corretiva fixa. MÉTODOS: a amostra consistiu de 56 telerradiografias em norma lateral de 28 pacientes, sendo 16 do sexo feminino e 12 do masculino. A idade inicial média foi de 13,06 anos e o período médio da terapia com o APM foi de 14,43 meses. As telerradiografias laterais foram obtidas antes e após o tratamento, tendo sido comparadas por dois examinadores calibrados para identificar as alterações esqueléticas do APM, utilizando-se 16 grandezas cefalométricas lineares e angulares. Algumas variáveis independentes (idade do paciente, sexo, padrão facial, modelo de APM, tempo total de uso do aparelho, arco usado durante a terapia com APM e técnica ortodôntica utilizada) foram consideradas e associadas às referidas grandezas, no intuito de demonstrar a influência dessas variáveis sobre as grandezas As respostas ao tratamento foram analisadas e comparadas pelos testes Wilcoxon Signed Ranks e Mann-Whitney para um nível de significância de 5 por cento. RESULTADOS: os resultados mostraram uma restrição no deslocamento anterior da maxila, um aumento na protrusão mandibular, uma melhora no relacionamento anteroposterior das bases ósseas e estabilidade do plano mandibular em relação à base do crânio. Observou-se, ainda, influência das variáveis idade, padrão facial e tipo de APM utilizado. CONCLUSÕES: o APM consistiu numa alternativa eficaz no tratamento da má oclusão de Classe II, 1ª divisão, propiciando alterações do componente esquelético com resultados clínicos satisfatórios.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to perform a cephalometric evaluation of the skeletal responses triggered by the joint use of a mandibular protraction appliance (MPA) and a fixed orthodontic appliance for correction of Class II, division 1 malocclusion in young Brazilian patients. METHODS: The sample consisted of 56 lateral cephalograms of 28 patients (16 women and 12 men). The initial mean age was 13.06 years and mean duration of therapy with MPA was 14.43 months. The lateral radiographs were obtained before and after treatment and were compared by two calibrated examiners to identify the skeletal changes induced by the MPA using 16 linear and angular cephalometric measures. Some independent variables (patient age, gender, facial pattern, MPA model, total use time, archwire and technique used during therapy with MPA) were considered and related to those measures in order to demonstrate the influence of these variables on them. Responses to treatment were analyzed and compared by the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test and Mann-Whitney test at a significance level of 5 percent. RESULTS: The results showed restricted anterior displacement of the maxilla, increased mandibular protrusion, improved anteroposterior relationship of the basal bones and stability of the mandibular plane relative to the cranial base. The influence of variables age, facial pattern and MPA type was also noted. CONCLUSIONS: MPA proved an effective alternative in the treatment of Class II, division 1 malocclusion, inducing changes in the skeletal component with satisfactory clinical results.

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o Trainer for Kids (T4K) é um aparelho funcional pré-fabricado indicado no tratamento precoce da rná-oclusão de Classe I, apinhamento, mordida aberta anterior, mordida profunda e hábitosbucais (sucção de dedo e/ou chupeta, deglutição atípica, interposição lingual, respiração bucal). O objetivo deste trabalho foi mostrar dois relatos de casos tratados com o aparelho T4K sendo um de mordida aberta anterior e um de mordida profunda.

The Trainer for Kids is a prefabricated funcitonal appliance indicated for early treatment of the Class I malocclusion, crowding, anterior open bite, deep bite and oral habits (finger and/or sucking, atypic deglutition, tongue interposition and oral breathing). The aim of thispaper is show two case reports treated with the T4K appliance being an anterior open bite and a deep bite.

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INTRODUCTION: The objectives of this study were to compare the amounts of apical root resorption that occur after treatment with 2 removable appliances-the Fränkel function regulator and the eruption guidance appliance (EGA)-in an untreated control group, and to determine the prevalence of root resorption in the maxillary and mandibular incisors and the dental arches. METHODS: After treatment, periapical radiographs were obtained of the maxillary and mandibular incisors with the long-cone paralleling technique from 72 patients divided into 3 groups. Group 1 included 24 patients treated with the Fränkel appliance, group 2 consisted of 24 patients treated with the EGA, and group 3 comprised 24 untreated subjects. Some patients in groups 1 and 2 were also treated with fixed appliances. Subgroups of patients who had used exclusively 1 functional appliance were also formed and evaluated. Root resorption was scored according to the method of Levander and Malmgren. RESULTS: Results of the Kruskal-Wallis tests showed significantly greater resorption in the Fränkel group, the EGA group, and the EGA subgroup in relation to the control group. However, there were no statistically significant differences between the Fränkel and the EGA groups and the subgroups. The amounts of resorption were predominantly small and similar in the experimental groups and the subgroups. The prevalence of resorption for the incisors was greatest for the maxillary central, followed by the maxillary lateral, mandibular central, and mandibular lateral. CONCLUSIONS: It was concluded that the Fränkel group, the EGA group, and the EGA subgroup had significantly greater resorption than the control group. There was no difference in the amount of resorption between the Fränkel and the EGA groups.

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O conhecimento pelos ortodontistas do mecanismo de ação dos aparelhos ortopédicos-funcionais, prescritos para inteceptar as más oclusões esqueléticas de Classe II ocasionadas por retrognatismo mandibular, em pacientes em crescimento, é de suma importância. Estes aparelhos poderiam auxiliar no tratamento desta más oclusões através da formação óssea e, assim, interferir no desenvolvimento e crescimento facial. A existência de acréscimos nos incrementos do crescimento mandibular durante a fase ativa do tratamento com estes aparelhos e a estabilidade detas alterações são importantes questionamentos a serem respondidos. O aparelho funcional Twin Block se presta a proporcionar a correção funcional da oclusão de Classe II de Angle e atualmente diversos artigos discutem sua efetividade quanto à sua interferência no crescimento mandibular. Este trabalho realiza uma revisão de publicações e discute a possibilidade do aparelho funcional Twin Block atuar efetivamente no crescimento do corpo e côndilo mandibulares em favor da correção destas más oclusões

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La maloclusión clase II división 1 es una de las anomalías que se presentan en las consultas de Ortodoncia con mayor frecuencia. Para solucionar esta problemática se han descrito diversos tratamientos. Se muestra un caso tratado mediante ortopedia funcional, específicamente con pistas planas de clase II, aparato funcional ideado por Pedro Planas , basado en la rehabilitación neuroclusal . Los resultados demuestran la efectividad de dicho aparato, pues se aprecian cambios a favor de la armonía esqueletal , la estética y la función, así como las modificaciones transversales que fueron alentadores. Dentro de los cambios esqueletales , se observó la apertura del eje facial y el aumento de la altura facial anteroinferior(AU)

Division 1 class II malocclusion is one of the abnormalities that are present in the Orthodontics offices more frequently. Different treatments have been described to solve this problem. A case treated by functional orthopedics, specifically with class II flat strips, an appliance created by Pedro Planas that is based on neuroocclusal rehabilitation, is reported. The results show the effectiveness of this appliance, since changes in favor of skeletal harmony, aesthetics and function are observed, and the transversal modifications are encouraging. The opening of the facial axis and the increase of the anteroinferior facial height are observed among the skeletal changes(AU)

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