RESUMO
We aimed to investigate whether the consumption of Egg White Hydrolysate (EWH) acts on nervous system disorders induced by exposure to Cadmium (Cd) in rats. Male Wistar rats were divided into (a) Control (Ct): H2O by gavage for 28 days + H2O (i.p. - 15th - 28th day); (b) Cadmium (Cd): H2O by gavage + CdCl2 - 1 mg/kg/day (i.p. - 15th - 28th day); (c) EWH 14d: EWH 1 g/kg/day by gavage for 14 days + H2O (i.p.- 15th - 28th day); (d) Cd + EWH cotreatment (Cd + EWHco): CdCl2 + EWH for 14 days; (e) EWH 28d: EWH for 28 days; (f) EWHpre + Cd: EWH (1st - 28th day) + CdCl2 (15th - 28th day). At the beginning and the end of treatment, neuromotor performance (Neurological Deficit Scale); motor function (Rota-Rod test); ability to move and explore (Open Field test); thermal sensitivity (Hot Plate test); and state of anxiety (Elevated Maze test) were tested. The antioxidant status in the cerebral cortex and the striatum were biochemically analyzed. Cd induces anxiety, and neuromotor, and thermal sensitivity deficits. EWH consumption prevented anxiety, neuromotor deficits, and alterations in thermal sensitivity, avoiding neuromotor deficits both when the administration was performed before or during Cd exposure. Both modes of administration reduced the levels of reactive species, and the lipid peroxidation increased by Cd and improved the striatum's antioxidant capacity. Pretreatment proved to be beneficial in preventing the reduction of SOD activity in the cortex. EWH could be used as a functional food with antioxidant properties capable of preventing neurological damage induced by Cd.
Assuntos
Cádmio , Clara de Ovo , Estresse Oxidativo , Ratos Wistar , Animais , Masculino , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Cádmio/toxicidade , Clara de Ovo/química , Ratos , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/uso terapêutico , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso/induzido quimicamente , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso/prevenção & controle , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso/tratamento farmacológico , Hidrolisados de Proteína/farmacologia , Hidrolisados de Proteína/uso terapêutico , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/uso terapêutico , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/farmacologiaRESUMO
Hydrolyzed collagen (HC) is a group of peptides with low molecular weight (3-6 KDa) that can be obtained by enzymatic action in acid or alkaline media at a specific incubation temperature. HC can be extracted from different sources such as bovine or porcine. These sources have presented health limitations in the last years. Recently research has shown good properties of the HC found in skin, scale, and bones from marine sources. Type and source of extraction are the main factors that affect HC properties, such as molecular weight of the peptide chain, solubility, and functional activity. HC is widely used in several industries including food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, biomedical, and leather industries. The present review presents the different types of HC, sources of extraction, and their applications as a biomaterial.
Assuntos
Colágeno , Hidrolisados de Proteína , Animais , Colágeno/química , Colágeno/isolamento & purificação , Colágeno/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Hidrolisados de Proteína/química , Hidrolisados de Proteína/isolamento & purificação , Hidrolisados de Proteína/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
Aluminum (Al), which is omnipresent in human life, is a potent neurotoxin. Here, we have tested the potential for Egg White Hydrolysate (EWH) to protect against changes in cognitive function in rats exposed to both high and low levels of Al. Indeed, EWH has been previously shown to improve the negative effects induced by chronic exposure to heavy metals. Male Wistar rats received orally: Group 1) Low aluminum level (AlCl3 at a dose of 8.3 mg/kg b.w. during 60 days) with or without EWH treatment (1 g/kg/day); Group 2) High aluminum level (AlCl3 at a dose of 100 mg/kg b.w. during 42 days) with or without EWH treatment (1 g/kg/day). After 60 or 42 days of exposure, rats exposed to Al and EWH did not show memory or cognitive dysfunction as was observed in Al-treated animals. Indeed, co-treatment with EWH prevented catalepsy, hippocampal oxidative stress, cholinergic dysfunction and increased number of activated microglia and COX-2-positive cells induced by Al exposure. Altogether, since hippocampal inflammation and oxidative damage were partially prevented by EWH, our results suggest that it could be used as a protective agent against the detrimental effects of long term exposure to Al.
Assuntos
Alumínio/toxicidade , Disfunção Cognitiva/induzido quimicamente , Disfunção Cognitiva/prevenção & controle , Clara de Ovo , Alimento Funcional , Hidrolisados de Proteína/uso terapêutico , Acetilcolinesterase/metabolismo , Animais , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Comportamento Animal , Peso Corporal , Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/metabolismo , Hipocampo/efeitos dos fármacos , Hipocampo/metabolismo , Masculino , Memória de Longo Prazo/efeitos dos fármacos , Memória de Curto Prazo/efeitos dos fármacos , Microglia/efeitos dos fármacos , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/uso terapêutico , Estresse Oxidativo , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismoRESUMO
La lactancia materna es un excelente factor protector y una forma inigualable de facilitar el alimento ideal para el crecimiento y desarrollo saludable. Es imprescindible su recomenda-ción exclusiva durante los primeros 6 meses de vida y de ser posible continuar con la lactancia materna durante la alimentación complemen-taria hasta los 2 años de edad; solo se debe recurrir a fórmulas especiales cuando la madre no pueda amamantar. Para estos casos se dispone de varias fórmulas hidrolizadas, soja y elementales.Las fórmulas hidrolizadas pueden ser extensa o parcialmente hidrolizadas, y ser séricas o de caseína. Las fórmulas extensamente hidroliza-das, han sido sometidas a ensayos clínicos donde se comprueba su hipoalergenicidad al eliminar los síntomas de la Alergia a la Proteína de la Leche de Vaca (APLV) luego de su inicio. Estudios recientes demuestran que la adición de Lactobacillusr hamnosus (LGG) a una fórmu-la de caseína extensamente hidrolizada acelera la adquisición de tolerancia en estos niños en comparación con los pacientes que recibieron fórmula sin adición.La fórmula de soja, aunque no es hipoalergéni-ca, se puede emplear para tratar la APLV, pero no antes de los 6 meses. No se pueden emplear como tratamiento de APLV fórmulas parcial-mente hidrolizadas, ni leche de otros rumian-tes, como oveja o cabra. En pacientes con altos niveles de sensibilización o con antecedente de reacción ana láctica, se recomienda la administración de fórmula elemental. El objeti-vo de la presente revisión es dar a conocer el manejo y uso racional de las fórmulas hidroliza-das y elementales en niños con APLV y así evitar el uso indiscriminado de estas en niños con trastornos funcionales...(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Hidrolisados de Proteína/uso terapêutico , Aleitamento Materno/métodos , Hipersensibilidade a Leite/complicações , Proteínas do Soro do Leite/efeitos adversosRESUMO
Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. lactis CRL 581, a thermophilic lactic acid bacterium used as a starter culture for the manufacture of several fermented dairy products, possesses an efficient proteolytic system that is able to release a series of potentially bioactive peptides (i.e., antihypertensive and phosphopeptides) from α- and ß-caseins. Considering the potential beneficial health effects of the peptides released by L. delbrueckii ssp. lactis CRL 581 from milk proteins, the aim of this work was to analyze the anti-mutagenic and anti-inflammatory properties of the casein hydrolysates generated by the cell envelope-associated proteinase of this bacterium. The ability of α- and ß-casein hydrolysates to suppress the mutagenesis of a direct-acting mutagen 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide on Salmonella typhimurium TA 98 and TA 100 increased concomitantly with the time of casein hydrolysis. The anti-inflammatory effect of the ß-casein hydrolysate was evaluated using a trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced Crohn's disease murine model. The hydrolysate was administered to mice 10 d before the intrarectal inoculation of TNBS. The mice that received ß-casein hydrolysate previously to TNBS showed decreased mortality rates, faster recovery of initial body weight loss, less microbial translocation to the liver, decreased ß-glucuronidase and myeloperoxidase activities in the gut, and decreased colonic macroscopic and microscopic damage compared with the animals that did not receive this hydrolysate. In addition, ß-casein hydrolysate exerted a beneficial effect on acute intestinal inflammation by increased interleukin 10 and decreased IFN-γ production in the gut. Our findings are consistent with the health-promoting attributes of the milk products fermented by L. delbrueckii ssp. lactis CRL 581 and open up new opportunities for developing novel functional foods.
Assuntos
Caseínas/uso terapêutico , Colite/prevenção & controle , Lactobacillus delbrueckii/metabolismo , Hidrolisados de Proteína/uso terapêutico , Animais , Antimutagênicos/farmacologia , Caseínas/farmacologia , Colite/induzido quimicamente , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Feminino , Glucuronidase/metabolismo , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Testes de Mutagenicidade , Peroxidase/metabolismo , Hidrolisados de Proteína/farmacologia , Ácido Trinitrobenzenossulfônico/farmacologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Shrimp wastes contain high-quality protein that is underutilized, and particularly peptides derived from shrimp wastes (normally used as animal feed) have not been utilized for bioactive properties. Hence the objective was to utilize shrimp waste proteins in generating peptides and to investigate these for cancer antiproliferative activities. The objectives involved hydrolyzing shrimp proteins (intact in shell) using a food-grade Cryotin enzyme, obtaining gastrointestinal resistant peptides, fractionation to generate < 10, 10-30 and > 30 kDa fractions, and evaluating for colon and liver cancer cell growth inhibitory effects. Three shrimp shells--whole langostino lobster shells from El Salvador (South America), shrimp shells from St Petersburg, FL (USA), and shrimp shell whites from the Gulf of Mexico, LA (USA)--were evaluated for the study. RESULTS: Peptide fractions (<10 and 10-30 kDa) obtained from shrimp shell whites (Gulf of Mexico) as well as from langostino shells (El Salvador) significantly inhibited the growth of both colon and liver cancer cells by 60%, while < 10 kDa fraction from shrimp shells (FL) inhibited growth of liver cancer cells alone by 55%, compared to controls. CONCLUSION: The promising anticancer peptide fractions from shrimp waste proteins has the potential for novel nutraceutical ingredient applications.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Neoplasias do Colo/tratamento farmacológico , Crustáceos/química , Neoplasias Hepáticas/tratamento farmacológico , Peptídeos/uso terapêutico , Hidrolisados de Proteína/uso terapêutico , Estruturas Animais , Animais , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , El Salvador , Indústria Alimentícia , Humanos , Louisiana , Peptídeos/metabolismo , Peptídeos/farmacologia , Hidrolisados de Proteína/metabolismo , Hidrolisados de Proteína/farmacologia , ResíduosRESUMO
Collagen hydrolysates (CHs) are mixtures of peptides obtained by partial hydrolysis of gelatins that are receiving scientific attention as potential oral supplements for the recovery of osteoarticular tissues. The effect of supplementing the diets with a CH was assessed in 48 ovariectomized rats by analyzing the compositional and biomechanical characteristics of the bone. Six groups of rats (three ovariectomized, one sham-operated, and two intact) were fed a standard diet, supplemented with either CH or gelatin (Control), at two levels: a dose equivalent to five times the amount suggested for humans (10 g/day) or another 10 times greater. After 8 weeks, the femora and vertebrae were excised, the blood was collected, and serum alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin were determined. Bone weight, total protein, and biomechanical strength were also determined. The vertebrae of the ovariectomized group that received the higher dosage of CH withstood a load four times greater and exhibited higher levels of protein and osteocalcin content than those receiving either gelatin or no supplement. CH supplementation at the higher level in the ovariectomized rat had an unequivocal contribution in the conservation or preservation of vertebral mass, protein content, and mechanical strength not seen when gelatin was used as a supplement. Similar treatment of the intact rat with the CH, however, appeared to have the opposite effect.
Assuntos
Colágeno/uso terapêutico , Suplementos Nutricionais , Vértebras Lombares/química , Vértebras Lombares/metabolismo , Osteoporose Pós-Menopausa/dietoterapia , Hidrolisados de Proteína/uso terapêutico , Fosfatase Alcalina/sangue , Animais , Biomarcadores , Conservadores da Densidade Óssea/administração & dosagem , Conservadores da Densidade Óssea/efeitos adversos , Conservadores da Densidade Óssea/uso terapêutico , Colágeno/administração & dosagem , Colágeno/efeitos adversos , Força Compressiva , Feminino , Fêmur/química , Fêmur/metabolismo , Fêmur/patologia , Gelatina/administração & dosagem , Gelatina/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Vértebras Lombares/patologia , Fenômenos Mecânicos , Osteocalcina/sangue , Osteoporose Pós-Menopausa/sangue , Osteoporose Pós-Menopausa/metabolismo , Osteoporose Pós-Menopausa/patologia , Ovariectomia , Hidrolisados de Proteína/administração & dosagem , Hidrolisados de Proteína/efeitos adversos , Distribuição Aleatória , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity and antihypertensive activity of bovine and porcine collagen hydrolysates in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were investigated. The hydrolyzed collagens were subjected to ultrafiltration using membranes with cutoffs of 30-50 kDa (permeate P1), 5-8 kDa (permeate P2), or 1-2 kDa (permeate P3) in order to obtain products with a narrower range of molecular size. The hydrolyzed bovine and porcine collagens and their permeates showed low ACE inhibitory activity (50% inhibitory concentration [IC(50)] = 5.42-15.58 mg of protein/mL). However, after in vitro gastrointestinal digestion, a significant increase in the ACE inhibitory potency of the hydrolyzed collagens was observed (IC(50) = 0.97-4.02 mg of protein/mL). Permeates had a higher ACE inhibitory activity and hypotensive activity than non-ultrafiltered hydrolysates. The P1 permeate of bovine and porcine collagen and the P3 fraction of the porcine collagen hydrolysate exhibited the best antihypertensive activity in vivo, promoting a maximum reduction in blood pressure of 22 mm Hg, 21.33 mm Hg, and 21.33 mm Hg, respectively, while lisinopril promoted a maximum reduction of 51.00 mm Hg. These results suggest that the commercial collagen hydrolysates of bovine and porcine origin may be a potential source of bioactive peptides.
Assuntos
Inibidores da Enzima Conversora de Angiotensina/uso terapêutico , Anti-Hipertensivos/farmacologia , Colágeno/uso terapêutico , Hipertensão/tratamento farmacológico , Hidrolisados de Proteína/uso terapêutico , Inibidores da Enzima Conversora de Angiotensina/farmacologia , Animais , Bovinos , Colágeno/farmacologia , Masculino , Hidrolisados de Proteína/farmacologia , Coelhos , Ratos , Ratos Endogâmicos SHR , SuínosRESUMO
OBJETIVO: Avaliar a atividade do hidrolisado das proteínas de soro de leite bovino e uma fração de peptídeos de baixo peso molecular (peso molecular <1kDa), na proteção do epitélio da mucosa do estômago de ratos Wistar adultos contra o processo ulcerativo, induzidos por três diferentes agentes. MÉTODOS: Nesse estudo foram utilizados os modelos de indução de úlcera pelo antiinflamatório indometacina (30mg/kg de peso), por etanol absoluto (1ml/animal) e por estresse causado por imobilização e frio (4ºC/2h) em ratos Wistar adultos. RESULTADO: O hidrolisado protéico de soro de leite foi obtido por tratamento com pancreatina, ao grau de hidrólise de 20 por cento, e fracionado em membrana de fluxo tangencial com faixa de corte de 1kDa, para obtenção de uma fração contendo peptídeos de baixo peso molecular denominada peptídeos do hidrolisado protéico de soro (<1kDa). A administração aguda do hidrolisado protéico de soro, de acordo com o modelo etanol, resultou em 65,5 por cento de redução dos índices de lesões ulcerativas, sendo obtida 77,4 por cento de inibição em dose dupla. CONCLUSAO: O efeito citoprotetor dos peptídeos de baixo peso molecular foi mais elevado para o modelo de indução por antiinflamatório, em relação ao hidrolisado integral, tanto em dose única como em dupla (53,1 por cento e 71,6 por cento de redução dos índices de lesões ulcerativas, respectivamente). Não foi constatada atividade protetora em modelos de úlcera induzidos por estresse.
Assuntos
Masculino , Ratos , Animais , Ratos Wistar , Hidrolisados de Proteína/uso terapêutico , Peptídeos/uso terapêutico , Úlcera Gástrica/induzido quimicamenteRESUMO
El sistema de valoración de aminoácidos o de mezclas de aminoácidos en presencia de un exceso de formaldehído se utiliza como método analítico, particularmente para monitorear la formación de aminoácidos libres durante la hidrólisis de las proteínas. Se realizó la validación del método potenciométrico de valoración con formaldehído (USP XXIV, 2000) para la determinación cuantitativa de nitrógeno amínico en hidrolizados proteicos de la microalga Chlorella vulgaris. Teniendo en cuenta la clasificación del método, se evaluaron los parámetros: linealidad, precisión, exactitud y especificidad. La técnica es fiable ya que no es afectada por interferencias provocadas por otras sustancias presentes en el hidrolizado; además, el procesamiento estadístico de los datos evidenció la linealidad, precisión y exactitud del método. El procedimiento validado es simple y rápido, por lo que puede ser aplicado en la cuantificación de nitrógeno amínico en lotes de hidrolizado proteico obtenidos en nuestros laboratorios