RESUMO
PURPOSE:: To determine if the combination of lidocaine with epinephrine or gamma globulin would decrease the rate or reduce the amount of local absorption of lidocaine through the airway. METHODS:: Twenty adult male cats were randomly and evenly distributed into four groups: 1) Group LG: lidocaine administered with gamma globulin; 2) Group LS: lidocaine administered with physiological saline); 3) Group LE: lidocaine administered with epinephrine; 4) Group C: control group. Invasive blood pressure, heart rate, and concentration of lidocaine were recorded before and after administration. RESULTS:: The peak of plasma concentrations appeared difference (Group LG: 1.39 ± 0.23 mg/L; Group LS: 1.47 ± 0.29 mg/L and Group LE: 0.99 ± 0.08 mg/L). Compared to Group C, there were significant differences in the average heart rate of Groups LG, LS, and LE (P < 0.05). The average systolic blood pressures were significantly different when each group was compared to Group C (P < 0.05). The biological half-life, AUC0-120, peak time, and half-life of absorption among the three groups have not presented statistically significant differences (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION:: Administering lidocaine in combination with gamma globulin through airway causes significant decrease the rate and reduce the amount of local absorption of lidocaine in cats.
Assuntos
Agonistas Adrenérgicos beta/farmacocinética , Anestésicos Locais/farmacocinética , Epinefrina/farmacocinética , Lidocaína/farmacocinética , Absorção pelo Trato Respiratório/efeitos dos fármacos , gama-Globulinas/farmacocinética , Agonistas Adrenérgicos beta/administração & dosagem , Anestésicos Locais/administração & dosagem , Anestésicos Locais/sangue , Animais , Pressão Sanguínea/efeitos dos fármacos , Broncoscopia/métodos , Gatos , Combinação de Medicamentos , Epinefrina/administração & dosagem , Frequência Cardíaca/efeitos dos fármacos , Lidocaína/administração & dosagem , Lidocaína/sangue , Masculino , Distribuição Aleatória , Valores de Referência , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Fatores de Tempo , Traqueia/efeitos dos fármacos , gama-Globulinas/administração & dosagemRESUMO
Abstract Purpose: To determine if the combination of lidocaine with epinephrine or gamma globulin would decrease the rate or reduce the amount of local absorption of lidocaine through the airway. Methods: Twenty adult male cats were randomly and evenly distributed into four groups: 1) Group LG: lidocaine administered with gamma globulin; 2) Group LS: lidocaine administered with physiological saline); 3) Group LE: lidocaine administered with epinephrine; 4) Group C: control group. Invasive blood pressure, heart rate, and concentration of lidocaine were recorded before and after administration. Results: The peak of plasma concentrations appeared difference (Group LG: 1.39 ± 0.23 mg/L; Group LS: 1.47 ± 0.29 mg/L and Group LE: 0.99 ± 0.08 mg/L). Compared to Group C, there were significant differences in the average heart rate of Groups LG, LS, and LE (P < 0.05). The average systolic blood pressures were significantly different when each group was compared to Group C (P < 0.05). The biological half-life, AUC0-120, peak time, and half-life of absorption among the three groups have not presented statistically significant differences (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Administering lidocaine in combination with gamma globulin through airway causes significant decrease the rate and reduce the amount of local absorption of lidocaine in cats.
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Gatos , gama-Globulinas/farmacocinética , Epinefrina/farmacocinética , Agonistas Adrenérgicos beta/farmacocinética , Absorção pelo Trato Respiratório/efeitos dos fármacos , Anestésicos Locais/farmacocinética , Lidocaína/farmacocinética , Valores de Referência , Fatores de Tempo , Traqueia/efeitos dos fármacos , Pressão Sanguínea/efeitos dos fármacos , Broncoscopia/métodos , gama-Globulinas/administração & dosagem , Epinefrina/administração & dosagem , Distribuição Aleatória , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Agonistas Adrenérgicos beta/administração & dosagem , Combinação de Medicamentos , Frequência Cardíaca/efeitos dos fármacos , Anestésicos Locais/administração & dosagem , Anestésicos Locais/sangue , Lidocaína/administração & dosagem , Lidocaína/sangueRESUMO
The present study was aimed at the preparation and performance evaluation of Intacglobin-loaded liposomes for selective drug presentation to the lungs. Egg phosphatidylcholine- and cholesterol-based liposomes (1:1 and 1:0.25 mol/mol) were prepared by a dehydration-rehydration procedure. A tissue distribution study after single intranasal administration of 0.5 microCi 125I-Intacglobin-loaded liposomes was conducted in Balb/c mice. The efficiencies of drug entrapment (30%) and the average diameters did not differ significantly between the two liposome formulations. However, liposomes composed of an increased cholesterol amount showed a lower in vitro drug release rate. The airway penetration efficiency of the liposomal formulation was determined by the cumulative percentage of the dose reaching the lungs (AUC) and its sojourn time therein, and were 1.7- and 2.2-times higher compared with the plain 125I- Intacglobin solution-based formulation, respectively. A significantly greater (p<0.001) drug localization index after 24 h was found at the lungs in comparison with the other tissues (p<0.01), although similar values were detected between groups following administration of either liposomes or control solutions, despite the formulations attributes. In conclusion, it is suggested that longer Intacglobin exposure at the pulmonary region is observed after administration of the liposomal formulation. The results open future perspectives in assessing local passive immunization for the treatment of respiratory infectious diseases.
Assuntos
gama-Globulinas/administração & dosagem , gama-Globulinas/farmacocinética , Administração Intranasal , Animais , Brônquios/efeitos dos fármacos , Brônquios/metabolismo , Portadores de Fármacos , Humanos , Radioisótopos do Iodo , Lipossomos , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Distribuição Tecidual , Traqueia/efeitos dos fármacos , Traqueia/metabolismoRESUMO
The effect of the administration of a commercial preparation of human gamma globulins has been evaluated in a mouse model of intranasal infection with BCG. First, we demonstrated the passage of specific antibodies to saliva and lung lavage following the intranasal or intraperitoneal administration to mice of human gamma globulins. This treatment of mice inhibited BCG colonization of the lungs (p < 0.01). A similar inhibitory effect was observed after infection of mice with gamma globulin opsonized BCG organisms (p < 0.01). These results are relevant for the development of new strategies for the control and treatment of tuberculosis.